1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 .. include:: <isonum.txt>
5 Kernel driver dell-smm-hwmon
6 ============================
8 :Copyright: |copy| 2002-2005 Massimo Dal Zotto <dz@debian.org>
9 :Copyright: |copy| 2019 Giovanni Mascellani <gio@debian.org>
14 On many Dell laptops the System Management Mode (SMM) BIOS can be
15 queried for the status of fans and temperature sensors. Userspace
16 utilities like ``sensors`` can be used to return the readings. The
17 userspace suite `i8kutils`__ can also be used to read the sensors and
18 automatically adjust fan speed (please notice that it currently uses
19 the deprecated ``/proc/i8k`` interface).
21 __ https://github.com/vitorafsr/i8kutils
26 Temperature sensors and fans can be queried and set via the standard
27 ``hwmon`` interface on ``sysfs``, under the directory
28 ``/sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX`` for some value of ``X`` (search for the
29 ``X`` such that ``/sys/class/hwmon/hwmonX/name`` has content
30 ``dell_smm``). A number of other attributes can be read or written:
32 =============================== ======= =======================================
34 =============================== ======= =======================================
35 fan[1-3]_input RO Fan speed in RPM.
36 fan[1-3]_label RO Fan label.
37 pwm[1-3] RW Control the fan PWM duty-cycle.
38 pwm1_enable WO Enable or disable automatic BIOS fan
39 control (not supported on all laptops,
40 see below for details).
41 temp[1-10]_input RO Temperature reading in milli-degrees
43 temp[1-10]_label RO Temperature sensor label.
44 =============================== ======= =======================================
46 Disabling automatic BIOS fan control
47 ------------------------------------
49 On some laptops the BIOS automatically sets fan speed every few
50 seconds. Therefore the fan speed set by mean of this driver is quickly
53 There is experimental support for disabling automatic BIOS fan
54 control, at least on laptops where the corresponding SMM command is
55 known, by writing the value ``1`` in the attribute ``pwm1_enable``
56 (writing ``2`` enables automatic BIOS control again). Even if you have
57 more than one fan, all of them are set to either enabled or disabled
58 automatic fan control at the same time and, notwithstanding the name,
59 ``pwm1_enable`` sets automatic control for all fans.
61 If ``pwm1_enable`` is not available, then it means that SMM codes for
62 enabling and disabling automatic BIOS fan control are not whitelisted
63 for your hardware. It is possible that codes that work for other
64 laptops actually work for yours as well, or that you have to discover
67 Check the list ``i8k_whitelist_fan_control`` in file
68 ``drivers/hwmon/dell-smm-hwmon.c`` in the kernel tree: as a first
69 attempt you can try to add your machine and use an already-known code
70 pair. If, after recompiling the kernel, you see that ``pwm1_enable``
71 is present and works (i.e., you can manually control the fan speed),
72 then please submit your finding as a kernel patch, so that other users
73 can benefit from it. Please see
74 :ref:`Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst <submittingpatches>`
75 for information on submitting patches.
77 If no known code works on your machine, you need to resort to do some
78 probing, because unfortunately Dell does not publish datasheets for
79 its SMM. You can experiment with the code in `this repository`__ to
80 probe the BIOS on your machine and discover the appropriate codes.
82 __ https://github.com/clopez/dellfan/
84 Again, when you find new codes, we'd be happy to have your patches!
90 Force loading without checking for supported
94 Continue probing hardware even if DMI data does not
98 Allow fan control only to processes with the
99 ``CAP_SYS_ADMIN`` capability set or processes run
100 as root when using the legacy ``/proc/i8k``
101 interface. In this case normal users will be able
102 to read temperature and fan status but not to
103 control the fan. If your notebook is shared with
104 other users and you don't trust them you may want
105 to use this option. (default: 1, only available
109 Report AC status in ``/proc/i8k``. (default: 0,
110 only available with ``CONFIG_I8K``)
113 Factor to multiply fan speed with. (default:
117 Maximum configurable fan speed. (default:
120 Legacy ``/proc`` interface
121 --------------------------
123 .. warning:: This interface is obsolete and deprecated and should not
124 used in new applications. This interface is only
125 available when kernel is compiled with option
128 The information provided by the kernel driver can be accessed by
129 simply reading the ``/proc/i8k`` file. For example::
132 1.0 A17 2J59L02 52 2 1 8040 6420 1 2
134 The fields read from ``/proc/i8k`` are::
136 1.0 A17 2J59L02 52 2 1 8040 6420 1 2
138 | | | | | | | | | +------- 10. buttons status
139 | | | | | | | | +--------- 9. AC status
140 | | | | | | | +-------------- 8. fan0 RPM
141 | | | | | | +------------------- 7. fan1 RPM
142 | | | | | +--------------------- 6. fan0 status
143 | | | | +----------------------- 5. fan1 status
144 | | | +-------------------------- 4. temp0 reading (Celsius)
145 | | +---------------------------------- 3. Dell service tag (later known as 'serial number')
146 | +-------------------------------------- 2. BIOS version
147 +------------------------------------------ 1. /proc/i8k format version
149 A negative value, for example -22, indicates that the BIOS doesn't
150 return the corresponding information. This is normal on some
153 For performance reasons the ``/proc/i8k`` doesn't report by default
154 the AC status since this SMM call takes a long time to execute and is
155 not really needed. If you want to see the ac status in ``/proc/i8k``
156 you must explictitly enable this option by passing the
157 ``power_status=1`` parameter to insmod. If AC status is not
158 available -1 is printed instead.
160 The driver provides also an ioctl interface which can be used to
161 obtain the same information and to control the fan status. The ioctl
162 interface can be accessed from C programs or from shell using the
163 i8kctl utility. See the source file of ``i8kutils`` for more
164 information on how to use the ioctl interface.