1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis
7 * and Martin Mares, November 1997.
11 #include <linux/threads.h>
12 #include <linux/init.h>
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <asm/segment.h>
15 #include <asm/page_types.h>
16 #include <asm/pgtable_types.h>
17 #include <asm/cache.h>
18 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
19 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
20 #include <asm/setup.h>
21 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
22 #include <asm/msr-index.h>
23 #include <asm/cpufeatures.h>
24 #include <asm/percpu.h>
26 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
27 #include <asm/export.h>
28 #include <asm/pgtable_32.h>
30 /* Physical address */
31 #define pa(X) ((X) - __PAGE_OFFSET)
34 * References to members of the new_cpu_data structure.
37 #define X86 new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86
38 #define X86_VENDOR new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor
39 #define X86_MODEL new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_model
40 #define X86_STEPPING new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_stepping
41 #define X86_HARD_MATH new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_hard_math
42 #define X86_CPUID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_cpuid_level
43 #define X86_CAPABILITY new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_capability
44 #define X86_VENDOR_ID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor_id
47 #define SIZEOF_PTREGS 17*4
50 * Worst-case size of the kernel mapping we need to make:
51 * a relocatable kernel can live anywhere in lowmem, so we need to be able
52 * to map all of lowmem.
54 KERNEL_PAGES = LOWMEM_PAGES
56 INIT_MAP_SIZE = PAGE_TABLE_SIZE(KERNEL_PAGES) * PAGE_SIZE
57 RESERVE_BRK(pagetables, INIT_MAP_SIZE)
60 * 32-bit kernel entrypoint; only used by the boot CPU. On entry,
61 * %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer.
62 * CS and DS must be 4 GB flat segments, but we don't depend on
63 * any particular GDT layout, because we load our own as soon as we
67 SYM_CODE_START(startup_32)
68 movl pa(initial_stack),%ecx
70 /* test KEEP_SEGMENTS flag to see if the bootloader is asking
71 us to not reload segments */
72 testb $KEEP_SEGMENTS, BP_loadflags(%esi)
76 * Set segments to known values.
78 lgdt pa(boot_gdt_descr)
79 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
86 leal -__PAGE_OFFSET(%ecx),%esp
89 * Clear BSS first so that there are no surprises...
93 movl $pa(__bss_start),%edi
94 movl $pa(__bss_stop),%ecx
99 * Copy bootup parameters out of the way.
100 * Note: %esi still has the pointer to the real-mode data.
101 * With the kexec as boot loader, parameter segment might be loaded beyond
102 * kernel image and might not even be addressable by early boot page tables.
103 * (kexec on panic case). Hence copy out the parameters before initializing
106 movl $pa(boot_params),%edi
107 movl $(PARAM_SIZE/4),%ecx
111 movl pa(boot_params) + NEW_CL_POINTER,%esi
113 jz 1f # No command line
114 movl $pa(boot_command_line),%edi
115 movl $(COMMAND_LINE_SIZE/4),%ecx
121 /* save OFW's pgdir table for later use when calling into OFW */
123 movl %eax, pa(olpc_ofw_pgd)
126 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE
127 /* Early load ucode on BSP. */
131 /* Create early pagetables. */
132 call mk_early_pgtbl_32
134 /* Do early initialization of the fixmap area */
135 movl $pa(initial_pg_fixmap)+PDE_IDENT_ATTR,%eax
136 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
137 #define KPMDS (((-__PAGE_OFFSET) >> 30) & 3) /* Number of kernel PMDs */
138 movl %eax,pa(initial_pg_pmd+0x1000*KPMDS-8)
140 movl %eax,pa(initial_page_table+0xffc)
143 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
144 /* This is can only trip for a broken bootloader... */
145 cmpw $0x207, pa(boot_params + BP_version)
148 /* Paravirt-compatible boot parameters. Look to see what architecture
149 we're booting under. */
150 movl pa(boot_params + BP_hardware_subarch), %eax
151 cmpl $num_subarch_entries, %eax
154 movl pa(subarch_entries)(,%eax,4), %eax
155 subl $__PAGE_OFFSET, %eax
159 SYM_INNER_LABEL_ALIGN(xen_entry, SYM_L_WEAK)
160 /* Unknown implementation; there's really
161 nothing we can do at this point. */
167 .long .Ldefault_entry /* normal x86/PC */
168 .long xen_entry /* Xen hypervisor */
169 .long .Ldefault_entry /* Moorestown MID */
170 num_subarch_entries = (. - subarch_entries) / 4
174 #endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
175 SYM_CODE_END(startup_32)
177 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
179 * Boot CPU0 entry point. It's called from play_dead(). Everything has been set
180 * up already except stack. We just set up stack here. Then call
183 SYM_FUNC_START(start_cpu0)
184 movl initial_stack, %ecx
188 SYM_FUNC_END(start_cpu0)
192 * Non-boot CPU entry point; entered from trampoline.S
193 * We can't lgdt here, because lgdt itself uses a data segment, but
194 * we know the trampoline has already loaded the boot_gdt for us.
196 * If cpu hotplug is not supported then this code can go in init section
197 * which will be freed later
199 SYM_FUNC_START(startup_32_smp)
201 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
206 movl pa(initial_stack),%ecx
208 leal -__PAGE_OFFSET(%ecx),%esp
210 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE
211 /* Early load ucode on AP. */
216 movl $(CR0_STATE & ~X86_CR0_PG),%eax
220 * We want to start out with EFLAGS unambiguously cleared. Some BIOSes leave
221 * bits like NT set. This would confuse the debugger if this code is traced. So
222 * initialize them properly now before switching to protected mode. That means
223 * DF in particular (even though we have cleared it earlier after copying the
224 * command line) because GCC expects it.
230 * New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may be using the global pages.
232 * NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all! Specifically, cr4 exists
233 * if and only if CPUID exists and has flags other than the FPU flag set.
235 movl $-1,pa(X86_CPUID) # preset CPUID level
236 movl $X86_EFLAGS_ID,%ecx
238 popfl # set EFLAGS=ID
240 popl %eax # get EFLAGS
241 testl $X86_EFLAGS_ID,%eax # did EFLAGS.ID remained set?
242 jz .Lenable_paging # hw disallowed setting of ID bit
243 # which means no CPUID and no CR4
247 movl %eax,pa(X86_CPUID) # save largest std CPUID function
251 andl $~1,%edx # Ignore CPUID.FPU
252 jz .Lenable_paging # No flags or only CPUID.FPU = no CR4
254 movl pa(mmu_cr4_features),%eax
257 testb $X86_CR4_PAE, %al # check if PAE is enabled
260 /* Check if extended functions are implemented */
261 movl $0x80000000, %eax
263 /* Value must be in the range 0x80000001 to 0x8000ffff */
264 subl $0x80000001, %eax
265 cmpl $(0x8000ffff-0x80000001), %eax
268 /* Clear bogus XD_DISABLE bits */
271 mov $0x80000001, %eax
273 /* Execute Disable bit supported? */
274 btl $(X86_FEATURE_NX & 31), %edx
277 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
282 /* Make changes effective */
290 movl $pa(initial_page_table), %eax
291 movl %eax,%cr3 /* set the page table pointer.. */
293 movl %eax,%cr0 /* ..and set paging (PG) bit */
294 ljmp $__BOOT_CS,$1f /* Clear prefetch and normalize %eip */
296 /* Shift the stack pointer to a virtual address */
297 addl $__PAGE_OFFSET, %esp
300 * start system 32-bit setup. We need to re-do some of the things done
301 * in 16-bit mode for the "real" operations.
303 movl setup_once_ref,%eax
305 jz 1f # Did we do this already?
312 movb $4,X86 # at least 486
316 /* get vendor info */
317 xorl %eax,%eax # call CPUID with 0 -> return vendor ID
319 movl %eax,X86_CPUID # save CPUID level
320 movl %ebx,X86_VENDOR_ID # lo 4 chars
321 movl %edx,X86_VENDOR_ID+4 # next 4 chars
322 movl %ecx,X86_VENDOR_ID+8 # last 4 chars
324 orl %eax,%eax # do we have processor info as well?
327 movl $1,%eax # Use the CPUID instruction to get CPU type
329 movb %al,%cl # save reg for future use
330 andb $0x0f,%ah # mask processor family
332 andb $0xf0,%al # mask model
335 andb $0x0f,%cl # mask mask revision
336 movb %cl,X86_STEPPING
337 movl %edx,X86_CAPABILITY
340 movl $0x50022,%ecx # set AM, WP, NE and MP
342 andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
347 ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f
348 1: movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax # reload all the segment registers
349 movl %eax,%ss # after changing gdt.
351 movl $(__USER_DS),%eax # DS/ES contains default USER segment
355 movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %eax
356 movl %eax,%fs # set this cpu's percpu
358 movl $(__KERNEL_STACK_CANARY),%eax
361 xorl %eax,%eax # Clear LDT
366 SYM_FUNC_END(startup_32_smp)
368 #include "verify_cpu.S"
373 * The setup work we only want to run on the BSP.
375 * Warning: %esi is live across this function.
379 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
381 * Configure the stack canary. The linker can't handle this by
382 * relocation. Manually set base address in stack canary
383 * segment descriptor.
386 movl $stack_canary,%ecx
387 movw %cx, 8 * GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY + 2(%eax)
389 movb %cl, 8 * GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY + 4(%eax)
390 movb %ch, 8 * GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY + 7(%eax)
393 andl $0,setup_once_ref /* Once is enough, thanks */
396 SYM_FUNC_START(early_idt_handler_array)
400 # 24(%rsp) error code
402 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
403 .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0
404 pushl $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
406 pushl $i # 20(%esp) Vector number
407 jmp early_idt_handler_common
409 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
411 SYM_FUNC_END(early_idt_handler_array)
413 SYM_CODE_START_LOCAL(early_idt_handler_common)
415 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
420 incl %ss:early_recursion_flag
422 /* The vector number is in pt_regs->gs */
425 pushl %fs /* pt_regs->fs (__fsh varies by model) */
426 pushl %es /* pt_regs->es (__esh varies by model) */
427 pushl %ds /* pt_regs->ds (__dsh varies by model) */
428 pushl %eax /* pt_regs->ax */
429 pushl %ebp /* pt_regs->bp */
430 pushl %edi /* pt_regs->di */
431 pushl %esi /* pt_regs->si */
432 pushl %edx /* pt_regs->dx */
433 pushl %ecx /* pt_regs->cx */
434 pushl %ebx /* pt_regs->bx */
436 /* Fix up DS and ES */
437 movl $(__KERNEL_DS), %ecx
441 /* Load the vector number into EDX */
442 movl PT_GS(%esp), %edx
444 /* Load GS into pt_regs->gs (and maybe clobber __gsh) */
445 movw %gs, PT_GS(%esp)
447 movl %esp, %eax /* args are pt_regs (EAX), trapnr (EDX) */
448 call early_fixup_exception
450 popl %ebx /* pt_regs->bx */
451 popl %ecx /* pt_regs->cx */
452 popl %edx /* pt_regs->dx */
453 popl %esi /* pt_regs->si */
454 popl %edi /* pt_regs->di */
455 popl %ebp /* pt_regs->bp */
456 popl %eax /* pt_regs->ax */
457 popl %ds /* pt_regs->ds (always ignores __dsh) */
458 popl %es /* pt_regs->es (always ignores __esh) */
459 popl %fs /* pt_regs->fs (always ignores __fsh) */
460 popl %gs /* pt_regs->gs (always ignores __gsh) */
461 decl %ss:early_recursion_flag
462 addl $4, %esp /* pop pt_regs->orig_ax */
464 SYM_CODE_END(early_idt_handler_common)
466 /* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
467 SYM_FUNC_START(early_ignore_irq)
475 movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
478 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag
480 incl early_recursion_flag
502 SYM_FUNC_END(early_ignore_irq)
506 SYM_DATA(early_recursion_flag, .long 0)
510 SYM_DATA(initial_code, .long i386_start_kernel)
511 SYM_DATA(setup_once_ref, .long setup_once)
513 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
514 #define PGD_ALIGN (2 * PAGE_SIZE)
515 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 1024
517 #define PGD_ALIGN (PAGE_SIZE)
518 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0
525 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
526 .globl initial_pg_pmd
530 .globl initial_page_table
537 .globl swapper_pg_dir
541 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,4,0
542 .globl empty_zero_page
545 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page)
548 * This starts the data section.
550 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
552 /* Page-aligned for the benefit of paravirt? */
554 SYM_DATA_START(initial_page_table)
555 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0 /* low identity map */
557 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
558 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x1000),0
559 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x2000),0
562 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
563 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x1000),0
567 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
569 # error "Kernel PMDs should be 1, 2 or 3"
571 .align PAGE_SIZE /* needs to be page-sized too */
573 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
575 * PTI needs another page so sync_initial_pagetable() works correctly
576 * and does not scribble over the data which is placed behind the
577 * actual initial_page_table. See clone_pgd_range().
582 SYM_DATA_END(initial_page_table)
588 * The SIZEOF_PTREGS gap is a convention which helps the in-kernel unwinder
589 * reliably detect the end of the stack.
591 SYM_DATA(initial_stack,
592 .long init_thread_union + THREAD_SIZE -
593 SIZEOF_PTREGS - TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING)
597 .asciz "Unknown interrupt or fault at: %p %p %p\n"
599 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
602 * The IDT and GDT 'descriptors' are a strange 48-bit object
603 * only used by the lidt and lgdt instructions. They are not
604 * like usual segment descriptors - they consist of a 16-bit
605 * segment size, and 32-bit linear address value:
610 # early boot GDT descriptor (must use 1:1 address mapping)
611 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
612 SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(boot_gdt_descr)
614 .long boot_gdt - __PAGE_OFFSET
615 SYM_DATA_END(boot_gdt_descr)
617 # boot GDT descriptor (later on used by CPU#0):
618 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
619 SYM_DATA_START(early_gdt_descr)
620 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
621 .long gdt_page /* Overwritten for secondary CPUs */
622 SYM_DATA_END(early_gdt_descr)
625 * The boot_gdt must mirror the equivalent in setup.S and is
626 * used only for booting.
628 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
629 SYM_DATA_START(boot_gdt)
630 .fill GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS,8,0
631 .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */
632 .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */
633 SYM_DATA_END(boot_gdt)