5 This chapter documents DRM internals relevant to driver authors and
6 developers working to add support for the latest features to existing
9 First, we go over some typical driver initialization requirements, like
10 setting up command buffers, creating an initial output configuration,
11 and initializing core services. Subsequent sections cover core internals
12 in more detail, providing implementation notes and examples.
14 The DRM layer provides several services to graphics drivers, many of
15 them driven by the application interfaces it provides through libdrm,
16 the library that wraps most of the DRM ioctls. These include vblank
17 event handling, memory management, output management, framebuffer
18 management, command submission & fencing, suspend/resume support, and
24 At the core of every DRM driver is a :c:type:`struct drm_driver
25 <drm_driver>` structure. Drivers typically statically initialize
26 a drm_driver structure, and then pass it to
27 :c:func:`drm_dev_alloc()` to allocate a device instance. After the
28 device instance is fully initialized it can be registered (which makes
29 it accessible from userspace) using :c:func:`drm_dev_register()`.
31 The :c:type:`struct drm_driver <drm_driver>` structure
32 contains static information that describes the driver and features it
33 supports, and pointers to methods that the DRM core will call to
34 implement the DRM API. We will first go through the :c:type:`struct
35 drm_driver <drm_driver>` static information fields, and will
36 then describe individual operations in details as they get used in later
45 Drivers inform the DRM core about their requirements and supported
46 features by setting appropriate flags in the driver_features field.
47 Since those flags influence the DRM core behaviour since registration
48 time, most of them must be set to registering the :c:type:`struct
49 drm_driver <drm_driver>` instance.
54 Driver uses AGP interface, the DRM core will manage AGP resources.
57 Denote a legacy driver using shadow attach. Don't use.
59 DRIVER_KMS_LEGACY_CONTEXT
60 Used only by nouveau for backwards compatibility with existing userspace.
64 Driver is capable of PCI DMA, mapping of PCI DMA buffers to
65 userspace will be enabled. Deprecated.
68 Driver can perform scatter/gather DMA, allocation and mapping of
69 scatter/gather buffers will be enabled. Deprecated.
72 Driver supports DMA, the userspace DMA API will be supported.
75 DRIVER_HAVE_IRQ; DRIVER_IRQ_SHARED
76 DRIVER_HAVE_IRQ indicates whether the driver has an IRQ handler
77 managed by the DRM Core. The core will support simple IRQ handler
78 installation when the flag is set. The installation process is
81 DRIVER_IRQ_SHARED indicates whether the device & handler support
82 shared IRQs (note that this is required of PCI drivers).
85 Driver use the GEM memory manager.
88 Driver supports mode setting interfaces (KMS).
91 Driver implements DRM PRIME buffer sharing.
94 Driver supports dedicated render nodes.
97 Driver supports atomic properties. In this case the driver must
98 implement appropriate obj->atomic_get_property() vfuncs for any
99 modeset objects with driver specific properties.
102 Driver support drm sync objects.
104 Major, Minor and Patchlevel
105 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
107 int major; int minor; int patchlevel;
108 The DRM core identifies driver versions by a major, minor and patch
109 level triplet. The information is printed to the kernel log at
110 initialization time and passed to userspace through the
111 DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl.
113 The major and minor numbers are also used to verify the requested driver
114 API version passed to DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION. When the driver API
115 changes between minor versions, applications can call
116 DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION to select a specific version of the API. If the
117 requested major isn't equal to the driver major, or the requested minor
118 is larger than the driver minor, the DRM_IOCTL_SET_VERSION call will
119 return an error. Otherwise the driver's set_version() method will be
120 called with the requested version.
122 Name, Description and Date
123 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
125 char \*name; char \*desc; char \*date;
126 The driver name is printed to the kernel log at initialization time,
127 used for IRQ registration and passed to userspace through
130 The driver description is a purely informative string passed to
131 userspace through the DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl and otherwise unused by
134 The driver date, formatted as YYYYMMDD, is meant to identify the date of
135 the latest modification to the driver. However, as most drivers fail to
136 update it, its value is mostly useless. The DRM core prints it to the
137 kernel log at initialization time and passes it to userspace through the
138 DRM_IOCTL_VERSION ioctl.
140 Device Instance and Driver Handling
141 -----------------------------------
143 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
144 :doc: driver instance overview
146 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_drv.h
149 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_drv.c
159 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c
162 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_irq.c
165 Memory Manager Initialization
166 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
168 Every DRM driver requires a memory manager which must be initialized at
169 load time. DRM currently contains two memory managers, the Translation
170 Table Manager (TTM) and the Graphics Execution Manager (GEM). This
171 document describes the use of the GEM memory manager only. See ? for
174 Miscellaneous Device Configuration
175 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
177 Another task that may be necessary for PCI devices during configuration
178 is mapping the video BIOS. On many devices, the VBIOS describes device
179 configuration, LCD panel timings (if any), and contains flags indicating
180 device state. Mapping the BIOS can be done using the pci_map_rom()
181 call, a convenience function that takes care of mapping the actual ROM,
182 whether it has been shadowed into memory (typically at address 0xc0000)
183 or exists on the PCI device in the ROM BAR. Note that after the ROM has
184 been mapped and any necessary information has been extracted, it should
185 be unmapped; on many devices, the ROM address decoder is shared with
186 other BARs, so leaving it mapped could cause undesired behaviour like
187 hangs or memory corruption.
189 Bus-specific Device Registration and PCI Support
190 ------------------------------------------------
192 A number of functions are provided to help with device registration. The
193 functions deal with PCI and platform devices respectively and are only
194 provided for historical reasons. These are all deprecated and shouldn't
195 be used in new drivers. Besides that there's a few helpers for pci
198 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_pci.c
201 Open/Close, File Operations and IOCTLs
202 ======================================
209 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
210 :doc: file operations
212 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_file.h
215 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_file.c
224 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_print.h
227 .. kernel-doc:: include/drm/drm_print.h
230 .. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_print.c
237 The section very briefly covers some of the old legacy support code
238 which is only used by old DRM drivers which have done a so-called
239 shadow-attach to the underlying device instead of registering as a real
240 driver. This also includes some of the old generic buffer management and
241 command submission code. Do not use any of this in new and modern
244 Legacy Suspend/Resume
245 ---------------------
247 The DRM core provides some suspend/resume code, but drivers wanting full
248 suspend/resume support should provide save() and restore() functions.
249 These are called at suspend, hibernate, or resume time, and should
250 perform any state save or restore required by your device across suspend
253 int (\*suspend) (struct drm_device \*, pm_message_t state); int
254 (\*resume) (struct drm_device \*);
255 Those are legacy suspend and resume methods which *only* work with the
256 legacy shadow-attach driver registration functions. New driver should
257 use the power management interface provided by their bus type (usually
258 through the :c:type:`struct device_driver <device_driver>`
259 dev_pm_ops) and set these methods to NULL.
264 This should cover how DMA mapping etc. is supported by the core. These
265 functions are deprecated and should not be used.