5 This document explains how GPIOs can be assigned to given devices and functions.
7 Note that it only applies to the new descriptor-based interface. For a
8 description of the deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to
9 gpio-legacy.txt (actually, there is no real mapping possible with the old
10 interface; you just fetch an integer from somewhere and request the
13 All platforms can enable the GPIO library, but if the platform strictly
14 requires GPIO functionality to be present, it needs to select GPIOLIB from its
15 Kconfig. Then, how GPIOs are mapped depends on what the platform uses to
16 describe its hardware layout. Currently, mappings can be defined through device
17 tree, ACPI, and platform data.
21 GPIOs can easily be mapped to devices and functions in the device tree. The
22 exact way to do it depends on the GPIO controller providing the GPIOs, see the
23 device tree bindings for your controller.
25 GPIOs mappings are defined in the consumer device's node, in a property named
26 <function>-gpios, where <function> is the function the driver will request
27 through gpiod_get(). For example::
30 compatible = "acme,foo";
32 led-gpios = <&gpio 15 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* red */
33 <&gpio 16 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* green */
34 <&gpio 17 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* blue */
36 power-gpios = <&gpio 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
39 Properties named <function>-gpio are also considered valid and old bindings use
40 it but are only supported for compatibility reasons and should not be used for
41 newer bindings since it has been deprecated.
43 This property will make GPIOs 15, 16 and 17 available to the driver under the
44 "led" function, and GPIO 1 as the "power" GPIO::
46 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
48 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
49 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
50 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
52 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
54 The led GPIOs will be active high, while the power GPIO will be active low (i.e.
55 gpiod_is_active_low(power) will be true).
57 The second parameter of the gpiod_get() functions, the con_id string, has to be
58 the <function>-prefix of the GPIO suffixes ("gpios" or "gpio", automatically
59 looked up by the gpiod functions internally) used in the device tree. With above
60 "led-gpios" example, use the prefix without the "-" as con_id parameter: "led".
62 Internally, the GPIO subsystem prefixes the GPIO suffix ("gpios" or "gpio")
63 with the string passed in con_id to get the resulting string
64 (``snprintf(... "%s-%s", con_id, gpio_suffixes[]``).
68 ACPI also supports function names for GPIOs in a similar fashion to DT.
69 The above DT example can be converted to an equivalent ACPI description
70 with the help of _DSD (Device Specific Data), introduced in ACPI 5.1::
73 Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
74 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
75 "\\_SB.GPI0") {15} // red
76 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
77 "\\_SB.GPI0") {16} // green
78 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
79 "\\_SB.GPI0") {17} // blue
80 GpioIo (Exclusive, ..., IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
81 "\\_SB.GPI0") {1} // power
84 Name (_DSD, Package () {
85 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
97 Package () {^FOO, 3, 0, 0},
103 For more information about the ACPI GPIO bindings see
104 Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/gpio-properties.rst.
108 Finally, GPIOs can be bound to devices and functions using platform data. Board
109 files that desire to do so need to include the following header::
111 #include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
113 GPIOs are mapped by the means of tables of lookups, containing instances of the
114 gpiod_lookup structure. Two macros are defined to help declaring such mappings::
116 GPIO_LOOKUP(chip_label, chip_hwnum, con_id, flags)
117 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(chip_label, chip_hwnum, con_id, idx, flags)
121 - chip_label is the label of the gpiod_chip instance providing the GPIO
122 - chip_hwnum is the hardware number of the GPIO within the chip
123 - con_id is the name of the GPIO function from the device point of view. It
124 can be NULL, in which case it will match any function.
125 - idx is the index of the GPIO within the function.
126 - flags is defined to specify the following properties:
127 * GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH - GPIO line is active high
128 * GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW - GPIO line is active low
129 * GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN - GPIO line is set up as open drain
130 * GPIO_OPEN_SOURCE - GPIO line is set up as open source
131 * GPIO_PERSISTENT - GPIO line is persistent during
132 suspend/resume and maintains its value
133 * GPIO_TRANSITORY - GPIO line is transitory and may loose its
134 electrical state during suspend/resume
136 In the future, these flags might be extended to support more properties.
138 Note that GPIO_LOOKUP() is just a shortcut to GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX() where idx = 0.
140 A lookup table can then be defined as follows, with an empty entry defining its
141 end. The 'dev_id' field of the table is the identifier of the device that will
142 make use of these GPIOs. It can be NULL, in which case it will be matched for
143 calls to gpiod_get() with a NULL device.
147 struct gpiod_lookup_table gpios_table = {
150 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 15, "led", 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
151 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 16, "led", 1, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
152 GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 17, "led", 2, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
153 GPIO_LOOKUP("gpio.0", 1, "power", GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
158 And the table can be added by the board code as follows::
160 gpiod_add_lookup_table(&gpios_table);
162 The driver controlling "foo.0" will then be able to obtain its GPIOs as follows::
164 struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
166 red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
167 green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
168 blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
170 power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
172 Since the "led" GPIOs are mapped as active-high, this example will switch their
173 signals to 1, i.e. enabling the LEDs. And for the "power" GPIO, which is mapped
174 as active-low, its actual signal will be 0 after this code. Contrary to the
175 legacy integer GPIO interface, the active-low property is handled during
176 mapping and is thus transparent to GPIO consumers.
178 A set of functions such as gpiod_set_value() is available to work with
179 the new descriptor-oriented interface.
181 Boards using platform data can also hog GPIO lines by defining GPIO hog tables.
185 struct gpiod_hog gpio_hog_table[] = {
186 GPIO_HOG("gpio.0", 10, "foo", GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH),
190 And the table can be added to the board code as follows::
192 gpiod_add_hogs(gpio_hog_table);
194 The line will be hogged as soon as the gpiochip is created or - in case the
195 chip was created earlier - when the hog table is registered.
199 In addition to requesting pins belonging to a function one by one, a device may
200 also request an array of pins assigned to the function. The way those pins are
201 mapped to the device determines if the array qualifies for fast bitmap
202 processing. If yes, a bitmap is passed over get/set array functions directly
203 between a caller and a respective .get/set_multiple() callback of a GPIO chip.
205 In order to qualify for fast bitmap processing, the array must meet the
206 following requirements:
208 - pin hardware number of array member 0 must also be 0,
209 - pin hardware numbers of consecutive array members which belong to the same
210 chip as member 0 does must also match their array indexes.
212 Otherwise fast bitmap processing path is not used in order to avoid consecutive
213 pins which belong to the same chip but are not in hardware order being processed
216 If the array applies for fast bitmap processing path, pins which belong to
217 different chips than member 0 does, as well as those with indexes different from
218 their hardware pin numbers, are excluded from the fast path, both input and
219 output. Moreover, open drain and open source pins are excluded from fast bitmap