1 Transparent proxy support
2 =========================
4 This feature adds Linux 2.2-like transparent proxy support to current kernels.
5 To use it, enable the socket match and the TPROXY target in your kernel config.
6 You will need policy routing too, so be sure to enable that as well.
8 From Linux 4.18 transparent proxy support is also available in nf_tables.
10 1. Making non-local sockets work
11 ================================
13 The idea is that you identify packets with destination address matching a local
14 socket on your box, set the packet mark to a certain value:
16 # iptables -t mangle -N DIVERT
17 # iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m socket -j DIVERT
18 # iptables -t mangle -A DIVERT -j MARK --set-mark 1
19 # iptables -t mangle -A DIVERT -j ACCEPT
21 Alternatively you can do this in nft with the following commands:
23 # nft add table filter
24 # nft add chain filter divert "{ type filter hook prerouting priority -150; }"
25 # nft add rule filter divert meta l4proto tcp socket transparent 1 meta mark set 1 accept
27 And then match on that value using policy routing to have those packets
30 # ip rule add fwmark 1 lookup 100
31 # ip route add local 0.0.0.0/0 dev lo table 100
33 Because of certain restrictions in the IPv4 routing output code you'll have to
34 modify your application to allow it to send datagrams _from_ non-local IP
35 addresses. All you have to do is enable the (SOL_IP, IP_TRANSPARENT) socket
36 option before calling bind:
38 fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
41 setsockopt(fd, SOL_IP, IP_TRANSPARENT, &value, sizeof(value));
43 name.sin_family = AF_INET;
44 name.sin_port = htons(0xCAFE);
45 name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(0xDEADBEEF);
46 bind(fd, &name, sizeof(name));
48 A trivial patch for netcat is available here:
49 http://people.netfilter.org/hidden/tproxy/netcat-ip_transparent-support.patch
52 2. Redirecting traffic
53 ======================
55 Transparent proxying often involves "intercepting" traffic on a router. This is
56 usually done with the iptables REDIRECT target; however, there are serious
57 limitations of that method. One of the major issues is that it actually
58 modifies the packets to change the destination address -- which might not be
59 acceptable in certain situations. (Think of proxying UDP for example: you won't
60 be able to find out the original destination address. Even in case of TCP
61 getting the original destination address is racy.)
63 The 'TPROXY' target provides similar functionality without relying on NAT. Simply
64 add rules like this to the iptables ruleset above:
66 # iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 80 -j TPROXY \
67 --tproxy-mark 0x1/0x1 --on-port 50080
69 Or the following rule to nft:
71 # nft add rule filter divert tcp dport 80 tproxy to :50080 meta mark set 1 accept
73 Note that for this to work you'll have to modify the proxy to enable (SOL_IP,
74 IP_TRANSPARENT) for the listening socket.
76 As an example implementation, tcprdr is available here:
77 https://git.breakpoint.cc/cgit/fw/tcprdr.git/
78 This tool is written by Florian Westphal and it was used for testing during the
79 nf_tables implementation.
81 3. Iptables and nf_tables extensions
82 ====================================
84 To use tproxy you'll need to have the following modules compiled for iptables:
85 - NETFILTER_XT_MATCH_SOCKET
86 - NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_TPROXY
88 Or the floowing modules for nf_tables:
92 4. Application support
93 ======================
98 Squid 3.HEAD has support built-in. To use it, pass
99 '--enable-linux-netfilter' to configure and set the 'tproxy' option on
100 the HTTP listener you redirect traffic to with the TPROXY iptables
103 For more information please consult the following page on the Squid
104 wiki: http://wiki.squid-cache.org/Features/Tproxy4