1 ===================================
2 Writing s390 channel device drivers
3 ===================================
10 This document describes the interfaces available for device drivers that
11 drive s390 based channel attached I/O devices. This includes interfaces
12 for interaction with the hardware and interfaces for interacting with
13 the common driver core. Those interfaces are provided by the s390 common
16 The document assumes a familarity with the technical terms associated
17 with the s390 channel I/O architecture. For a description of this
18 architecture, please refer to the "z/Architecture: Principles of
19 Operation", IBM publication no. SA22-7832.
21 While most I/O devices on a s390 system are typically driven through the
22 channel I/O mechanism described here, there are various other methods
23 (like the diag interface). These are out of the scope of this document.
25 The s390 common I/O layer also provides access to some devices that are
26 not strictly considered I/O devices. They are considered here as well,
27 although they are not the focus of this document.
29 Some additional information can also be found in the kernel source under
30 Documentation/s390/driver-model.rst.
35 The css bus contains the subchannels available on the system. They fall
36 into several categories:
38 * Standard I/O subchannels, for use by the system. They have a child
39 device on the ccw bus and are described below.
40 * I/O subchannels bound to the vfio-ccw driver. See
41 Documentation/s390/vfio-ccw.rst.
42 * Message subchannels. No Linux driver currently exists.
43 * CHSC subchannels (at most one). The chsc subchannel driver can be used
44 to send asynchronous chsc commands.
45 * eADM subchannels. Used for talking to storage class memory.
50 The ccw bus typically contains the majority of devices available to a
51 s390 system. Named after the channel command word (ccw), the basic
52 command structure used to address its devices, the ccw bus contains
53 so-called channel attached devices. They are addressed via I/O
54 subchannels, visible on the css bus. A device driver for
55 channel-attached devices, however, will never interact with the
56 subchannel directly, but only via the I/O device on the ccw bus, the ccw
59 I/O functions for channel-attached devices
60 ------------------------------------------
62 Some hardware structures have been translated into C structures for use
63 by the common I/O layer and device drivers. For more information on the
64 hardware structures represented here, please consult the Principles of
67 .. kernel-doc:: arch/s390/include/asm/cio.h
73 Devices that want to initiate channel I/O need to attach to the ccw bus.
74 Interaction with the driver core is done via the common I/O layer, which
75 provides the abstractions of ccw devices and ccw device drivers.
77 The functions that initiate or terminate channel I/O all act upon a ccw
78 device structure. Device drivers must not bypass those functions or
79 strange side effects may happen.
81 .. kernel-doc:: arch/s390/include/asm/ccwdev.h
84 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/s390/cio/device.c
87 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/s390/cio/device_ops.c
90 The channel-measurement facility
91 --------------------------------
93 The channel-measurement facility provides a means to collect measurement
94 data which is made available by the channel subsystem for each channel
97 .. kernel-doc:: arch/s390/include/uapi/asm/cmb.h
100 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/s390/cio/cmf.c
106 The ccwgroup bus only contains artificial devices, created by the user.
107 Many networking devices (e.g. qeth) are in fact composed of several ccw
108 devices (like read, write and data channel for qeth). The ccwgroup bus
109 provides a mechanism to create a meta-device which contains those ccw
110 devices as slave devices and can be associated with the netdevice.
115 .. kernel-doc:: arch/s390/include/asm/ccwgroup.h
118 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/s390/cio/ccwgroup.c
124 The following section contains interfaces in use not only by drivers
125 dealing with ccw devices, but drivers for various other s390 hardware
131 The common I/O layer provides helper functions for dealing with adapter
132 interrupts and interrupt vectors.
134 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/s390/cio/airq.c