1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 Philips webcams (pwc driver)
4 ============================
6 This file contains some additional information for the Philips and OEM webcams.
7 E-mail: webcam@smcc.demon.nl Last updated: 2004-01-19
8 Site: http://www.smcc.demon.nl/webcam/
10 As of this moment, the following cameras are supported:
22 * Creative Labs Webcam 5
23 * Creative Labs Webcam Pro Ex
24 * Logitech QuickCam 3000 Pro
25 * Logitech QuickCam 4000 Pro
26 * Logitech QuickCam Notebook Pro
27 * Logitech QuickCam Zoom
28 * Logitech QuickCam Orbit
29 * Logitech QuickCam Sphere
37 The main webpage for the Philips driver is at the address above. It contains
38 a lot of extra information, a FAQ, and the binary plugin 'PWCX'. This plugin
39 contains decompression routines that allow you to use higher image sizes and
40 framerates; in addition the webcam uses less bandwidth on the USB bus (handy
41 if you want to run more than 1 camera simultaneously). These routines fall
42 under a NDA, and may therefore not be distributed as source; however, its use
43 is completely optional.
45 You can build this code either into your kernel, or as a module. I recommend
46 the latter, since it makes troubleshooting a lot easier. The built-in
47 microphone is supported through the USB Audio class.
49 When you load the module you can set some default settings for the
50 camera; some programs depend on a particular image-size or -format and
51 don't know how to set it properly in the driver. The options are:
54 Can be one of 'sqcif', 'qsif', 'qcif', 'sif', 'cif' or
55 'vga', for an image size of resp. 128x96, 160x120, 176x144,
56 320x240, 352x288 and 640x480 (of course, only for those cameras that
57 support these resolutions).
60 Specifies the desired framerate. Is an integer in the range of 4-30.
63 This parameter specifies the number of internal buffers to use for storing
64 frames from the cam. This will help if the process that reads images from
65 the cam is a bit slow or momentarily busy. However, on slow machines it
66 only introduces lag, so choose carefully. The default is 3, which is
67 reasonable. You can set it between 2 and 5.
70 This is an integer between 1 and 10. It will tell the module the number of
71 buffers to reserve for mmap(), VIDIOCCGMBUF, VIDIOCMCAPTURE and friends.
72 The default is 2, which is adequate for most applications (double
75 Should you experience a lot of 'Dumping frame...' messages during
76 grabbing with a tool that uses mmap(), you might want to increase if.
77 However, it doesn't really buffer images, it just gives you a bit more
78 slack when your program is behind. But you need a multi-threaded or
79 forked program to really take advantage of these buffers.
81 The absolute maximum is 10, but don't set it too high! Every buffer takes
82 up 460 KB of RAM, so unless you have a lot of memory setting this to
83 something more than 4 is an absolute waste. This memory is only
84 allocated during open(), so nothing is wasted when the camera is not in
88 When power_save is enabled (set to 1), the module will try to shut down
89 the cam on close() and re-activate on open(). This will save power and
90 turn off the LED. Not all cameras support this though (the 645 and 646
91 don't have power saving at all), and some models don't work either (they
92 will shut down, but never wake up). Consider this experimental. By
93 default this option is disabled.
95 compression (only useful with the plugin)
96 With this option you can control the compression factor that the camera
97 uses to squeeze the image through the USB bus. You can set the
98 parameter between 0 and 3::
100 0 = prefer uncompressed images; if the requested mode is not available
101 in an uncompressed format, the driver will silently switch to low
104 2 = medium compression.
105 3 = high compression.
107 High compression takes less bandwidth of course, but it could also
108 introduce some unwanted artefacts. The default is 2, medium compression.
109 See the FAQ on the website for an overview of which modes require
112 The compression parameter does not apply to the 645 and 646 cameras
113 and OEM models derived from those (only a few). Most cams honour this
117 This settings takes 2 integers, that define the on/off time for the LED
118 (in milliseconds). One of the interesting things that you can do with
119 this is let the LED blink while the camera is in use. This::
123 will blink the LED once every second. But with::
127 the LED never goes on, making it suitable for silent surveillance.
129 By default the camera's LED is on solid while in use, and turned off
130 when the camera is not used anymore.
132 This parameter works only with the ToUCam range of cameras (720, 730, 740,
133 750) and OEMs. For other cameras this command is silently ignored, and
134 the LED cannot be controlled.
136 Finally: this parameters does not take effect UNTIL the first time you
137 open the camera device. Until then, the LED remains on.
140 A long standing problem with USB devices is their dynamic nature: you
141 never know what device a camera gets assigned; it depends on module load
142 order, the hub configuration, the order in which devices are plugged in,
143 and the phase of the moon (i.e. it can be random). With this option you
144 can give the driver a hint as to what video device node (/dev/videoX) it
145 should use with a specific camera. This is also handy if you have two
146 cameras of the same model.
148 A camera is specified by its type (the number from the camera model,
149 like PCA645, PCVC750VC, etc) and optionally the serial number (visible
150 in /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices). A hint consists of a string with the
153 [type[.serialnumber]:]node
155 The square brackets mean that both the type and the serialnumber are
156 optional, but a serialnumber cannot be specified without a type (which
157 would be rather pointless). The serialnumber is separated from the type
158 by a '.'; the node number by a ':'.
160 This somewhat cryptic syntax is best explained by a few examples::
162 dev_hint=3,5 The first detected cam gets assigned
163 /dev/video3, the second /dev/video5. Any
164 other cameras will get the first free
165 available slot (see below).
167 dev_hint=645:1,680:2 The PCA645 camera will get /dev/video1,
168 and a PCVC680 /dev/video2.
170 dev_hint=645.0123:3,645.4567:0 The PCA645 camera with serialnumber
171 0123 goes to /dev/video3, the same
172 camera model with the 4567 serial
175 dev_hint=750:1,4,5,6 The PCVC750 camera will get /dev/video1, the
176 next 3 Philips cams will use /dev/video4
179 Some points worth knowing:
181 - Serialnumbers are case sensitive and must be written full, including
182 leading zeroes (it's treated as a string).
183 - If a device node is already occupied, registration will fail and
184 the webcam is not available.
185 - You can have up to 64 video devices; be sure to make enough device
186 nodes in /dev if you want to spread the numbers.
187 After /dev/video9 comes /dev/video10 (not /dev/videoA).
188 - If a camera does not match any dev_hint, it will simply get assigned
189 the first available device node, just as it used to be.
192 In order to better detect problems, it is now possible to turn on a
193 'trace' of some of the calls the module makes; it logs all items in your
194 kernel log at debug level.
196 The trace variable is a bitmask; each bit represents a certain feature.
197 If you want to trace something, look up the bit value(s) in the table
198 below, add the values together and supply that to the trace variable.
200 ====== ======= ================================================ =======
201 Value Value Description Default
203 ====== ======= ================================================ =======
204 1 0x1 Module initialization; this will log messages On
205 while loading and unloading the module
207 2 0x2 probe() and disconnect() traces On
209 4 0x4 Trace open() and close() calls Off
211 8 0x8 read(), mmap() and associated ioctl() calls Off
213 16 0x10 Memory allocation of buffers, etc. Off
215 32 0x20 Showing underflow, overflow and Dumping frame On
218 64 0x40 Show viewport and image sizes Off
220 128 0x80 PWCX debugging Off
221 ====== ======= ================================================ =======
223 For example, to trace the open() & read() functions, sum 8 + 4 = 12,
224 so you would supply trace=12 during insmod or modprobe. If
225 you want to turn the initialization and probing tracing off, set trace=0.
226 The default value for trace is 35 (0x23).
232 # modprobe pwc size=cif fps=15 power_save=1
234 The fbufs, mbufs and trace parameters are global and apply to all connected
235 cameras. Each camera has its own set of buffers.
237 size and fps only specify defaults when you open() the device; this is to
238 accommodate some tools that don't set the size. You can change these
239 settings after open() with the Video4Linux ioctl() calls. The default of
240 defaults is QCIF size at 10 fps.
242 The compression parameter is semiglobal; it sets the initial compression
243 preference for all camera's, but this parameter can be set per camera with
244 the VIDIOCPWCSCQUAL ioctl() call.
246 All parameters are optional.