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2 Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices
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8 Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM) is designed to allow portable
9 Linux devices to use the minimum amount of power within the audio
10 subsystem at all times. It is independent of other kernel PM and as
11 such, can easily co-exist with the other PM systems.
13 DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as
14 all power switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or
15 recompiling are required for user space applications. DAPM makes power
16 switching decisions based upon any audio stream (capture/playback)
17 activity and audio mixer settings within the device.
19 DAPM spans the whole machine. It covers power control within the entire
20 audio subsystem, this includes internal codec power blocks and machine
23 There are 4 power domains within DAPM
26 VREF, VMID (core codec and audio power)
28 Usually controlled at codec probe/remove and suspend/resume, although
29 can be set at stream time if power is not needed for sidetone, etc.
31 Platform/Machine domain
32 physically connected inputs and outputs
34 Is platform/machine and user action specific, is configured by the
35 machine driver and responds to asynchronous events e.g when HP
39 audio subsystem signal paths
41 Automatically set when mixer and mux settings are changed by the user.
42 e.g. alsamixer, amixer.
47 Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and
48 stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord.
50 All DAPM power switching decisions are made automatically by consulting an audio
51 routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and
52 consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including
53 internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called
60 Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:-
63 Mixes several analog signals into a single analog signal.
65 An analog switch that outputs only one of many inputs.
67 A programmable gain amplifier or attenuation widget.
69 Analog to Digital Converter
71 Digital to Analog Converter
79 Headphone (and optional Jack)
81 Mic (and optional Jack)
83 Line Input/Output (and optional Jack)
87 Power or clock supply widget used by other widgets.
89 External regulator that supplies power to audio components.
91 External clock that supplies clock to audio components.
93 Audio Interface Input (with TDM slot mask).
95 Audio Interface Output (with TDM slot mask).
99 Digital Audio Interface Input.
101 Digital Audio Interface Output.
103 DAI Link between two DAI structures
105 Special PRE widget (exec before all others)
107 Special POST widget (exec after all others)
109 Inter widget audio data buffer within a DSP.
111 DSP internal scheduler that schedules component/pipeline processing
114 Widget that performs an audio processing effect.
116 Sample Rate Converter within DSP or CODEC
118 Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter within DSP or CODEC
120 Widget that encodes audio data from one format (usually PCM) to another
121 usually more compressed format.
123 Widget that decodes audio data from a compressed format to an
124 uncompressed format like PCM.
127 (Widgets are defined in include/sound/soc-dapm.h)
129 Widgets can be added to the sound card by any of the component driver types.
130 There are convenience macros defined in soc-dapm.h that can be used to quickly
131 build a list of widgets of the codecs and machines DAPM widgets.
133 Most widgets have a name, register, shift and invert. Some widgets have extra
134 parameters for stream name and kcontrols.
137 Stream Domain Widgets
138 ---------------------
140 Stream Widgets relate to the stream power domain and only consist of ADCs
141 (analog to digital converters), DACs (digital to analog converters),
144 Stream widgets have the following format:-
147 SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC(name, stream name, reg, shift, invert),
148 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN(name, stream, slot, reg, shift, invert)
150 NOTE: the stream name must match the corresponding stream name in your codec
153 e.g. stream widgets for HiFi playback and capture
156 SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC("HiFi DAC", "HiFi Playback", REG, 3, 1),
157 SND_SOC_DAPM_ADC("HiFi ADC", "HiFi Capture", REG, 2, 1),
159 e.g. stream widgets for AIF
162 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_IN("AIF1RX", "AIF1 Playback", 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0),
163 SND_SOC_DAPM_AIF_OUT("AIF1TX", "AIF1 Capture", 0, SND_SOC_NOPM, 0, 0),
169 Path domain widgets have a ability to control or affect the audio signal or
170 audio paths within the audio subsystem. They have the following form:-
173 SND_SOC_DAPM_PGA(name, reg, shift, invert, controls, num_controls)
175 Any widget kcontrols can be set using the controls and num_controls members.
177 e.g. Mixer widget (the kcontrols are declared first)
181 static const snd_kcontrol_new_t wm8731_output_mixer_controls[] = {
182 SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Line Bypass Switch", WM8731_APANA, 3, 1, 0),
183 SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Mic Sidetone Switch", WM8731_APANA, 5, 1, 0),
184 SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("HiFi Playback Switch", WM8731_APANA, 4, 1, 0),
187 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("Output Mixer", WM8731_PWR, 4, 1, wm8731_output_mixer_controls,
188 ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_output_mixer_controls)),
190 If you don't want the mixer elements prefixed with the name of the mixer widget,
191 you can use SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER_NAMED_CTL instead. the parameters are the same
192 as for SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER.
195 Machine domain Widgets
196 ----------------------
198 Machine widgets are different from codec widgets in that they don't have a
199 codec register bit associated with them. A machine widget is assigned to each
200 machine audio component (non codec or DSP) that can be independently
207 A machine widget can have an optional call back.
209 e.g. Jack connector widget for an external Mic that enables Mic Bias
210 when the Mic is inserted:-::
212 static int spitz_mic_bias(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget* w, int event)
214 gpio_set_value(SPITZ_GPIO_MIC_BIAS, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event));
218 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic Jack", spitz_mic_bias),
224 The codec bias power domain has no widgets and is handled by the codecs DAPM
225 event handler. This handler is called when the codec powerstate is changed wrt
226 to any stream event or by kernel PM events.
232 Sometimes widgets exist in the codec or machine audio map that don't have any
233 corresponding soft power control. In this case it is necessary to create
234 a virtual widget - a widget with no control bits e.g.
237 SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("AC97 Mixer", SND_SOC_DAPM_NOPM, 0, 0, NULL, 0),
239 This can be used to merge to signal paths together in software.
241 After all the widgets have been defined, they can then be added to the DAPM
242 subsystem individually with a call to snd_soc_dapm_new_control().
245 Codec/DSP Widget Interconnections
246 =================================
248 Widgets are connected to each other within the codec, platform and machine by
249 audio paths (called interconnections). Each interconnection must be defined in
250 order to create a map of all audio paths between widgets.
252 This is easiest with a diagram of the codec or DSP (and schematic of the machine
253 audio system), as it requires joining widgets together via their audio signal
256 e.g., from the WM8731 output mixer (wm8731.c)
258 The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources)
261 2. DAC (HiFi playback)
262 3. Mic Sidetone Input
264 Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example
265 above) and is connected to the output mixer via its kcontrol name. We can now
266 connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with its source widgets.
270 {"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"},
271 {"Output Mixer", "HiFi Playback Switch", "DAC"},
272 {"Output Mixer", "Mic Sidetone Switch", "Mic Bias"},
276 * Destination Widget <=== Path Name <=== Source Widget, or
277 * Sink, Path, Source, or
278 * ``Output Mixer`` is connected to the ``DAC`` via the ``HiFi Playback Switch``.
280 When there is no path name connecting widgets (e.g. a direct connection) we
281 pass NULL for the path name.
283 Interconnections are created with a call to:-
286 snd_soc_dapm_connect_input(codec, sink, path, source);
288 Finally, snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(codec) must be called after all widgets and
289 interconnections have been registered with the core. This causes the core to
290 scan the codec and machine so that the internal DAPM state matches the
291 physical state of the machine.
294 Machine Widget Interconnections
295 -------------------------------
296 Machine widget interconnections are created in the same way as codec ones and
297 directly connect the codec pins to machine level widgets.
299 e.g. connects the speaker out codec pins to the internal speaker.
302 /* ext speaker connected to codec pins LOUT2, ROUT2 */
303 {"Ext Spk", NULL , "ROUT2"},
304 {"Ext Spk", NULL , "LOUT2"},
306 This allows the DAPM to power on and off pins that are connected (and in use)
307 and pins that are NC respectively.
312 An endpoint is a start or end point (widget) of an audio signal within the
313 machine and includes the codec. e.g.
321 Endpoints are added to the DAPM graph so that their usage can be determined in
322 order to save power. e.g. NC codecs pins will be switched OFF, unconnected
323 jacks can also be switched OFF.
329 Some widgets can register their interest with the DAPM core in PM events.
330 e.g. A Speaker with an amplifier registers a widget so the amplifier can be
331 powered only when the spk is in use.
334 /* turn speaker amplifier on/off depending on use */
335 static int corgi_amp_event(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *w, int event)
337 gpio_set_value(CORGI_GPIO_APM_ON, SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event));
341 /* corgi machine dapm widgets */
342 static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget wm8731_dapm_widgets =
343 SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Ext Spk", corgi_amp_event);
345 Please see soc-dapm.h for all other widgets that support events.
351 The following event types are supported by event widgets.
354 /* dapm event types */
355 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMU 0x1 /* before widget power up */
356 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMU 0x2 /* after widget power up */
357 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMD 0x4 /* before widget power down */
358 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMD 0x8 /* after widget power down */
359 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_REG 0x10 /* before audio path setup */
360 #define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_REG 0x20 /* after audio path setup */