1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 The Linux USB Video Class (UVC) driver
4 ======================================
6 This file documents some driver-specific aspects of the UVC driver, such as
7 driver-specific ioctls and implementation notes.
9 Questions and remarks can be sent to the Linux UVC development mailing list at
10 linux-uvc-devel@lists.berlios.de.
13 Extension Unit (XU) support
14 ---------------------------
19 The UVC specification allows for vendor-specific extensions through extension
20 units (XUs). The Linux UVC driver supports extension unit controls (XU controls)
21 through two separate mechanisms:
23 - through mappings of XU controls to V4L2 controls
24 - through a driver-specific ioctl interface
26 The first one allows generic V4L2 applications to use XU controls by mapping
27 certain XU controls onto V4L2 controls, which then show up during ordinary
30 The second mechanism requires uvcvideo-specific knowledge for the application to
31 access XU controls but exposes the entire UVC XU concept to user space for
34 Both mechanisms complement each other and are described in more detail below.
40 The UVC driver provides an API for user space applications to define so-called
41 control mappings at runtime. These allow for individual XU controls or byte
42 ranges thereof to be mapped to new V4L2 controls. Such controls appear and
43 function exactly like normal V4L2 controls (i.e. the stock controls, such as
44 brightness, contrast, etc.). However, reading or writing of such a V4L2 controls
45 triggers a read or write of the associated XU control.
47 The ioctl used to create these control mappings is called UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP.
48 Previous driver versions (before 0.2.0) required another ioctl to be used
49 beforehand (UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD) to pass XU control information to the UVC driver.
50 This is no longer necessary as newer uvcvideo versions query the information
51 directly from the device.
53 For details on the UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP ioctl please refer to the section titled
54 "IOCTL reference" below.
57 3. Driver specific XU control interface
59 For applications that need to access XU controls directly, e.g. for testing
60 purposes, firmware upload, or accessing binary controls, a second mechanism to
61 access XU controls is provided in the form of a driver-specific ioctl, namely
64 A call to this ioctl allows applications to send queries to the UVC driver that
65 directly map to the low-level UVC control requests.
67 In order to make such a request the UVC unit ID of the control's extension unit
68 and the control selector need to be known. This information either needs to be
69 hardcoded in the application or queried using other ways such as by parsing the
70 UVC descriptor or, if available, using the media controller API to enumerate a
73 Unless the control size is already known it is necessary to first make a
74 UVC_GET_LEN requests in order to be able to allocate a sufficiently large buffer
75 and set the buffer size to the correct value. Similarly, to find out whether
76 UVC_GET_CUR or UVC_SET_CUR are valid requests for a given control, a
77 UVC_GET_INFO request should be made. The bits 0 (GET supported) and 1 (SET
78 supported) of the resulting byte indicate which requests are valid.
80 With the addition of the UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY ioctl the UVCIOC_CTRL_GET and
81 UVCIOC_CTRL_SET ioctls have become obsolete since their functionality is a
82 subset of the former ioctl. For the time being they are still supported but
83 application developers are encouraged to use UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY instead.
85 For details on the UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY ioctl please refer to the section titled
86 "IOCTL reference" below.
92 The API doesn't currently provide a fine-grained access control facility. The
93 UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD and UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP ioctls require super user permissions.
95 Suggestions on how to improve this are welcome.
101 In order to debug problems related to XU controls or controls in general it is
102 recommended to enable the UVC_TRACE_CONTROL bit in the module parameter 'trace'.
103 This causes extra output to be written into the system log.
109 UVCIOC_CTRL_MAP - Map a UVC control to a V4L2 control
110 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
112 Argument: struct uvc_xu_control_mapping
116 This ioctl creates a mapping between a UVC control or part of a UVC
117 control and a V4L2 control. Once mappings are defined, userspace
118 applications can access vendor-defined UVC control through the V4L2
121 To create a mapping, applications fill the uvc_xu_control_mapping
122 structure with information about an existing UVC control defined with
123 UVCIOC_CTRL_ADD and a new V4L2 control.
125 A UVC control can be mapped to several V4L2 controls. For instance,
126 a UVC pan/tilt control could be mapped to separate pan and tilt V4L2
127 controls. The UVC control is divided into non overlapping fields using
128 the 'size' and 'offset' fields and are then independently mapped to
131 For signed integer V4L2 controls the data_type field should be set to
132 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_SIGNED. Other values are currently ignored.
136 On success 0 is returned. On error -1 is returned and errno is set
140 Not enough memory to perform the operation.
142 Insufficient privileges (super user privileges are required).
146 The requested offset and size would overflow the UVC control.
148 Mapping already exists.
154 * struct uvc_xu_control_mapping
156 __u32 id V4L2 control identifier
157 __u8 name[32] V4L2 control name
158 __u8 entity[16] UVC extension unit GUID
159 __u8 selector UVC control selector
160 __u8 size V4L2 control size (in bits)
161 __u8 offset V4L2 control offset (in bits)
163 v4l2_type V4L2 control type
164 enum uvc_control_data_type
165 data_type UVC control data type
167 *menu_info Array of menu entries (for menu controls only)
168 __u32 menu_count Number of menu entries (for menu controls only)
170 * struct uvc_menu_info
172 __u32 value Menu entry value used by the device
173 __u8 name[32] Menu entry name
176 * enum uvc_control_data_type
178 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_RAW Raw control (byte array)
179 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_SIGNED Signed integer
180 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_UNSIGNED Unsigned integer
181 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_BOOLEAN Boolean
182 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_ENUM Enumeration
183 UVC_CTRL_DATA_TYPE_BITMASK Bitmask
186 UVCIOC_CTRL_QUERY - Query a UVC XU control
187 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
188 Argument: struct uvc_xu_control_query
192 This ioctl queries a UVC XU control identified by its extension unit ID
193 and control selector.
195 There are a number of different queries available that closely
196 correspond to the low-level control requests described in the UVC
197 specification. These requests are:
200 Obtain the current value of the control.
202 Obtain the minimum value of the control.
204 Obtain the maximum value of the control.
206 Obtain the default value of the control.
208 Query the resolution of the control, i.e. the step size of the
209 allowed control values.
211 Query the size of the control in bytes.
213 Query the control information bitmap, which indicates whether
214 get/set requests are supported.
216 Update the value of the control.
218 Applications must set the 'size' field to the correct length for the
219 control. Exceptions are the UVC_GET_LEN and UVC_GET_INFO queries, for
220 which the size must be set to 2 and 1, respectively. The 'data' field
221 must point to a valid writable buffer big enough to hold the indicated
222 number of data bytes.
224 Data is copied directly from the device without any driver-side
225 processing. Applications are responsible for data buffer formatting,
226 including little-endian/big-endian conversion. This is particularly
227 important for the result of the UVC_GET_LEN requests, which is always
228 returned as a little-endian 16-bit integer by the device.
232 On success 0 is returned. On error -1 is returned and errno is set
236 The device does not support the given control or the specified
237 extension unit could not be found.
239 The specified buffer size is incorrect (too big or too small).
241 An invalid request code was passed.
243 The given request is not supported by the given control.
245 The data pointer references an inaccessible memory area.
251 * struct uvc_xu_control_query
253 __u8 unit Extension unit ID
254 __u8 selector Control selector
255 __u8 query Request code to send to the device
256 __u16 size Control data size (in bytes)
257 __u8 *data Control value