1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; mode: rst -*-
9 Video devices typically support one or more different video standards or
10 variations of standards. Each video input and output may support another
11 set of standards. This set is reported by the ``std`` field of struct
12 :ref:`v4l2_input <v4l2-input>` and struct
13 :ref:`v4l2_output <v4l2-output>` returned by the
14 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT` and
15 :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMOUTPUT` ioctls, respectively.
17 V4L2 defines one bit for each analog video standard currently in use
18 worldwide, and sets aside bits for driver defined standards, e. g.
19 hybrid standards to watch NTSC video tapes on PAL TVs and vice versa.
20 Applications can use the predefined bits to select a particular
21 standard, although presenting the user a menu of supported standards is
22 preferred. To enumerate and query the attributes of the supported
23 standards applications use the :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMSTD`
26 Many of the defined standards are actually just variations of a few
27 major standards. The hardware may in fact not distinguish between them,
28 or do so internal and switch automatically. Therefore enumerated
29 standards also contain sets of one or more standard bits.
31 Assume a hypothetic tuner capable of demodulating B/PAL, G/PAL and I/PAL
32 signals. The first enumerated standard is a set of B and G/PAL, switched
33 automatically depending on the selected radio frequency in UHF or VHF
34 band. Enumeration gives a "PAL-B/G" or "PAL-I" choice. Similar a
35 Composite input may collapse standards, enumerating "PAL-B/G/H/I",
36 "NTSC-M" and "SECAM-D/K". [#f1]_
38 To query and select the standard used by the current video input or
39 output applications call the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>` and
40 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>` ioctl, respectively. The
41 *received* standard can be sensed with the
42 :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYSTD` ioctl.
44 ..note:: The parameter of all these ioctls is a pointer to a
45 :ref:`v4l2_std_id <v4l2-std-id>` type (a standard set), *not* an
46 index into the standard enumeration. Drivers must implement all video
47 standard ioctls when the device has one or more video inputs or outputs.
49 Special rules apply to devices such as USB cameras where the notion of
50 video standards makes little sense. More generally for any capture or
51 output device which is:
53 - incapable of capturing fields or frames at the nominal rate of the
56 - that does not support the video standard formats at all.
58 Here the driver shall set the ``std`` field of struct
59 :ref:`v4l2_input <v4l2-input>` and struct
60 :ref:`v4l2_output <v4l2-output>` to zero and the :ref:`VIDIOC_G_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>`,
61 :ref:`VIDIOC_S_STD <VIDIOC_G_STD>`, :ref:`VIDIOC_QUERYSTD` and :ref:`VIDIOC_ENUMSTD` ioctls
62 shall return the ``ENOTTY`` error code or the ``EINVAL`` error code.
64 Applications can make use of the :ref:`input-capabilities` and
65 :ref:`output-capabilities` flags to determine whether the video
66 standard ioctls can be used with the given input or output.
68 Example: Information about the current video standard
69 =====================================================
74 struct v4l2_standard standard;
76 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_STD, &std_id)) {
77 /* Note when VIDIOC_ENUMSTD always returns ENOTTY this
78 is no video device or it falls under the USB exception,
79 and VIDIOC_G_STD returning ENOTTY is no error. */
81 perror("VIDIOC_G_STD");
85 memset(&standard, 0, sizeof(standard));
88 while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, &standard)) {
89 if (standard.id & std_id) {
90 printf("Current video standard: %s\\n", standard.name);
97 /* EINVAL indicates the end of the enumeration, which cannot be
98 empty unless this device falls under the USB exception. */
100 if (errno == EINVAL || standard.index == 0) {
101 perror("VIDIOC_ENUMSTD");
105 Example: Listing the video standards supported by the current input
106 ===================================================================
110 struct v4l2_input input;
111 struct v4l2_standard standard;
113 memset(&input, 0, sizeof(input));
115 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_INPUT, &input.index)) {
116 perror("VIDIOC_G_INPUT");
120 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT, &input)) {
121 perror("VIDIOC_ENUM_INPUT");
125 printf("Current input %s supports:\\n", input.name);
127 memset(&standard, 0, sizeof(standard));
130 while (0 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUMSTD, &standard)) {
131 if (standard.id & input.std)
132 printf("%s\\n", standard.name);
137 /* EINVAL indicates the end of the enumeration, which cannot be
138 empty unless this device falls under the USB exception. */
140 if (errno != EINVAL || standard.index == 0) {
141 perror("VIDIOC_ENUMSTD");
145 Example: Selecting a new video standard
146 =======================================
150 struct v4l2_input input;
153 memset(&input, 0, sizeof(input));
155 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_G_INPUT, &input.index)) {
156 perror("VIDIOC_G_INPUT");
160 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT, &input)) {
161 perror("VIDIOC_ENUM_INPUT");
165 if (0 == (input.std & V4L2_STD_PAL_BG)) {
166 fprintf(stderr, "Oops. B/G PAL is not supported.\\n");
170 /* Note this is also supposed to work when only B
171 or G/PAL is supported. */
173 std_id = V4L2_STD_PAL_BG;
175 if (-1 == ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_S_STD, &std_id)) {
176 perror("VIDIOC_S_STD");
181 Some users are already confused by technical terms PAL, NTSC and
182 SECAM. There is no point asking them to distinguish between B, G, D,
183 or K when the software or hardware can do that automatically.