1 CPU frequency and voltage scaling code in the Linux(TM) kernel
4 L i n u x C P U F r e q
8 - information for developers -
11 Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
15 Clock scaling allows you to change the clock speed of the CPUs on the
16 fly. This is a nice method to save battery power, because the lower
17 the clock speed, the less power the CPU consumes.
24 1.2 Per-CPU Initialization
26 1.4 target or setpolicy?
29 2. Frequency Table Helpers
36 So, you just got a brand-new CPU / chipset with datasheets and want to
37 add cpufreq support for this CPU / chipset? Great. Here are some hints
44 First of all, in an __initcall level 7 (module_init()) or later
45 function check whether this kernel runs on the right CPU and the right
46 chipset. If so, register a struct cpufreq_driver with the CPUfreq core
47 using cpufreq_register_driver()
49 What shall this struct cpufreq_driver contain?
51 cpufreq_driver.name - The name of this driver.
53 cpufreq_driver.owner - THIS_MODULE;
55 cpufreq_driver.init - A pointer to the per-CPU initialization
58 cpufreq_driver.verify - A pointer to a "verification" function.
60 cpufreq_driver.setpolicy _or_
61 cpufreq_driver.target - See below on the differences.
65 cpufreq_driver.exit - A pointer to a per-CPU cleanup function.
67 cpufreq_driver.resume - A pointer to a per-CPU resume function
68 which is called with interrupts disabled
69 and _before_ the pre-suspend frequency
70 and/or policy is restored by a call to
71 ->target or ->setpolicy.
73 cpufreq_driver.attr - A pointer to a NULL-terminated list of
74 "struct freq_attr" which allow to
75 export values to sysfs.
78 1.2 Per-CPU Initialization
79 --------------------------
81 Whenever a new CPU is registered with the device model, or after the
82 cpufreq driver registers itself, the per-CPU initialization function
83 cpufreq_driver.init is called. It takes a struct cpufreq_policy
84 *policy as argument. What to do now?
86 If necessary, activate the CPUfreq support on your CPU.
88 Then, the driver must fill in the following values:
90 policy->cpuinfo.min_freq _and_
91 policy->cpuinfo.max_freq - the minimum and maximum frequency
92 (in kHz) which is supported by
94 policy->cpuinfo.transition_latency the time it takes on this CPU to
95 switch between two frequencies in
96 nanoseconds (if appropriate, else
97 specify CPUFREQ_ETERNAL)
99 policy->cur The current operating frequency of
100 this CPU (if appropriate)
103 policy->policy and, if necessary,
104 policy->governor must contain the "default policy" for
105 this CPU. A few moments later,
106 cpufreq_driver.verify and either
107 cpufreq_driver.setpolicy or
108 cpufreq_driver.target is called with
111 For setting some of these values (cpuinfo.min[max]_freq, policy->min[max]), the
112 frequency table helpers might be helpful. See the section 2 for more information
115 SMP systems normally have same clock source for a group of cpus. For these the
116 .init() would be called only once for the first online cpu. Here the .init()
117 routine must initialize policy->cpus with mask of all possible cpus (Online +
118 Offline) that share the clock. Then the core would copy this mask onto
119 policy->related_cpus and will reset policy->cpus to carry only online cpus.
125 When the user decides a new policy (consisting of
126 "policy,governor,min,max") shall be set, this policy must be validated
127 so that incompatible values can be corrected. For verifying these
128 values, a frequency table helper and/or the
129 cpufreq_verify_within_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned
130 int min_freq, unsigned int max_freq) function might be helpful. See
131 section 2 for details on frequency table helpers.
133 You need to make sure that at least one valid frequency (or operating
134 range) is within policy->min and policy->max. If necessary, increase
135 policy->max first, and only if this is no solution, decrease policy->min.
138 1.4 target or setpolicy?
139 ----------------------------
141 Most cpufreq drivers or even most cpu frequency scaling algorithms
142 only allow the CPU to be set to one frequency. For these, you use the
145 Some cpufreq-capable processors switch the frequency between certain
146 limits on their own. These shall use the ->setpolicy call
152 The target call has three arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
153 unsigned int target_frequency, unsigned int relation.
155 The CPUfreq driver must set the new frequency when called here. The
156 actual frequency must be determined using the following rules:
158 - keep close to "target_freq"
159 - policy->min <= new_freq <= policy->max (THIS MUST BE VALID!!!)
160 - if relation==CPUFREQ_REL_L, try to select a new_freq higher than or equal
161 target_freq. ("L for lowest, but no lower than")
162 - if relation==CPUFREQ_REL_H, try to select a new_freq lower than or equal
163 target_freq. ("H for highest, but no higher than")
165 Here again the frequency table helper might assist you - see section 2
172 The setpolicy call only takes a struct cpufreq_policy *policy as
173 argument. You need to set the lower limit of the in-processor or
174 in-chipset dynamic frequency switching to policy->min, the upper limit
175 to policy->max, and -if supported- select a performance-oriented
176 setting when policy->policy is CPUFREQ_POLICY_PERFORMANCE, and a
177 powersaving-oriented setting when CPUFREQ_POLICY_POWERSAVE. Also check
178 the reference implementation in drivers/cpufreq/longrun.c
182 2. Frequency Table Helpers
183 ==========================
185 As most cpufreq processors only allow for being set to a few specific
186 frequencies, a "frequency table" with some functions might assist in
187 some work of the processor driver. Such a "frequency table" consists
188 of an array of struct cpufreq_frequency_table entries, with any value in
189 "driver_data" you want to use, and the corresponding frequency in
190 "frequency". At the end of the table, you need to add a
191 cpufreq_frequency_table entry with frequency set to CPUFREQ_TABLE_END. And
192 if you want to skip one entry in the table, set the frequency to
193 CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID. The entries don't need to be in ascending
196 By calling cpufreq_frequency_table_cpuinfo(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
197 struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table);
198 the cpuinfo.min_freq and cpuinfo.max_freq values are detected, and
199 policy->min and policy->max are set to the same values. This is
200 helpful for the per-CPU initialization stage.
202 int cpufreq_frequency_table_verify(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
203 struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table);
204 assures that at least one valid frequency is within policy->min and
205 policy->max, and all other criteria are met. This is helpful for the
208 int cpufreq_frequency_table_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
209 struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table,
210 unsigned int target_freq,
211 unsigned int relation,
212 unsigned int *index);
214 is the corresponding frequency table helper for the ->target
215 stage. Just pass the values to this function, and the unsigned int
216 index returns the number of the frequency table entry which contains
217 the frequency the CPU shall be set to.