4 Batman advanced is a new approach to wireless networking which
5 does no longer operate on the IP basis. Unlike the batman daemon,
6 which exchanges information using UDP packets and sets routing
7 tables, batman-advanced operates on ISO/OSI Layer 2 only and uses
8 and routes (or better: bridges) Ethernet Frames. It emulates a
9 virtual network switch of all nodes participating. Therefore all
10 nodes appear to be link local, thus all higher operating proto-
11 cols won't be affected by any changes within the network. You can
12 run almost any protocol above batman advanced, prominent examples
13 are: IPv4, IPv6, DHCP, IPX.
15 Batman advanced was implemented as a Linux kernel driver to re-
16 duce the overhead to a minimum. It does not depend on any (other)
17 network driver, and can be used on wifi as well as ethernet lan,
18 vpn, etc ... (anything with ethernet-style layer 2).
24 Load the batman-adv module into your kernel:
26 # insmod batman-adv.ko
28 The module is now waiting for activation. You must add some in-
29 terfaces on which batman can operate. After loading the module
30 batman advanced will scan your systems interfaces to search for
31 compatible interfaces. Once found, it will create subfolders in
32 the /sys directories of each supported interface, e.g.
34 # ls /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/
35 # iface_status mesh_iface
37 If an interface does not have the "batman_adv" subfolder it prob-
38 ably is not supported. Not supported interfaces are: loopback,
39 non-ethernet and batman's own interfaces.
41 Note: After the module was loaded it will continuously watch for
42 new interfaces to verify the compatibility. There is no need to
43 reload the module if you plug your USB wifi adapter into your ma-
44 chine after batman advanced was initially loaded.
46 To activate a given interface simply write "bat0" into its
47 "mesh_iface" file inside the batman_adv subfolder:
49 # echo bat0 > /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/mesh_iface
51 Repeat this step for all interfaces you wish to add. Now batman
52 starts using/broadcasting on this/these interface(s).
54 By reading the "iface_status" file you can check its status:
56 # cat /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/iface_status
59 To deactivate an interface you have to write "none" into its
62 # echo none > /sys/class/net/eth0/batman_adv/mesh_iface
65 All mesh wide settings can be found in batman's own interface
68 # ls /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/
69 #aggregated_ogms distributed_arp_table gw_sel_class orig_interval
70 #ap_isolation fragmentation hop_penalty routing_algo
71 #bonding gw_bandwidth isolation_mark vlan0
72 #bridge_loop_avoidance gw_mode log_level
74 There is a special folder for debugging information:
76 # ls /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/
77 # bla_backbone_table log transtable_global
78 # bla_claim_table originators transtable_local
81 Some of the files contain all sort of status information regard-
82 ing the mesh network. For example, you can view the table of
83 originators (mesh participants) with:
85 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/originators
87 Other files allow to change batman's behaviour to better fit your
88 requirements. For instance, you can check the current originator
89 interval (value in milliseconds which determines how often batman
90 sends its broadcast packets):
92 # cat /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
95 and also change its value:
97 # echo 3000 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/orig_interval
99 In very mobile scenarios, you might want to adjust the originator
100 interval to a lower value. This will make the mesh more respon-
101 sive to topology changes, but will also increase the overhead.
107 To make use of your newly created mesh, batman advanced provides
108 a new interface "bat0" which you should use from this point on.
109 All interfaces added to batman advanced are not relevant any
110 longer because batman handles them for you. Basically, one "hands
111 over" the data by using the batman interface and batman will make
112 sure it reaches its destination.
114 The "bat0" interface can be used like any other regular inter-
115 face. It needs an IP address which can be either statically con-
116 figured or dynamically (by using DHCP or similar services):
118 # NodeA: ip link set up dev bat0
119 # NodeA: ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev bat0
121 # NodeB: ip link set up dev bat0
122 # NodeB: ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev bat0
123 # NodeB: ping 192.168.0.1
125 Note: In order to avoid problems remove all IP addresses previ-
126 ously assigned to interfaces now used by batman advanced, e.g.
128 # ip addr flush dev eth0
134 All error messages, warnings and information messages are sent to
135 the kernel log. Depending on your operating system distribution
136 this can be read in one of a number of ways. Try using the com-
137 mands: dmesg, logread, or looking in the files /var/log/kern.log
138 or /var/log/syslog. All batman-adv messages are prefixed with
139 "batman-adv:" So to see just these messages try
141 # dmesg | grep batman-adv
143 When investigating problems with your mesh network it is some-
144 times necessary to see more detail debug messages. This must be
145 enabled when compiling the batman-adv module. When building bat-
146 man-adv as part of kernel, use "make menuconfig" and enable the
147 option "B.A.T.M.A.N. debugging".
149 Those additional debug messages can be accessed using a special
152 # cat /sys/kernel/debug/batman_adv/bat0/log
154 The additional debug output is by default disabled. It can be en-
155 abled during run time. Following log_levels are defined:
157 0 - All debug output disabled
158 1 - Enable messages related to routing / flooding / broadcasting
159 2 - Enable messages related to route added / changed / deleted
160 4 - Enable messages related to translation table operations
161 8 - Enable messages related to bridge loop avoidance
162 16 - Enable messaged related to DAT, ARP snooping and parsing
163 31 - Enable all messages
165 The debug output can be changed at runtime using the file
166 /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level. e.g.
168 # echo 6 > /sys/class/net/bat0/mesh/log_level
170 will enable debug messages for when routes change.
172 Counters for different types of packets entering and leaving the
173 batman-adv module are available through ethtool:
175 # ethtool --statistics bat0
181 As batman advanced operates on layer 2 all hosts participating in
182 the virtual switch are completely transparent for all protocols
183 above layer 2. Therefore the common diagnosis tools do not work
184 as expected. To overcome these problems batctl was created. At
185 the moment the batctl contains ping, traceroute, tcpdump and
186 interfaces to the kernel module settings.
188 For more information, please see the manpage (man batctl).
190 batctl is available on https://www.open-mesh.org/
196 Please send us comments, experiences, questions, anything :)
198 IRC: #batman on irc.freenode.org
199 Mailing-list: b.a.t.m.a.n@open-mesh.org (optional subscription
200 at https://lists.open-mesh.org/mm/listinfo/b.a.t.m.a.n)
202 You can also contact the Authors:
204 Marek Lindner <mareklindner@neomailbox.ch>
205 Simon Wunderlich <sw@simonwunderlich.de>