1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 ======================================
4 _DSD Device Properties Related to GPIO
5 ======================================
7 With the release of ACPI 5.1, the _DSD configuration object finally
8 allows names to be given to GPIOs (and other things as well) returned
9 by _CRS. Previously, we were only able to use an integer index to find
10 the corresponding GPIO, which is pretty error prone (it depends on
11 the _CRS output ordering, for example).
13 With _DSD we can now query GPIOs using a name instead of an integer
14 index, like the ASL example below shows::
16 // Bluetooth device with reset and shutdown GPIOs
21 Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate ()
23 GpioIo (Exclusive, PullUp, 0, 0, IoRestrictionInputOnly,
24 "\\_SB.GPO0", 0, ResourceConsumer) {15}
25 GpioIo (Exclusive, PullUp, 0, 0, IoRestrictionInputOnly,
26 "\\_SB.GPO0", 0, ResourceConsumer) {27, 31}
29 Name (_DSD, Package ()
31 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
34 Package () {"reset-gpios", Package() {^BTH, 1, 1, 0 }},
35 Package () {"shutdown-gpios", Package() {^BTH, 0, 0, 0 }},
40 The format of the supported GPIO property is::
42 Package () { "name", Package () { ref, index, pin, active_low }}
45 The device that has _CRS containing GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources,
46 typically this is the device itself (BTH in our case).
48 Index of the GpioIo()/GpioInt() resource in _CRS starting from zero.
50 Pin in the GpioIo()/GpioInt() resource. Typically this is zero.
52 If 1 the GPIO is marked as active_low.
54 Since ACPI GpioIo() resource does not have a field saying whether it is
55 active low or high, the "active_low" argument can be used here. Setting
56 it to 1 marks the GPIO as active low.
58 In our Bluetooth example the "reset-gpios" refers to the second GpioIo()
59 resource, second pin in that resource with the GPIO number of 31.
61 It is possible to leave holes in the array of GPIOs. This is useful in
62 cases like with SPI host controllers where some chip selects may be
63 implemented as GPIOs and some as native signals. For example a SPI host
64 controller can have chip selects 0 and 2 implemented as GPIOs and 1 as
70 ^GPIO, 19, 0, 0, // chip select 0: GPIO
71 0, // chip select 1: native signal
72 ^GPIO, 20, 0, 0, // chip select 2: GPIO
76 Other supported properties
77 ==========================
79 Following Device Tree compatible device properties are also supported by
80 _DSD device properties for GPIO controllers:
90 Name (_DSD, Package () {
91 // _DSD Hierarchical Properties Extension UUID
92 ToUUID("dbb8e3e6-5886-4ba6-8795-1319f52a966b"),
94 Package () {"hog-gpio8", "G8PU"}
98 Name (G8PU, Package () {
99 ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
101 Package () {"gpio-hog", 1},
102 Package () {"gpios", Package () {8, 0}},
103 Package () {"output-high", 1},
104 Package () {"line-name", "gpio8-pullup"},
115 "SPI0_CS_N", "EXP2_INT", "MUX6_IO", "UART0_RXD", "MUX7_IO",
116 "LVL_C_A1", "MUX0_IO", "SPI1_MISO"
120 See Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt for more information
121 about these properties.
123 ACPI GPIO Mappings Provided by Drivers
124 ======================================
126 There are systems in which the ACPI tables do not contain _DSD but provide _CRS
127 with GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources and device drivers still need to work with
130 In those cases ACPI device identification objects, _HID, _CID, _CLS, _SUB, _HRV,
131 available to the driver can be used to identify the device and that is supposed
132 to be sufficient to determine the meaning and purpose of all of the GPIO lines
133 listed by the GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources returned by _CRS. In other words,
134 the driver is supposed to know what to use the GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources for
135 once it has identified the device. Having done that, it can simply assign names
136 to the GPIO lines it is going to use and provide the GPIO subsystem with a
137 mapping between those names and the ACPI GPIO resources corresponding to them.
139 To do that, the driver needs to define a mapping table as a NULL-terminated
140 array of struct acpi_gpio_mapping objects that each contain a name, a pointer
141 to an array of line data (struct acpi_gpio_params) objects and the size of that
142 array. Each struct acpi_gpio_params object consists of three fields,
143 crs_entry_index, line_index, active_low, representing the index of the target
144 GpioIo()/GpioInt() resource in _CRS starting from zero, the index of the target
145 line in that resource starting from zero, and the active-low flag for that line,
146 respectively, in analogy with the _DSD GPIO property format specified above.
148 For the example Bluetooth device discussed previously the data structures in
149 question would look like this::
151 static const struct acpi_gpio_params reset_gpio = { 1, 1, false };
152 static const struct acpi_gpio_params shutdown_gpio = { 0, 0, false };
154 static const struct acpi_gpio_mapping bluetooth_acpi_gpios[] = {
155 { "reset-gpios", &reset_gpio, 1 },
156 { "shutdown-gpios", &shutdown_gpio, 1 },
160 Next, the mapping table needs to be passed as the second argument to
161 acpi_dev_add_driver_gpios() that will register it with the ACPI device object
162 pointed to by its first argument. That should be done in the driver's .probe()
163 routine. On removal, the driver should unregister its GPIO mapping table by
164 calling acpi_dev_remove_driver_gpios() on the ACPI device object where that
165 table was previously registered.
167 Using the _CRS fallback
168 =======================
170 If a device does not have _DSD or the driver does not create ACPI GPIO
171 mapping, the Linux GPIO framework refuses to return any GPIOs. This is
172 because the driver does not know what it actually gets. For example if we
173 have a device like below::
179 Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
180 GpioIo (Exclusive, PullNone, 0, 0, IoRestrictionNone,
181 "\\_SB.GPO0", 0, ResourceConsumer) {15}
182 GpioIo (Exclusive, PullNone, 0, 0, IoRestrictionNone,
183 "\\_SB.GPO0", 0, ResourceConsumer) {27}
187 The driver might expect to get the right GPIO when it does::
189 desc = gpiod_get(dev, "reset", GPIOD_OUT_LOW);
191 but since there is no way to know the mapping between "reset" and
192 the GpioIo() in _CRS desc will hold ERR_PTR(-ENOENT).
194 The driver author can solve this by passing the mapping explictly
195 (the recommended way and documented in the above chapter).
197 The ACPI GPIO mapping tables should not contaminate drivers that are not
198 knowing about which exact device they are servicing on. It implies that
199 the ACPI GPIO mapping tables are hardly linked to ACPI ID and certain
200 objects, as listed in the above chapter, of the device in question.
202 Getting GPIO descriptor
203 =======================
205 There are two main approaches to get GPIO resource from ACPI::
207 desc = gpiod_get(dev, connection_id, flags);
208 desc = gpiod_get_index(dev, connection_id, index, flags);
210 We may consider two different cases here, i.e. when connection ID is
211 provided and otherwise.
215 desc = gpiod_get(dev, "non-null-connection-id", flags);
216 desc = gpiod_get_index(dev, "non-null-connection-id", index, flags);
220 desc = gpiod_get(dev, NULL, flags);
221 desc = gpiod_get_index(dev, NULL, index, flags);
223 Case 1 assumes that corresponding ACPI device description must have
224 defined device properties and will prevent to getting any GPIO resources
227 Case 2 explicitly tells GPIO core to look for resources in _CRS.
229 Be aware that gpiod_get_index() in cases 1 and 2, assuming that there
230 are two versions of ACPI device description provided and no mapping is
231 present in the driver, will return different resources. That's why a
232 certain driver has to handle them carefully as explained in previous