1 Exporting kernel headers for use by userspace
2 =============================================
4 The "make headers_install" command exports the kernel's header files in a
5 form suitable for use by userspace programs.
7 The linux kernel's exported header files describe the API for user space
8 programs attempting to use kernel services. These kernel header files are
9 used by the system's C library (such as glibc or uClibc) to define available
10 system calls, as well as constants and structures to be used with these
11 system calls. The C library's header files include the kernel header files
12 from the "linux" subdirectory. The system's libc headers are usually
13 installed at the default location /usr/include and the kernel headers in
14 subdirectories under that (most notably /usr/include/linux and
17 Kernel headers are backwards compatible, but not forwards compatible. This
18 means that a program built against a C library using older kernel headers
19 should run on a newer kernel (although it may not have access to new
20 features), but a program built against newer kernel headers may not work on an
23 The "make headers_install" command can be run in the top level directory of the
24 kernel source code (or using a standard out-of-tree build). It takes two
27 make headers_install ARCH=i386 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/usr
29 ARCH indicates which architecture to produce headers for, and defaults to the
30 current architecture. The linux/asm directory of the exported kernel headers
31 is platform-specific, to see a complete list of supported architectures use
34 ls -d include/asm-* | sed 's/.*-//'
36 INSTALL_HDR_PATH indicates where to install the headers. It defaults to
39 An 'include' directory is automatically created inside INSTALL_HDR_PATH and
40 headers are installed in 'INSTALL_HDR_PATH/include'.
42 The command "make headers_install_all" exports headers for all architectures
43 simultaneously. (This is mostly of interest to distribution maintainers,
44 who create an architecture-independent tarball from the resulting include
45 directory.) You also can use HDR_ARCH_LIST to specify list of architectures.
46 Remember to provide the appropriate linux/asm directory via "mv" or "ln -s"
47 before building a C library with headers exported this way.
49 The kernel header export infrastructure is maintained by David Woodhouse
50 <dwmw2@infradead.org>.