1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
6 CSI-2 is a data bus intended for transferring images from cameras to
7 the host SoC. It is defined by the `MIPI alliance`_.
9 .. _`MIPI alliance`: http://www.mipi.org/
14 CSI-2 transmitter, such as a sensor or a TV tuner, drivers need to
15 provide the CSI-2 receiver with information on the CSI-2 bus
16 configuration. These include the V4L2_CID_LINK_FREQ and
17 V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE controls and
18 (:c:type:`v4l2_subdev_video_ops`->s_stream() callback). These
19 interface elements must be present on the sub-device represents the
22 The V4L2_CID_LINK_FREQ control is used to tell the receiver driver the
23 frequency (and not the symbol rate) of the link. The
24 V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE is may be used by the receiver to obtain the pixel
25 rate the transmitter uses. The
26 :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_video_ops`->s_stream() callback provides an
27 ability to start and stop the stream.
29 The value of the V4L2_CID_PIXEL_RATE is calculated as follows::
31 pixel_rate = link_freq * 2 * nr_of_lanes / bits_per_sample
35 .. list-table:: variables in pixel rate calculation
38 * - variable or constant
41 - The value of the V4L2_CID_LINK_FREQ integer64 menu item.
43 - Number of data lanes used on the CSI-2 link. This can
44 be obtained from the OF endpoint configuration.
46 - Two bits are transferred per clock cycle per lane.
48 - Number of bits per sample.
50 The transmitter drivers must, if possible, configure the CSI-2
51 transmitter to *LP-11 mode* whenever the transmitter is powered on but
52 not active, and maintain *LP-11 mode* until stream on. Only at stream
53 on should the transmitter activate the clock on the clock lane and
54 transition to *HS mode*.
56 Some transmitters do this automatically but some have to be explicitly
57 programmed to do so, and some are unable to do so altogether due to
60 Stopping the transmitter
61 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
63 A transmitter stops sending the stream of images as a result of
64 calling the ``.s_stream()`` callback. Some transmitters may stop the
65 stream at a frame boundary whereas others stop immediately,
66 effectively leaving the current frame unfinished. The receiver driver
67 should not make assumptions either way, but function properly in both
73 Before the receiver driver may enable the CSI-2 transmitter by using
74 the :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_video_ops`->s_stream(), it must have powered
75 the transmitter up by using the
76 :c:type:`v4l2_subdev_core_ops`->s_power() callback. This may take
77 place either indirectly by using :c:func:`v4l2_pipeline_pm_use` or
83 The media bus pixel codes document parallel formats. Should the pixel data be
84 transported over a serial bus, the media bus pixel code that describes a
85 parallel format that transfers a sample on a single clock cycle is used.