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2 Documentation for userland software suspend interface
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5 (C) 2006 Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
7 First, the warnings at the beginning of swsusp.txt still apply.
9 Second, you should read the FAQ in swsusp.txt _now_ if you have not
12 Now, to use the userland interface for software suspend you need special
13 utilities that will read/write the system memory snapshot from/to the
14 kernel. Such utilities are available, for example, from
15 <http://suspend.sourceforge.net>. You may want to have a look at them if you
16 are going to develop your own suspend/resume utilities.
18 The interface consists of a character device providing the open(),
19 release(), read(), and write() operations as well as several ioctl()
20 commands defined in include/linux/suspend_ioctls.h . The major and minor
21 numbers of the device are, respectively, 10 and 231, and they can
22 be read from /sys/class/misc/snapshot/dev.
24 The device can be open either for reading or for writing. If open for
25 reading, it is considered to be in the suspend mode. Otherwise it is
26 assumed to be in the resume mode. The device cannot be open for simultaneous
27 reading and writing. It is also impossible to have the device open more than
30 Even opening the device has side effects. Data structures are
31 allocated, and PM_HIBERNATION_PREPARE / PM_RESTORE_PREPARE chains are
34 The ioctl() commands recognized by the device are:
37 freeze user space processes (the current process is
38 not frozen); this is required for SNAPSHOT_CREATE_IMAGE
39 and SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE to succeed
42 thaw user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_FREEZE
45 create a snapshot of the system memory; the
46 last argument of ioctl() should be a pointer to an int variable,
47 the value of which will indicate whether the call returned after
48 creating the snapshot (1) or after restoring the system memory state
49 from it (0) (after resume the system finds itself finishing the
50 SNAPSHOT_CREATE_IMAGE ioctl() again); after the snapshot
51 has been created the read() operation can be used to transfer
54 SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE
55 restore the system memory state from the
56 uploaded snapshot image; before calling it you should transfer
57 the system memory snapshot back to the kernel using the write()
58 operation; this call will not succeed if the snapshot
59 image is not available to the kernel
62 free memory allocated for the snapshot image
64 SNAPSHOT_PREF_IMAGE_SIZE
65 set the preferred maximum size of the image
66 (the kernel will do its best to ensure the image size will not exceed
67 this number, but if it turns out to be impossible, the kernel will
68 create the smallest image possible)
70 SNAPSHOT_GET_IMAGE_SIZE
71 return the actual size of the hibernation image
73 SNAPSHOT_AVAIL_SWAP_SIZE
74 return the amount of available swap in bytes (the
75 last argument should be a pointer to an unsigned int variable that will
76 contain the result if the call is successful).
78 SNAPSHOT_ALLOC_SWAP_PAGE
79 allocate a swap page from the resume partition
80 (the last argument should be a pointer to a loff_t variable that
81 will contain the swap page offset if the call is successful)
83 SNAPSHOT_FREE_SWAP_PAGES
84 free all swap pages allocated by
85 SNAPSHOT_ALLOC_SWAP_PAGE
87 SNAPSHOT_SET_SWAP_AREA
88 set the resume partition and the offset (in <PAGE_SIZE>
89 units) from the beginning of the partition at which the swap header is
90 located (the last ioctl() argument should point to a struct
91 resume_swap_area, as defined in kernel/power/suspend_ioctls.h,
92 containing the resume device specification and the offset); for swap
93 partitions the offset is always 0, but it is different from zero for
94 swap files (see Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.rst for
97 SNAPSHOT_PLATFORM_SUPPORT
98 enable/disable the hibernation platform support,
99 depending on the argument value (enable, if the argument is nonzero)
102 make the kernel transition the system to the hibernation
103 state (eg. ACPI S4) using the platform (eg. ACPI) driver
106 suspend to RAM; using this call causes the kernel to
107 immediately enter the suspend-to-RAM state, so this call must always
108 be preceded by the SNAPSHOT_FREEZE call and it is also necessary
109 to use the SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE call after the system wakes up. This call
110 is needed to implement the suspend-to-both mechanism in which the
111 suspend image is first created, as though the system had been suspended
112 to disk, and then the system is suspended to RAM (this makes it possible
113 to resume the system from RAM if there's enough battery power or restore
114 its state on the basis of the saved suspend image otherwise)
116 The device's read() operation can be used to transfer the snapshot image from
117 the kernel. It has the following limitations:
119 - you cannot read() more than one virtual memory page at a time
120 - read()s across page boundaries are impossible (ie. if you read() 1/2 of
121 a page in the previous call, you will only be able to read()
122 **at most** 1/2 of the page in the next call)
124 The device's write() operation is used for uploading the system memory snapshot
125 into the kernel. It has the same limitations as the read() operation.
127 The release() operation frees all memory allocated for the snapshot image
128 and all swap pages allocated with SNAPSHOT_ALLOC_SWAP_PAGE (if any).
129 Thus it is not necessary to use either SNAPSHOT_FREE or
130 SNAPSHOT_FREE_SWAP_PAGES before closing the device (in fact it will also
131 unfreeze user space processes frozen by SNAPSHOT_UNFREEZE if they are
132 still frozen when the device is being closed).
134 Currently it is assumed that the userland utilities reading/writing the
135 snapshot image from/to the kernel will use a swap partition, called the resume
136 partition, or a swap file as storage space (if a swap file is used, the resume
137 partition is the partition that holds this file). However, this is not really
138 required, as they can use, for example, a special (blank) suspend partition or
139 a file on a partition that is unmounted before SNAPSHOT_CREATE_IMAGE and
142 These utilities MUST NOT make any assumptions regarding the ordering of
143 data within the snapshot image. The contents of the image are entirely owned
144 by the kernel and its structure may be changed in future kernel releases.
146 The snapshot image MUST be written to the kernel unaltered (ie. all of the image
147 data, metadata and header MUST be written in _exactly_ the same amount, form
148 and order in which they have been read). Otherwise, the behavior of the
149 resumed system may be totally unpredictable.
151 While executing SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE the kernel checks if the
152 structure of the snapshot image is consistent with the information stored
153 in the image header. If any inconsistencies are detected,
154 SNAPSHOT_ATOMIC_RESTORE will not succeed. Still, this is not a fool-proof
155 mechanism and the userland utilities using the interface SHOULD use additional
156 means, such as checksums, to ensure the integrity of the snapshot image.
158 The suspending and resuming utilities MUST lock themselves in memory,
159 preferably using mlockall(), before calling SNAPSHOT_FREEZE.
161 The suspending utility MUST check the value stored by SNAPSHOT_CREATE_IMAGE
162 in the memory location pointed to by the last argument of ioctl() and proceed
163 in accordance with it:
165 1. If the value is 1 (ie. the system memory snapshot has just been
166 created and the system is ready for saving it):
168 (a) The suspending utility MUST NOT close the snapshot device
169 _unless_ the whole suspend procedure is to be cancelled, in
170 which case, if the snapshot image has already been saved, the
171 suspending utility SHOULD destroy it, preferably by zapping
172 its header. If the suspend is not to be cancelled, the
173 system MUST be powered off or rebooted after the snapshot
174 image has been saved.
175 (b) The suspending utility SHOULD NOT attempt to perform any
176 file system operations (including reads) on the file systems
177 that were mounted before SNAPSHOT_CREATE_IMAGE has been
178 called. However, it MAY mount a file system that was not
179 mounted at that time and perform some operations on it (eg.
180 use it for saving the image).
182 2. If the value is 0 (ie. the system state has just been restored from
183 the snapshot image), the suspending utility MUST close the snapshot
184 device. Afterwards it will be treated as a regular userland process,
187 The resuming utility SHOULD NOT attempt to mount any file systems that could
188 be mounted before suspend and SHOULD NOT attempt to perform any operations
189 involving such file systems.
191 For details, please refer to the source code.