11 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/list.h
14 Basic C Library Functions
15 =========================
17 When writing drivers, you cannot in general use routines which are from
18 the C Library. Some of the functions have been found generally useful
19 and they are listed below. The behaviour of these functions may vary
20 slightly from those defined by ANSI, and these deviations are noted in
26 .. kernel-doc:: lib/vsprintf.c
29 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/kernel.h
32 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/kernel.h
35 .. kernel-doc:: lib/kstrtox.c
41 .. kernel-doc:: lib/string.c
47 .. kernel-doc:: arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h
50 Basic Kernel Library Functions
51 ==============================
53 The Linux kernel provides more basic utility functions.
58 .. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c
61 .. kernel-doc:: lib/bitmap.c
67 .. kernel-doc:: lib/cmdline.c
73 .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc7.c
76 .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc16.c
79 .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-itu-t.c
82 .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc32.c
84 .. kernel-doc:: lib/crc-ccitt.c
90 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/idr.h
93 .. kernel-doc:: lib/idr.c
96 .. kernel-doc:: lib/idr.c
99 Memory Management in Linux
100 ==========================
105 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/slab.h
108 .. kernel-doc:: mm/slab.c
111 .. kernel-doc:: mm/util.c
114 User Space Memory Access
115 ------------------------
117 .. kernel-doc:: arch/x86/include/asm/uaccess.h
120 .. kernel-doc:: arch/x86/lib/usercopy_32.c
123 More Memory Management Functions
124 --------------------------------
126 .. kernel-doc:: mm/readahead.c
129 .. kernel-doc:: mm/filemap.c
132 .. kernel-doc:: mm/memory.c
135 .. kernel-doc:: mm/vmalloc.c
138 .. kernel-doc:: mm/page_alloc.c
141 .. kernel-doc:: mm/mempool.c
144 .. kernel-doc:: mm/dmapool.c
147 .. kernel-doc:: mm/page-writeback.c
150 .. kernel-doc:: mm/truncate.c
153 Kernel IPC facilities
154 =====================
159 .. kernel-doc:: ipc/util.c
168 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/kfifo.h
171 relay interface support
172 =======================
174 Relay interface support is designed to provide an efficient mechanism
175 for tools and facilities to relay large amounts of data from kernel
181 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/relay.c
184 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/relay.c
193 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/kmod.c
199 Refer to the file kernel/module.c for more information.
207 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/irq/manage.c
213 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/dma.c
219 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/resource.c
222 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/resource.c
228 .. kernel-doc:: arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/main.c
234 .. kernel-doc:: security/security.c
237 .. kernel-doc:: security/inode.c
243 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/audit.c
246 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/auditsc.c
249 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/auditfilter.c
255 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/acct.c
261 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-core.c
264 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-core.c
267 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-map.c
270 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-sysfs.c
273 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-settings.c
276 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-exec.c
279 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-flush.c
282 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-lib.c
285 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-tag.c
288 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-tag.c
291 .. kernel-doc:: block/blk-integrity.c
294 .. kernel-doc:: kernel/trace/blktrace.c
297 .. kernel-doc:: block/genhd.c
300 .. kernel-doc:: block/genhd.c
306 .. kernel-doc:: fs/char_dev.c
312 The clock framework defines programming interfaces to support software
313 management of the system clock tree. This framework is widely used with
314 System-On-Chip (SOC) platforms to support power management and various
315 devices which may need custom clock rates. Note that these "clocks"
316 don't relate to timekeeping or real time clocks (RTCs), each of which
317 have separate frameworks. These :c:type:`struct clk <clk>`
318 instances may be used to manage for example a 96 MHz signal that is used
319 to shift bits into and out of peripherals or busses, or otherwise
320 trigger synchronous state machine transitions in system hardware.
322 Power management is supported by explicit software clock gating: unused
323 clocks are disabled, so the system doesn't waste power changing the
324 state of transistors that aren't in active use. On some systems this may
325 be backed by hardware clock gating, where clocks are gated without being
326 disabled in software. Sections of chips that are powered but not clocked
327 may be able to retain their last state. This low power state is often
328 called a *retention mode*. This mode still incurs leakage currents,
329 especially with finer circuit geometries, but for CMOS circuits power is
330 mostly used by clocked state changes.
332 Power-aware drivers only enable their clocks when the device they manage
333 is in active use. Also, system sleep states often differ according to
334 which clock domains are active: while a "standby" state may allow wakeup
335 from several active domains, a "mem" (suspend-to-RAM) state may require
336 a more wholesale shutdown of clocks derived from higher speed PLLs and
337 oscillators, limiting the number of possible wakeup event sources. A
338 driver's suspend method may need to be aware of system-specific clock
339 constraints on the target sleep state.
341 Some platforms support programmable clock generators. These can be used
342 by external chips of various kinds, such as other CPUs, multimedia
343 codecs, and devices with strict requirements for interface clocking.
345 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/clk.h