4 Batman advanced is a new approach to wireless networking which
5 does no longer operate on the IP basis. Unlike the batman daemon,
6 which exchanges information using UDP packets and sets routing
7 tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI Layer 2 only and uses
8 and routes (or better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It emulates a
9 virtual network switch of all nodes participating. Therefore all
10 nodes appear to be link local, thus all higher operating proto-
11 cols won't be affected by any changes within the network. You can
12 run almost any protocol above batman advanced, prominent examples
13 are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.
15 Batman advanced was implemented as a Linux kernel driver to re-
16 duce the overhead to a minimum. It does not depend on any (other)
17 network driver, and can be used on wifi as well as ethernet lan,
18 vpn, etc ... (anything with ethernet-style layer 2).
24 Load the batman-adv module into your kernel:
26 # insmod batman-adv.ko
28 The module is now waiting for activation. You must add some in-
29 terfaces on which batman can operate. After loading the module
30 batman advanced will scan your systems interfaces to search for
31 compatible interfaces. Once found, it will create subfolders in
32 the /sys directories of each supported interface, e.g.
34 # ls /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/
35 # elp_interval iface_status mesh_iface throughput_override
37 If an interface does not have the "batman_adv" subfolder it prob-
38 ably is not supported. Not supported interfaces are: loopback,
39 non-ethernet and batman's own interfaces.
41 Note: After the module was loaded it will continuously watch for
42 new interfaces to verify the compatibility. There is no need to
43 reload the module if you plug your USB wifi adapter into your ma-
44 chine after batman advanced was initially loaded.
46 The batman-adv soft-interface can be created using the iproute2
49 # ip link add name bat0 type batadv
51 To activate a given interface simply attach it to the "bat0"
54 # ip link set dev eth0 master bat0
56 Repeat this step for all interfaces you wish to add. Now batman
57 starts using/broadcasting on this/these interface(s).
59 By reading the "iface_status" file you can check its status:
61 # cat /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/iface_status
64 To deactivate an interface you have to detach it from the
67 # ip link set dev eth0 nomaster
70 All mesh wide settings can be found in batman's own interface
73 # ls /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/
74 # aggregated_ogms fragmentation isolation_mark routing_algo
75 # ap_isolation gw_bandwidth log_level vlan0
76 # bonding gw_mode multicast_mode
77 # bridge_loop_avoidance gw_sel_class network_coding
78 # distributed_arp_table hop_penalty orig_interval
80 There is a special folder for debugging information:
82 # ls /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/
83 # bla_backbone_table log neighbors transtable_local
84 # bla_claim_table mcast_flags originators
86 # gateways nc_nodes transtable_global
88 Some of the files contain all sort of status information regard-
89 ing the mesh network. For example, you can view the table of
90 originators (mesh participants) with:
92 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/originators
94 Other files allow to change batman's behaviour to better fit your
95 requirements. For instance, you can check the current originator
96 interval (value in milliseconds which determines how often batman
97 sends its broadcast packets):
99 # cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
102 and also change its value:
104 # echo 3000 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
106 In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator
107 interval to a lower value. This will make the mesh more respon-
108 sive to topology changes, but will also increase the overhead.
114 To make use of your newly created mesh, batman advanced provides
115 a new interface "bat0" which you should use from this point on.
116 All interfaces added to batman advanced are not relevant any
117 longer because batman handles them for you. Basically, one "hands
118 over" the data by using the batman interface and batman will make
119 sure it reaches its destination.
121 The "bat0" interface can be used like any other regular inter-
122 face. It needs an IP address which can be either statically con-
123 figured or dynamically (by using DHCP or similar services):
125 # NodeA: ip link set up dev bat0
126 # NodeA: ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev bat0
128 # NodeB: ip link set up dev bat0
129 # NodeB: ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev bat0
130 # NodeB: ping 192.168.0.1
132 Note: In order to avoid problems remove all IP addresses previ-
133 ously assigned to interfaces now used by batman advanced, e.g.
135 # ip addr flush dev eth0
141 All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to
142 the kernel log. Depending on your operating system distribution
143 this can be read in one of a number of ways. Try using the com-
144 mands: dmesg, logread, or looking in the files /var/log/kern.log
145 or /var/log/syslog. All batman-adv messages are prefixed with
146 "batman-adv:" So to see just these messages try
148 # dmesg | grep batman-adv
150 When investigating problems with your mesh network it is some-
151 times necessary to see more detail debug messages. This must be
152 enabled when compiling the batman-adv module. When building bat-
153 man-adv as part of kernel, use "make menuconfig" and enable the
154 option "B.A.T.M.A.N. debugging".
156 Those additional debug messages can be accessed using a special
159 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/log
161 The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be en-
162 abled during run time. Following log_levels are defined:
164 0 - All debug output disabled
165 1 - Enable messages related to routing / flooding / broadcasting
166 2 - Enable messages related to route added / changed / deleted
167 4 - Enable messages related to translation table operations
168 8 - Enable messages related to bridge loop avoidance
169 16 - Enable messages related to DAT, ARP snooping and parsing
170 32 - Enable messages related to network coding
171 64 - Enable messages related to multicast
172 128 - Enable messages related to throughput meter
173 255 - Enable all messages
175 The debug output can be changed at runtime using the file
176 /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level. e.g.
178 # echo 6 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level
180 will enable debug messages for when routes change.
182 Counters for different types of packets entering and leaving the
183 batman-adv module are available through ethtool:
185 # ethtool --statistics bat0
191 As batman advanced operates on layer 2 all hosts participating in
192 the virtual switch are completely transparent for all protocols
193 above layer 2. Therefore the common diagnosis tools do not work
194 as expected. To overcome these problems batctl was created. At
195 the moment the batctl contains ping, traceroute, tcpdump and
196 interfaces to the kernel module settings.
198 For more information, please see the manpage (man batctl).
200 batctl is available on https://www.open-mesh.org/
206 Please send us comments, experiences, questions, anything :)
208 IRC: #batman on irc.freenode.org
209 Mailing-list: b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.org (optional subscription
210 at https://lists.open-mesh.org/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n)
212 You can also contact the Authors:
214 Marek Lindner <mareklindner@neomailbox.ch>
215 Simon Wunderlich <sw@simonwunderlich.de>