2 <previous description obsolete, deleted>
4 Virtual memory map with 4 level page tables:
6 0000000000000000 - 00007fffffffffff (=47 bits) user space, different per mm
7 hole caused by [47:63] sign extension
8 ffff800000000000 - ffff87ffffffffff (=43 bits) guard hole, reserved for hypervisor
9 ffff880000000000 - ffffc7ffffffffff (=64 TB) direct mapping of all phys. memory
10 ffffc80000000000 - ffffc8ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole
11 ffffc90000000000 - ffffe8ffffffffff (=45 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space
12 ffffe90000000000 - ffffe9ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole
13 ffffea0000000000 - ffffeaffffffffff (=40 bits) virtual memory map (1TB)
15 ffffec0000000000 - fffffbffffffffff (=44 bits) kasan shadow memory (16TB)
17 ffffff0000000000 - ffffff7fffffffff (=39 bits) %esp fixup stacks
19 ffffffef00000000 - fffffffeffffffff (=64 GB) EFI region mapping space
21 ffffffff80000000 - ffffffff9fffffff (=512 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0
22 ffffffffa0000000 - ffffffffff5fffff (=1526 MB) module mapping space (variable)
23 ffffffffff600000 - ffffffffffdfffff (=8 MB) vsyscalls
24 ffffffffffe00000 - ffffffffffffffff (=2 MB) unused hole
26 Virtual memory map with 5 level page tables:
28 0000000000000000 - 00ffffffffffffff (=56 bits) user space, different per mm
29 hole caused by [56:63] sign extension
30 ff00000000000000 - ff0fffffffffffff (=52 bits) guard hole, reserved for hypervisor
31 ff10000000000000 - ff8fffffffffffff (=55 bits) direct mapping of all phys. memory
32 ff90000000000000 - ff91ffffffffffff (=49 bits) hole
33 ff92000000000000 - ffd1ffffffffffff (=54 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space
34 ffd2000000000000 - ffd3ffffffffffff (=49 bits) hole
35 ffd4000000000000 - ffd5ffffffffffff (=49 bits) virtual memory map (512TB)
37 ffd8000000000000 - fff7ffffffffffff (=53 bits) kasan shadow memory (8PB)
39 ffffff0000000000 - ffffff7fffffffff (=39 bits) %esp fixup stacks
41 ffffffef00000000 - fffffffeffffffff (=64 GB) EFI region mapping space
43 ffffffff80000000 - ffffffff9fffffff (=512 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0
44 ffffffffa0000000 - ffffffffff5fffff (=1526 MB) module mapping space
45 ffffffffff600000 - ffffffffffdfffff (=8 MB) vsyscalls
46 ffffffffffe00000 - ffffffffffffffff (=2 MB) unused hole
48 Architecture defines a 64-bit virtual address. Implementations can support
49 less. Currently supported are 48- and 57-bit virtual addresses. Bits 63
50 through to the most-significant implemented bit are set to either all ones
51 or all zero. This causes hole between user space and kernel addresses.
53 The direct mapping covers all memory in the system up to the highest
54 memory address (this means in some cases it can also include PCI memory
57 vmalloc space is lazily synchronized into the different PML4/PML5 pages of
58 the processes using the page fault handler, with init_top_pgt as
61 Current X86-64 implementations support up to 46 bits of address space (64 TB),
62 which is our current limit. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables.
64 We map EFI runtime services in the 'efi_pgd' PGD in a 64Gb large virtual
65 memory window (this size is arbitrary, it can be raised later if needed).
66 The mappings are not part of any other kernel PGD and are only available
67 during EFI runtime calls.
69 The module mapping space size changes based on the CONFIG requirements for the
70 following fixmap section.
72 Note that if CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_MEMORY is enabled, the direct mapping of all
73 physical memory, vmalloc/ioremap space and virtual memory map are randomized.
74 Their order is preserved but their base will be offset early at boot time.