Merge tag 'sched-urgent-2020-12-27' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel...

[linux/fpc-iii.git] / samples / nitro_enclaves / ne_ioctl_sample.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright 2020 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 */

/**
 * DOC: Sample flow of using the ioctl interface provided by the Nitro Enclaves (NE)
 * kernel driver.
 *
 * Usage
 * -----
 *
 * Load the nitro_enclaves module, setting also the enclave CPU pool. The
 * enclave CPUs need to be full cores from the same NUMA node. CPU 0 and its
 * siblings have to remain available for the primary / parent VM, so they
 * cannot be included in the enclave CPU pool.
 *
 * See the cpu list section from the kernel documentation.
 * https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html#cpu-lists
 *
 *      insmod drivers/virt/nitro_enclaves/nitro_enclaves.ko
 *      lsmod
 *
 *      The CPU pool can be set at runtime, after the kernel module is loaded.
 *
 *      echo <cpu-list> > /sys/module/nitro_enclaves/parameters/ne_cpus
 *
 *      NUMA and CPU siblings information can be found using:
 *
 *      lscpu
 *      /proc/cpuinfo
 *
 * Check the online / offline CPU list. The CPUs from the pool should be
 * offlined.
 *
 *      lscpu
 *
 * Check dmesg for any warnings / errors through the NE driver lifetime / usage.
 * The NE logs contain the "nitro_enclaves" or "pci 0000:00:02.0" pattern.
 *
 *      dmesg
 *
 * Setup hugetlbfs huge pages. The memory needs to be from the same NUMA node as
 * the enclave CPUs.
 *
 * https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.html
 *
 * By default, the allocation of hugetlb pages are distributed on all possible
 * NUMA nodes. Use the following configuration files to set the number of huge
 * pages from a NUMA node:
 *
 *      /sys/devices/system/node/node<X>/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
 *      /sys/devices/system/node/node<X>/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
 *
 *      or, if not on a system with multiple NUMA nodes, can also set the number
 *      of 2 MiB / 1 GiB huge pages using
 *
 *      /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-2048kB/nr_hugepages
 *      /sys/kernel/mm/hugepages/hugepages-1048576kB/nr_hugepages
 *
 *      In this example 256 hugepages of 2 MiB are used.
 *
 * Build and run the NE sample.
 *
 *      make -C samples/nitro_enclaves clean
 *      make -C samples/nitro_enclaves
 *      ./samples/nitro_enclaves/ne_ioctl_sample <path_to_enclave_image>
 *
 * Unload the nitro_enclaves module.
 *
 *      rmmod nitro_enclaves
 *      lsmod
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/eventfd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/nitro_enclaves.h>
#include <linux/vm_sockets.h>

/**
 * NE_DEV_NAME - Nitro Enclaves (NE) misc device that provides the ioctl interface.
 */
#define NE_DEV_NAME                     "/dev/nitro_enclaves"

/**
 * NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME - Timeout in seconds for each poll event.
 */
#define NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME               (60)
/**
 * NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS - Timeout in milliseconds for each poll event.
 */
#define NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS            (NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME * 1000)

/**
 * NE_SLEEP_TIME - Amount of time in seconds for the process to keep the enclave alive.
 */
#define NE_SLEEP_TIME                   (300)

/**
 * NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS - Default number of vCPUs set for an enclave.
 */
#define NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS             (2)

/**
 * NE_MIN_MEM_REGION_SIZE - Minimum size of a memory region - 2 MiB.
 */
#define NE_MIN_MEM_REGION_SIZE          (2 * 1024 * 1024)

/**
 * NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS - Default number of memory regions of 2 MiB set for
 *                             an enclave.
 */
#define NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS       (256)

/**
 * NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_CID - Vsock CID for enclave image loading heartbeat logic.
 */
#define NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_CID     (3)
/**
 * NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_PORT - Vsock port for enclave image loading heartbeat logic.
 */
#define NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_PORT    (9000)
/**
 * NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE - Heartbeat value for enclave image loading.
 */
#define NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE   (0xb7)

/**
 * struct ne_user_mem_region - User space memory region set for an enclave.
 * @userspace_addr:     Address of the user space memory region.
 * @memory_size:        Size of the user space memory region.
 */
struct ne_user_mem_region {
        void    *userspace_addr;
        size_t  memory_size;
};

/**
 * ne_create_vm() - Create a slot for the enclave VM.
 * @ne_dev_fd:          The file descriptor of the NE misc device.
 * @slot_uid:           The generated slot uid for the enclave.
 * @enclave_fd :        The generated file descriptor for the enclave.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_create_vm(int ne_dev_fd, unsigned long *slot_uid, int *enclave_fd)
{
        int rc = -EINVAL;
        *enclave_fd = ioctl(ne_dev_fd, NE_CREATE_VM, slot_uid);

        if (*enclave_fd < 0) {
                rc = *enclave_fd;
                switch (errno) {
                case NE_ERR_NO_CPUS_AVAIL_IN_POOL: {
                        printf("Error in create VM, no CPUs available in the NE CPU pool\n");

                        break;
                }

                default:
                        printf("Error in create VM [%m]\n");
                }

                return rc;
        }

        return 0;
}


/**
 * ne_poll_enclave_fd() - Thread function for polling the enclave fd.
 * @data:       Argument provided for the polling function.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * NULL on success / failure.
 */
void *ne_poll_enclave_fd(void *data)
{
        int enclave_fd = *(int *)data;
        struct pollfd fds[1] = {};
        int i = 0;
        int rc = -EINVAL;

        printf("Running from poll thread, enclave fd %d\n", enclave_fd);

        fds[0].fd = enclave_fd;
        fds[0].events = POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP;

        /* Keep on polling until the current process is terminated. */
        while (1) {
                printf("[iter %d] Polling ...\n", i);

                rc = poll(fds, 1, NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        printf("Error in poll [%m]\n");

                        return NULL;
                }

                i++;

                if (!rc) {
                        printf("Poll: %d seconds elapsed\n",
                               i * NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME);

                        continue;
                }

                printf("Poll received value 0x%x\n", fds[0].revents);

                if (fds[0].revents & POLLHUP) {
                        printf("Received POLLHUP\n");

                        return NULL;
                }

                if (fds[0].revents & POLLNVAL) {
                        printf("Received POLLNVAL\n");

                        return NULL;
                }
        }

        return NULL;
}

/**
 * ne_alloc_user_mem_region() - Allocate a user space memory region for an enclave.
 * @ne_user_mem_region: User space memory region allocated using hugetlbfs.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_alloc_user_mem_region(struct ne_user_mem_region *ne_user_mem_region)
{
        /**
         * Check available hugetlb encodings for different huge page sizes in
         * include/uapi/linux/mman.h.
         */
        ne_user_mem_region->userspace_addr = mmap(NULL, ne_user_mem_region->memory_size,
                                                  PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                                                  MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS |
                                                  MAP_HUGETLB | MAP_HUGE_2MB, -1, 0);
        if (ne_user_mem_region->userspace_addr == MAP_FAILED) {
                printf("Error in mmap memory [%m]\n");

                return -1;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * ne_load_enclave_image() - Place the enclave image in the enclave memory.
 * @enclave_fd :                The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
 * @ne_user_mem_regions:        User space memory regions allocated for the enclave.
 * @enclave_image_path :        The file path of the enclave image.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_load_enclave_image(int enclave_fd, struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_regions[],
                                 char *enclave_image_path)
{
        unsigned char *enclave_image = NULL;
        int enclave_image_fd = -1;
        size_t enclave_image_size = 0;
        size_t enclave_memory_size = 0;
        unsigned long i = 0;
        size_t image_written_bytes = 0;
        struct ne_image_load_info image_load_info = {
                .flags = NE_EIF_IMAGE,
        };
        struct stat image_stat_buf = {};
        int rc = -EINVAL;
        size_t temp_image_offset = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++)
                enclave_memory_size += ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size;

        rc = stat(enclave_image_path, &image_stat_buf);
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in get image stat info [%m]\n");

                return rc;
        }

        enclave_image_size = image_stat_buf.st_size;

        if (enclave_memory_size < enclave_image_size) {
                printf("The enclave memory is smaller than the enclave image size\n");

                return -ENOMEM;
        }

        rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_GET_IMAGE_LOAD_INFO, &image_load_info);
        if (rc < 0) {
                switch (errno) {
                case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
                        printf("Error in get image load info, enclave not in init state\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_FLAG_VALUE: {
                        printf("Error in get image load info, provided invalid flag\n");

                        break;
                }

                default:
                        printf("Error in get image load info [%m]\n");
                }

                return rc;
        }

        printf("Enclave image offset in enclave memory is %lld\n",
               image_load_info.memory_offset);

        enclave_image_fd = open(enclave_image_path, O_RDONLY);
        if (enclave_image_fd < 0) {
                printf("Error in open enclave image file [%m]\n");

                return enclave_image_fd;
        }

        enclave_image = mmap(NULL, enclave_image_size, PROT_READ,
                             MAP_PRIVATE, enclave_image_fd, 0);
        if (enclave_image == MAP_FAILED) {
                printf("Error in mmap enclave image [%m]\n");

                return -1;
        }

        temp_image_offset = image_load_info.memory_offset;

        for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++) {
                size_t bytes_to_write = 0;
                size_t memory_offset = 0;
                size_t memory_size = ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size;
                size_t remaining_bytes = 0;
                void *userspace_addr = ne_user_mem_regions[i].userspace_addr;

                if (temp_image_offset >= memory_size) {
                        temp_image_offset -= memory_size;

                        continue;
                } else if (temp_image_offset != 0) {
                        memory_offset = temp_image_offset;
                        memory_size -= temp_image_offset;
                        temp_image_offset = 0;
                }

                remaining_bytes = enclave_image_size - image_written_bytes;
                bytes_to_write = memory_size < remaining_bytes ?
                                 memory_size : remaining_bytes;

                memcpy(userspace_addr + memory_offset,
                       enclave_image + image_written_bytes, bytes_to_write);

                image_written_bytes += bytes_to_write;

                if (image_written_bytes == enclave_image_size)
                        break;
        }

        munmap(enclave_image, enclave_image_size);

        close(enclave_image_fd);

        return 0;
}

/**
 * ne_set_user_mem_region() - Set a user space memory region for the given enclave.
 * @enclave_fd :                The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
 * @ne_user_mem_region :        User space memory region to be set for the enclave.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_set_user_mem_region(int enclave_fd, struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_region)
{
        struct ne_user_memory_region mem_region = {
                .flags = NE_DEFAULT_MEMORY_REGION,
                .memory_size = ne_user_mem_region.memory_size,
                .userspace_addr = (__u64)ne_user_mem_region.userspace_addr,
        };
        int rc = -EINVAL;

        rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_SET_USER_MEMORY_REGION, &mem_region);
        if (rc < 0) {
                switch (errno) {
                case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, enclave not in init state\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_MEM_REGION_SIZE: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, mem size not multiple of 2 MiB\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_MEM_REGION_ADDR: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, invalid user space address\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_UNALIGNED_MEM_REGION_ADDR: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, unaligned user space address\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_MEM_REGION_ALREADY_USED: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, memory region already used\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_MEM_NOT_HUGE_PAGE: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, not backed by huge pages\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_MEM_DIFFERENT_NUMA_NODE: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, different NUMA node than CPUs\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_MEM_MAX_REGIONS: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, max memory regions reached\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_PAGE_SIZE: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, has page not multiple of 2 MiB\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_FLAG_VALUE: {
                        printf("Error in set user memory region, provided invalid flag\n");

                        break;
                }

                default:
                        printf("Error in set user memory region [%m]\n");
                }

                return rc;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * ne_free_mem_regions() - Unmap all the user space memory regions that were set
 *                         aside for the enclave.
 * @ne_user_mem_regions:        The user space memory regions associated with an enclave.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 */
static void ne_free_mem_regions(struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_regions[])
{
        unsigned int i = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++)
                munmap(ne_user_mem_regions[i].userspace_addr,
                       ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size);
}

/**
 * ne_add_vcpu() - Add a vCPU to the given enclave.
 * @enclave_fd :        The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
 * @vcpu_id:            vCPU id to be set for the enclave, either provided or
 *                      auto-generated (if provided vCPU id is 0).
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_add_vcpu(int enclave_fd, unsigned int *vcpu_id)
{
        int rc = -EINVAL;

        rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_ADD_VCPU, vcpu_id);
        if (rc < 0) {
                switch (errno) {
                case NE_ERR_NO_CPUS_AVAIL_IN_POOL: {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, no CPUs available in the NE CPU pool\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_VCPU_ALREADY_USED: {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, the provided vCPU is already used\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_VCPU_NOT_IN_CPU_POOL: {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, the provided vCPU is not in the NE CPU pool\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_VCPU_INVALID_CPU_CORE: {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, the core id of the provided vCPU is invalid\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, enclave not in init state\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_VCPU: {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, the provided vCPU is out of avail CPUs range\n");

                        break;
                }

                default:
                        printf("Error in add vcpu [%m]\n");

                }
                return rc;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * ne_start_enclave() - Start the given enclave.
 * @enclave_fd :                The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
 * @enclave_start_info :        Enclave metadata used for starting e.g. vsock CID.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_start_enclave(int enclave_fd,  struct ne_enclave_start_info *enclave_start_info)
{
        int rc = -EINVAL;

        rc = ioctl(enclave_fd, NE_START_ENCLAVE, enclave_start_info);
        if (rc < 0) {
                switch (errno) {
                case NE_ERR_NOT_IN_INIT_STATE: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, enclave not in init state\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_NO_MEM_REGIONS_ADDED: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, no memory regions have been added\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_NO_VCPUS_ADDED: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, no vCPUs have been added\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_FULL_CORES_NOT_USED: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, enclave has no full cores set\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_ENCLAVE_MEM_MIN_SIZE: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, enclave memory is less than min size\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_FLAG_VALUE: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, provided invalid flag\n");

                        break;
                }

                case NE_ERR_INVALID_ENCLAVE_CID: {
                        printf("Error in start enclave, provided invalid enclave CID\n");

                        break;
                }

                default:
                        printf("Error in start enclave [%m]\n");
                }

                return rc;
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * ne_start_enclave_check_booted() - Start the enclave and wait for a hearbeat
 *                                   from it, on a newly created vsock channel,
 *                                   to check it has booted.
 * @enclave_fd :        The file descriptor associated with the enclave.
 *
 * Context: Process context.
 * Return:
 * * 0 on success.
 * * Negative return value on failure.
 */
static int ne_start_enclave_check_booted(int enclave_fd)
{
        struct sockaddr_vm client_vsock_addr = {};
        int client_vsock_fd = -1;
        socklen_t client_vsock_len = sizeof(client_vsock_addr);
        struct ne_enclave_start_info enclave_start_info = {};
        struct pollfd fds[1] = {};
        int rc = -EINVAL;
        unsigned char recv_buf = 0;
        struct sockaddr_vm server_vsock_addr = {
                .svm_family = AF_VSOCK,
                .svm_cid = NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_CID,
                .svm_port = NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_PORT,
        };
        int server_vsock_fd = -1;

        server_vsock_fd = socket(AF_VSOCK, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if (server_vsock_fd < 0) {
                rc = server_vsock_fd;

                printf("Error in socket [%m]\n");

                return rc;
        }

        rc = bind(server_vsock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server_vsock_addr,
                  sizeof(server_vsock_addr));
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in bind [%m]\n");

                goto out;
        }

        rc = listen(server_vsock_fd, 1);
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in listen [%m]\n");

                goto out;
        }

        rc = ne_start_enclave(enclave_fd, &enclave_start_info);
        if (rc < 0)
                goto out;

        printf("Enclave started, CID %llu\n", enclave_start_info.enclave_cid);

        fds[0].fd = server_vsock_fd;
        fds[0].events = POLLIN;

        rc = poll(fds, 1, NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS);
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in poll [%m]\n");

                goto out;
        }

        if (!rc) {
                printf("Poll timeout, %d seconds elapsed\n", NE_POLL_WAIT_TIME);

                rc = -ETIMEDOUT;

                goto out;
        }

        if ((fds[0].revents & POLLIN) == 0) {
                printf("Poll received value %d\n", fds[0].revents);

                rc = -EINVAL;

                goto out;
        }

        rc = accept(server_vsock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_vsock_addr,
                    &client_vsock_len);
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in accept [%m]\n");

                goto out;
        }

        client_vsock_fd = rc;

        /*
         * Read the heartbeat value that the init process in the enclave sends
         * after vsock connect.
         */
        rc = read(client_vsock_fd, &recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf));
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in read [%m]\n");

                goto out;
        }

        if (rc != sizeof(recv_buf) || recv_buf != NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE) {
                printf("Read %d instead of %d\n", recv_buf,
                       NE_IMAGE_LOAD_HEARTBEAT_VALUE);

                goto out;
        }

        /* Write the heartbeat value back. */
        rc = write(client_vsock_fd, &recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf));
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in write [%m]\n");

                goto out;
        }

        rc = 0;

out:
        close(server_vsock_fd);

        return rc;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
        int enclave_fd = -1;
        unsigned int i = 0;
        int ne_dev_fd = -1;
        struct ne_user_mem_region ne_user_mem_regions[NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS] = {};
        unsigned int ne_vcpus[NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS] = {};
        int rc = -EINVAL;
        pthread_t thread_id = 0;
        unsigned long slot_uid = 0;

        if (argc != 2) {
                printf("Usage: %s <path_to_enclave_image>\n", argv[0]);

                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        if (strlen(argv[1]) >= PATH_MAX) {
                printf("The size of the path to enclave image is higher than max path\n");

                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        ne_dev_fd = open(NE_DEV_NAME, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
        if (ne_dev_fd < 0) {
                printf("Error in open NE device [%m]\n");

                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        printf("Creating enclave slot ...\n");

        rc = ne_create_vm(ne_dev_fd, &slot_uid, &enclave_fd);

        close(ne_dev_fd);

        if (rc < 0)
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);

        printf("Enclave fd %d\n", enclave_fd);

        rc = pthread_create(&thread_id, NULL, ne_poll_enclave_fd, (void *)&enclave_fd);
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in thread create [%m]\n");

                close(enclave_fd);

                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
        }

        for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++) {
                ne_user_mem_regions[i].memory_size = NE_MIN_MEM_REGION_SIZE;

                rc = ne_alloc_user_mem_region(&ne_user_mem_regions[i]);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        printf("Error in alloc userspace memory region, iter %d\n", i);

                        goto release_enclave_fd;
                }
        }

        rc = ne_load_enclave_image(enclave_fd, ne_user_mem_regions, argv[1]);
        if (rc < 0)
                goto release_enclave_fd;

        for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_MEM_REGIONS; i++) {
                rc = ne_set_user_mem_region(enclave_fd, ne_user_mem_regions[i]);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        printf("Error in set memory region, iter %d\n", i);

                        goto release_enclave_fd;
                }
        }

        printf("Enclave memory regions were added\n");

        for (i = 0; i < NE_DEFAULT_NR_VCPUS; i++) {
                /*
                 * The vCPU is chosen from the enclave vCPU pool, if the value
                 * of the vcpu_id is 0.
                 */
                ne_vcpus[i] = 0;
                rc = ne_add_vcpu(enclave_fd, &ne_vcpus[i]);
                if (rc < 0) {
                        printf("Error in add vcpu, iter %d\n", i);

                        goto release_enclave_fd;
                }

                printf("Added vCPU %d to the enclave\n", ne_vcpus[i]);
        }

        printf("Enclave vCPUs were added\n");

        rc = ne_start_enclave_check_booted(enclave_fd);
        if (rc < 0) {
                printf("Error in the enclave start / image loading heartbeat logic [rc=%d]\n", rc);

                goto release_enclave_fd;
        }

        printf("Entering sleep for %d seconds ...\n", NE_SLEEP_TIME);

        sleep(NE_SLEEP_TIME);

        close(enclave_fd);

        ne_free_mem_regions(ne_user_mem_regions);

        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

release_enclave_fd:
        close(enclave_fd);
        ne_free_mem_regions(ne_user_mem_regions);

        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}