1 .. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
2 .. document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
3 .. Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
4 .. Foundation, with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts
5 .. and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included at
6 .. Documentation/userspace-api/media/fdl-appendix.rst.
8 .. TODO: replace it to GFDL-1.1-or-later WITH no-invariant-sections
16 Devices typically have a number of user-settable controls such as
17 brightness, saturation and so on, which would be presented to the user
18 on a graphical user interface. But, different devices will have
19 different controls available, and furthermore, the range of possible
20 values, and the default value will vary from device to device. The
21 control ioctls provide the information and a mechanism to create a nice
22 user interface for these controls that will work correctly with any
25 All controls are accessed using an ID value. V4L2 defines several IDs
26 for specific purposes. Drivers can also implement their own custom
27 controls using ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` [#f1]_ and higher values. The
28 pre-defined control IDs have the prefix ``V4L2_CID_``, and are listed in
29 :ref:`control-id`. The ID is used when querying the attributes of a
30 control, and when getting or setting the current value.
32 Generally applications should present controls to the user without
33 assumptions about their purpose. Each control comes with a name string
34 the user is supposed to understand. When the purpose is non-intuitive
35 the driver writer should provide a user manual, a user interface plug-in
36 or a driver specific panel application. Predefined IDs were introduced
37 to change a few controls programmatically, for example to mute a device
38 during a channel switch.
40 Drivers may enumerate different controls after switching the current
41 video input or output, tuner or modulator, or audio input or output.
42 Different in the sense of other bounds, another default and current
43 value, step size or other menu items. A control with a certain *custom*
44 ID can also change name and type.
46 If a control is not applicable to the current configuration of the
47 device (for example, it doesn't apply to the current video input)
48 drivers set the ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_INACTIVE`` flag.
50 Control values are stored globally, they do not change when switching
51 except to stay within the reported bounds. They also do not change e. g.
52 when the device is opened or closed, when the tuner radio frequency is
53 changed or generally never without application request.
55 V4L2 specifies an event mechanism to notify applications when controls
57 :ref:`VIDIOC_SUBSCRIBE_EVENT`, event
58 ``V4L2_EVENT_CTRL``), panel applications might want to make use of that
59 in order to always reflect the correct control value.
61 All controls use machine endianness.
70 First predefined ID, equal to ``V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS``.
72 ``V4L2_CID_USER_BASE``
73 Synonym of ``V4L2_CID_BASE``.
75 ``V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS`` ``(integer)``
76 Picture brightness, or more precisely, the black level.
78 ``V4L2_CID_CONTRAST`` ``(integer)``
79 Picture contrast or luma gain.
81 ``V4L2_CID_SATURATION`` ``(integer)``
82 Picture color saturation or chroma gain.
84 ``V4L2_CID_HUE`` ``(integer)``
87 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME`` ``(integer)``
88 Overall audio volume. Note some drivers also provide an OSS or ALSA
91 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_BALANCE`` ``(integer)``
92 Audio stereo balance. Minimum corresponds to all the way left,
95 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_BASS`` ``(integer)``
96 Audio bass adjustment.
98 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_TREBLE`` ``(integer)``
99 Audio treble adjustment.
101 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE`` ``(boolean)``
102 Mute audio, i. e. set the volume to zero, however without affecting
103 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_VOLUME``. Like ALSA drivers, V4L2 drivers must mute
104 at load time to avoid excessive noise. Actually the entire device
105 should be reset to a low power consumption state.
107 ``V4L2_CID_AUDIO_LOUDNESS`` ``(boolean)``
108 Loudness mode (bass boost).
110 ``V4L2_CID_BLACK_LEVEL`` ``(integer)``
111 Another name for brightness (not a synonym of
112 ``V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS``). This control is deprecated and should not
113 be used in new drivers and applications.
115 ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE`` ``(boolean)``
116 Automatic white balance (cameras).
118 ``V4L2_CID_DO_WHITE_BALANCE`` ``(button)``
119 This is an action control. When set (the value is ignored), the
120 device will do a white balance and then hold the current setting.
121 Contrast this with the boolean ``V4L2_CID_AUTO_WHITE_BALANCE``,
122 which, when activated, keeps adjusting the white balance.
124 ``V4L2_CID_RED_BALANCE`` ``(integer)``
127 ``V4L2_CID_BLUE_BALANCE`` ``(integer)``
130 ``V4L2_CID_GAMMA`` ``(integer)``
133 ``V4L2_CID_WHITENESS`` ``(integer)``
134 Whiteness for grey-scale devices. This is a synonym for
135 ``V4L2_CID_GAMMA``. This control is deprecated and should not be
136 used in new drivers and applications.
138 ``V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE`` ``(integer)``
139 Exposure (cameras). [Unit?]
141 ``V4L2_CID_AUTOGAIN`` ``(boolean)``
142 Automatic gain/exposure control.
144 ``V4L2_CID_GAIN`` ``(integer)``
147 Primarily used to control gain on e.g. TV tuners but also on
148 webcams. Most devices control only digital gain with this control
149 but on some this could include analogue gain as well. Devices that
150 recognise the difference between digital and analogue gain use
151 controls ``V4L2_CID_DIGITAL_GAIN`` and ``V4L2_CID_ANALOGUE_GAIN``.
153 ``V4L2_CID_HFLIP`` ``(boolean)``
154 Mirror the picture horizontally.
156 ``V4L2_CID_VFLIP`` ``(boolean)``
157 Mirror the picture vertically.
159 .. _v4l2-power-line-frequency:
161 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY`` ``(enum)``
162 Enables a power line frequency filter to avoid flicker. Possible
163 values for ``enum v4l2_power_line_frequency`` are:
164 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_DISABLED`` (0),
165 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_50HZ`` (1),
166 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_60HZ`` (2) and
167 ``V4L2_CID_POWER_LINE_FREQUENCY_AUTO`` (3).
169 ``V4L2_CID_HUE_AUTO`` ``(boolean)``
170 Enables automatic hue control by the device. The effect of setting
171 ``V4L2_CID_HUE`` while automatic hue control is enabled is
172 undefined, drivers should ignore such request.
174 ``V4L2_CID_WHITE_BALANCE_TEMPERATURE`` ``(integer)``
175 This control specifies the white balance settings as a color
176 temperature in Kelvin. A driver should have a minimum of 2800
177 (incandescent) to 6500 (daylight). For more information about color
179 `Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_temperature>`__.
181 ``V4L2_CID_SHARPNESS`` ``(integer)``
182 Adjusts the sharpness filters in a camera. The minimum value
183 disables the filters, higher values give a sharper picture.
185 ``V4L2_CID_BACKLIGHT_COMPENSATION`` ``(integer)``
186 Adjusts the backlight compensation in a camera. The minimum value
187 disables backlight compensation.
189 ``V4L2_CID_CHROMA_AGC`` ``(boolean)``
190 Chroma automatic gain control.
192 ``V4L2_CID_CHROMA_GAIN`` ``(integer)``
193 Adjusts the Chroma gain control (for use when chroma AGC is
196 ``V4L2_CID_COLOR_KILLER`` ``(boolean)``
197 Enable the color killer (i. e. force a black & white image in case
198 of a weak video signal).
202 ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX`` ``(enum)``
203 Selects a color effect. The following values are defined:
207 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{5.5cm}|p{12cm}|
214 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_NONE``
215 - Color effect is disabled.
216 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_ANTIQUE``
217 - An aging (old photo) effect.
218 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_ART_FREEZE``
219 - Frost color effect.
220 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_AQUA``
221 - Water color, cool tone.
222 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_BW``
224 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_EMBOSS``
225 - Emboss, the highlights and shadows replace light/dark boundaries
226 and low contrast areas are set to a gray background.
227 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_GRASS_GREEN``
229 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_NEGATIVE``
231 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SEPIA``
233 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SKETCH``
235 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SKIN_WHITEN``
237 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SKY_BLUE``
239 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SOLARIZATION``
240 - Solarization, the image is partially reversed in tone, only color
241 values above or below a certain threshold are inverted.
242 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SILHOUETTE``
243 - Silhouette (outline).
244 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_VIVID``
246 * - ``V4L2_COLORFX_SET_CBCR``
247 - The Cb and Cr chroma components are replaced by fixed coefficients
248 determined by ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX_CBCR`` control.
252 ``V4L2_CID_COLORFX_CBCR`` ``(integer)``
253 Determines the Cb and Cr coefficients for ``V4L2_COLORFX_SET_CBCR``
254 color effect. Bits [7:0] of the supplied 32 bit value are
255 interpreted as Cr component, bits [15:8] as Cb component and bits
256 [31:16] must be zero.
258 ``V4L2_CID_AUTOBRIGHTNESS`` ``(boolean)``
259 Enable Automatic Brightness.
261 ``V4L2_CID_ROTATE`` ``(integer)``
262 Rotates the image by specified angle. Common angles are 90, 270 and
263 180. Rotating the image to 90 and 270 will reverse the height and
264 width of the display window. It is necessary to set the new height
265 and width of the picture using the
266 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_FMT <VIDIOC_G_FMT>` ioctl according to the
267 rotation angle selected.
269 ``V4L2_CID_BG_COLOR`` ``(integer)``
270 Sets the background color on the current output device. Background
271 color needs to be specified in the RGB24 format. The supplied 32 bit
272 value is interpreted as bits 0-7 Red color information, bits 8-15
273 Green color information, bits 16-23 Blue color information and bits
276 ``V4L2_CID_ILLUMINATORS_1 V4L2_CID_ILLUMINATORS_2`` ``(boolean)``
277 Switch on or off the illuminator 1 or 2 of the device (usually a
280 ``V4L2_CID_MIN_BUFFERS_FOR_CAPTURE`` ``(integer)``
281 This is a read-only control that can be read by the application and
282 used as a hint to determine the number of CAPTURE buffers to pass to
283 REQBUFS. The value is the minimum number of CAPTURE buffers that is
284 necessary for hardware to work.
286 ``V4L2_CID_MIN_BUFFERS_FOR_OUTPUT`` ``(integer)``
287 This is a read-only control that can be read by the application and
288 used as a hint to determine the number of OUTPUT buffers to pass to
289 REQBUFS. The value is the minimum number of OUTPUT buffers that is
290 necessary for hardware to work.
292 .. _v4l2-alpha-component:
294 ``V4L2_CID_ALPHA_COMPONENT`` ``(integer)``
295 Sets the alpha color component. When a capture device (or capture
296 queue of a mem-to-mem device) produces a frame format that includes
297 an alpha component (e.g.
298 :ref:`packed RGB image formats <pixfmt-rgb>`) and the alpha value
299 is not defined by the device or the mem-to-mem input data this
300 control lets you select the alpha component value of all pixels.
301 When an output device (or output queue of a mem-to-mem device)
302 consumes a frame format that doesn't include an alpha component and
303 the device supports alpha channel processing this control lets you
304 set the alpha component value of all pixels for further processing
308 End of the predefined control IDs (currently
309 ``V4L2_CID_ALPHA_COMPONENT`` + 1).
311 ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE``
312 ID of the first custom (driver specific) control. Applications
313 depending on particular custom controls should check the driver name
314 and version, see :ref:`querycap`.
316 Applications can enumerate the available controls with the
317 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` and
318 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYMENU <VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL>` ioctls, get and set a
319 control value with the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` and
320 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_CTRL <VIDIOC_G_CTRL>` ioctls. Drivers must implement
321 ``VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL``, ``VIDIOC_G_CTRL`` and ``VIDIOC_S_CTRL`` when the
322 device has one or more controls, ``VIDIOC_QUERYMENU`` when it has one or
323 more menu type controls.
326 .. _enum_all_controls:
328 Example: Enumerating all controls
329 =================================
333 struct v4l2_queryctrl queryctrl;
334 struct v4l2_querymenu querymenu;
336 static void enumerate_menu(__u32 id)
338 printf(" Menu items:\\n");
340 memset(&querymenu, 0, sizeof(querymenu));
343 for (querymenu.index = queryctrl.minimum;
344 querymenu.index <= queryctrl.maximum;
346 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYMENU, &querymenu)) {
347 printf(" %s\\n", querymenu.name);
352 memset(&queryctrl, 0, sizeof(queryctrl));
354 queryctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL;
355 while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
356 if (!(queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)) {
357 printf("Control %s\\n", queryctrl.name);
359 if (queryctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
360 enumerate_menu(queryctrl.id);
363 queryctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL;
365 if (errno != EINVAL) {
366 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
370 Example: Enumerating all controls including compound controls
371 =============================================================
375 struct v4l2_query_ext_ctrl query_ext_ctrl;
377 memset(&query_ext_ctrl, 0, sizeof(query_ext_ctrl));
379 query_ext_ctrl.id = V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL | V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_COMPOUND;
380 while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL, &query_ext_ctrl)) {
381 if (!(query_ext_ctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)) {
382 printf("Control %s\\n", query_ext_ctrl.name);
384 if (query_ext_ctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
385 enumerate_menu(query_ext_ctrl.id);
388 query_ext_ctrl.id |= V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL | V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_COMPOUND;
390 if (errno != EINVAL) {
391 perror("VIDIOC_QUERY_EXT_CTRL");
395 Example: Enumerating all user controls (old style)
396 ==================================================
401 memset(&queryctrl, 0, sizeof(queryctrl));
403 for (queryctrl.id = V4L2_CID_BASE;
404 queryctrl.id < V4L2_CID_LASTP1;
406 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
407 if (queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)
410 printf("Control %s\\n", queryctrl.name);
412 if (queryctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
413 enumerate_menu(queryctrl.id);
418 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
423 for (queryctrl.id = V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE;;
425 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
426 if (queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED)
429 printf("Control %s\\n", queryctrl.name);
431 if (queryctrl.type == V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_MENU)
432 enumerate_menu(queryctrl.id);
437 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
443 Example: Changing controls
444 ==========================
448 struct v4l2_queryctrl queryctrl;
449 struct v4l2_control control;
451 memset(&queryctrl, 0, sizeof(queryctrl));
452 queryctrl.id = V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS;
454 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, &queryctrl)) {
455 if (errno != EINVAL) {
456 perror("VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL");
459 printf("V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS is not supportedn");
461 } else if (queryctrl.flags & V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_DISABLED) {
462 printf("V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS is not supportedn");
464 memset(&control, 0, sizeof (control));
465 control.id = V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS;
466 control.value = queryctrl.default_value;
468 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &control)) {
469 perror("VIDIOC_S_CTRL");
474 memset(&control, 0, sizeof(control));
475 control.id = V4L2_CID_CONTRAST;
477 if (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, &control)) {
480 /* The driver may clamp the value or return ERANGE, ignored here */
482 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &control)
483 && errno != ERANGE) {
484 perror("VIDIOC_S_CTRL");
487 /* Ignore if V4L2_CID_CONTRAST is unsupported */
488 } else if (errno != EINVAL) {
489 perror("VIDIOC_G_CTRL");
493 control.id = V4L2_CID_AUDIO_MUTE;
494 control.value = 1; /* silence */
497 ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, &control);
500 The use of ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` is problematic because different
501 drivers may use the same ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` ID for different
502 controls. This makes it hard to programmatically set such controls
503 since the meaning of the control with that ID is driver dependent. In
504 order to resolve this drivers use unique IDs and the
505 ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` IDs are mapped to those unique IDs by the
506 kernel. Consider these ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` IDs as aliases to
509 Many applications today still use the ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` IDs
510 instead of using :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL` with
511 the ``V4L2_CTRL_FLAG_NEXT_CTRL`` flag to enumerate all IDs, so
512 support for ``V4L2_CID_PRIVATE_BASE`` is still around.