Linux 5.6.13
[linux/fpc-iii.git] / fs / ext2 / ialloc.c
blobfda7d3f5b4be53161b725a0b6b8a5660027242a7
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
2 /*
3 * linux/fs/ext2/ialloc.c
5 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
6 * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
7 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
8 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
10 * BSD ufs-inspired inode and directory allocation by
11 * Stephen Tweedie (sct@dcs.ed.ac.uk), 1993
12 * Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
13 * David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
16 #include <linux/quotaops.h>
17 #include <linux/sched.h>
18 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
19 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
20 #include <linux/random.h>
21 #include "ext2.h"
22 #include "xattr.h"
23 #include "acl.h"
26 * ialloc.c contains the inodes allocation and deallocation routines
30 * The free inodes are managed by bitmaps. A file system contains several
31 * blocks groups. Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
32 * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
34 * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
35 * super block. Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
36 * the free blocks count in the block.
41 * Read the inode allocation bitmap for a given block_group, reading
42 * into the specified slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
44 * Return buffer_head of bitmap on success or NULL.
46 static struct buffer_head *
47 read_inode_bitmap(struct super_block * sb, unsigned long block_group)
49 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
50 struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
52 desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
53 if (!desc)
54 goto error_out;
56 bh = sb_bread(sb, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
57 if (!bh)
58 ext2_error(sb, "read_inode_bitmap",
59 "Cannot read inode bitmap - "
60 "block_group = %lu, inode_bitmap = %u",
61 block_group, le32_to_cpu(desc->bg_inode_bitmap));
62 error_out:
63 return bh;
66 static void ext2_release_inode(struct super_block *sb, int group, int dir)
68 struct ext2_group_desc * desc;
69 struct buffer_head *bh;
71 desc = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh);
72 if (!desc) {
73 ext2_error(sb, "ext2_release_inode",
74 "can't get descriptor for group %d", group);
75 return;
78 spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), group));
79 le16_add_cpu(&desc->bg_free_inodes_count, 1);
80 if (dir)
81 le16_add_cpu(&desc->bg_used_dirs_count, -1);
82 spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), group));
83 if (dir)
84 percpu_counter_dec(&EXT2_SB(sb)->s_dirs_counter);
85 mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
89 * NOTE! When we get the inode, we're the only people
90 * that have access to it, and as such there are no
91 * race conditions we have to worry about. The inode
92 * is not on the hash-lists, and it cannot be reached
93 * through the filesystem because the directory entry
94 * has been deleted earlier.
96 * HOWEVER: we must make sure that we get no aliases,
97 * which means that we have to call "clear_inode()"
98 * _before_ we mark the inode not in use in the inode
99 * bitmaps. Otherwise a newly created file might use
100 * the same inode number (not actually the same pointer
101 * though), and then we'd have two inodes sharing the
102 * same inode number and space on the harddisk.
104 void ext2_free_inode (struct inode * inode)
106 struct super_block * sb = inode->i_sb;
107 int is_directory;
108 unsigned long ino;
109 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
110 unsigned long block_group;
111 unsigned long bit;
112 struct ext2_super_block * es;
114 ino = inode->i_ino;
115 ext2_debug ("freeing inode %lu\n", ino);
118 * Note: we must free any quota before locking the superblock,
119 * as writing the quota to disk may need the lock as well.
121 /* Quota is already initialized in iput() */
122 dquot_free_inode(inode);
123 dquot_drop(inode);
125 es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
126 is_directory = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);
128 if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) ||
129 ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
130 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_inode",
131 "reserved or nonexistent inode %lu", ino);
132 return;
134 block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
135 bit = (ino - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
136 bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
137 if (!bitmap_bh)
138 return;
140 /* Ok, now we can actually update the inode bitmaps.. */
141 if (!ext2_clear_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(EXT2_SB(sb), block_group),
142 bit, (void *) bitmap_bh->b_data))
143 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_free_inode",
144 "bit already cleared for inode %lu", ino);
145 else
146 ext2_release_inode(sb, block_group, is_directory);
147 mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
148 if (sb->s_flags & SB_SYNCHRONOUS)
149 sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
151 brelse(bitmap_bh);
155 * We perform asynchronous prereading of the new inode's inode block when
156 * we create the inode, in the expectation that the inode will be written
157 * back soon. There are two reasons:
159 * - When creating a large number of files, the async prereads will be
160 * nicely merged into large reads
161 * - When writing out a large number of inodes, we don't need to keep on
162 * stalling the writes while we read the inode block.
164 * FIXME: ext2_get_group_desc() needs to be simplified.
166 static void ext2_preread_inode(struct inode *inode)
168 unsigned long block_group;
169 unsigned long offset;
170 unsigned long block;
171 struct ext2_group_desc * gdp;
172 struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
174 bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
175 if (bdi_rw_congested(bdi))
176 return;
178 block_group = (inode->i_ino - 1) / EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb);
179 gdp = ext2_get_group_desc(inode->i_sb, block_group, NULL);
180 if (gdp == NULL)
181 return;
184 * Figure out the offset within the block group inode table
186 offset = ((inode->i_ino - 1) % EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb)) *
187 EXT2_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb);
188 block = le32_to_cpu(gdp->bg_inode_table) +
189 (offset >> EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode->i_sb));
190 sb_breadahead(inode->i_sb, block);
194 * There are two policies for allocating an inode. If the new inode is
195 * a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
196 * free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
197 * the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
198 * directories already is chosen.
200 * For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory\'s block
201 * group to find a free inode.
203 static int find_group_dir(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
205 int ngroups = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
206 int avefreei = ext2_count_free_inodes(sb) / ngroups;
207 struct ext2_group_desc *desc, *best_desc = NULL;
208 int group, best_group = -1;
210 for (group = 0; group < ngroups; group++) {
211 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
212 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
213 continue;
214 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
215 continue;
216 if (!best_desc ||
217 (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) >
218 le16_to_cpu(best_desc->bg_free_blocks_count))) {
219 best_group = group;
220 best_desc = desc;
224 return best_group;
228 * Orlov's allocator for directories.
230 * We always try to spread first-level directories.
232 * If there are blockgroups with both free inodes and free blocks counts
233 * not worse than average we return one with smallest directory count.
234 * Otherwise we simply return a random group.
236 * For the rest rules look so:
238 * It's OK to put directory into a group unless
239 * it has too many directories already (max_dirs) or
240 * it has too few free inodes left (min_inodes) or
241 * it has too few free blocks left (min_blocks) or
242 * it's already running too large debt (max_debt).
243 * Parent's group is preferred, if it doesn't satisfy these
244 * conditions we search cyclically through the rest. If none
245 * of the groups look good we just look for a group with more
246 * free inodes than average (starting at parent's group).
248 * Debt is incremented each time we allocate a directory and decremented
249 * when we allocate an inode, within 0--255.
252 #define INODE_COST 64
253 #define BLOCK_COST 256
255 static int find_group_orlov(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
257 int parent_group = EXT2_I(parent)->i_block_group;
258 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
259 struct ext2_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
260 int ngroups = sbi->s_groups_count;
261 int inodes_per_group = EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
262 int freei;
263 int avefreei;
264 int free_blocks;
265 int avefreeb;
266 int blocks_per_dir;
267 int ndirs;
268 int max_debt, max_dirs, min_blocks, min_inodes;
269 int group = -1, i;
270 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
272 freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
273 avefreei = freei / ngroups;
274 free_blocks = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
275 avefreeb = free_blocks / ngroups;
276 ndirs = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
278 if ((parent == d_inode(sb->s_root)) ||
279 (EXT2_I(parent)->i_flags & EXT2_TOPDIR_FL)) {
280 struct ext2_group_desc *best_desc = NULL;
281 int best_ndir = inodes_per_group;
282 int best_group = -1;
284 group = prandom_u32();
285 parent_group = (unsigned)group % ngroups;
286 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
287 group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
288 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
289 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
290 continue;
291 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= best_ndir)
292 continue;
293 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
294 continue;
295 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < avefreeb)
296 continue;
297 best_group = group;
298 best_ndir = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count);
299 best_desc = desc;
301 if (best_group >= 0) {
302 desc = best_desc;
303 group = best_group;
304 goto found;
306 goto fallback;
309 if (ndirs == 0)
310 ndirs = 1; /* percpu_counters are approximate... */
312 blocks_per_dir = (le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count)-free_blocks) / ndirs;
314 max_dirs = ndirs / ngroups + inodes_per_group / 16;
315 min_inodes = avefreei - inodes_per_group / 4;
316 min_blocks = avefreeb - EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / 4;
318 max_debt = EXT2_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / max(blocks_per_dir, BLOCK_COST);
319 if (max_debt * INODE_COST > inodes_per_group)
320 max_debt = inodes_per_group / INODE_COST;
321 if (max_debt > 255)
322 max_debt = 255;
323 if (max_debt == 0)
324 max_debt = 1;
326 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
327 group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
328 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
329 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
330 continue;
331 if (sbi->s_debts[group] >= max_debt)
332 continue;
333 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= max_dirs)
334 continue;
335 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < min_inodes)
336 continue;
337 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < min_blocks)
338 continue;
339 goto found;
342 fallback:
343 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
344 group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
345 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
346 if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
347 continue;
348 if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) >= avefreei)
349 goto found;
352 if (avefreei) {
354 * The free-inodes counter is approximate, and for really small
355 * filesystems the above test can fail to find any blockgroups
357 avefreei = 0;
358 goto fallback;
361 return -1;
363 found:
364 return group;
367 static int find_group_other(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent)
369 int parent_group = EXT2_I(parent)->i_block_group;
370 int ngroups = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
371 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
372 int group, i;
375 * Try to place the inode in its parent directory
377 group = parent_group;
378 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
379 if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
380 le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
381 goto found;
384 * We're going to place this inode in a different blockgroup from its
385 * parent. We want to cause files in a common directory to all land in
386 * the same blockgroup. But we want files which are in a different
387 * directory which shares a blockgroup with our parent to land in a
388 * different blockgroup.
390 * So add our directory's i_ino into the starting point for the hash.
392 group = (group + parent->i_ino) % ngroups;
395 * Use a quadratic hash to find a group with a free inode and some
396 * free blocks.
398 for (i = 1; i < ngroups; i <<= 1) {
399 group += i;
400 if (group >= ngroups)
401 group -= ngroups;
402 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
403 if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
404 le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
405 goto found;
409 * That failed: try linear search for a free inode, even if that group
410 * has no free blocks.
412 group = parent_group;
413 for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
414 if (++group >= ngroups)
415 group = 0;
416 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
417 if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count))
418 goto found;
421 return -1;
423 found:
424 return group;
427 struct inode *ext2_new_inode(struct inode *dir, umode_t mode,
428 const struct qstr *qstr)
430 struct super_block *sb;
431 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
432 struct buffer_head *bh2;
433 int group, i;
434 ino_t ino = 0;
435 struct inode * inode;
436 struct ext2_group_desc *gdp;
437 struct ext2_super_block *es;
438 struct ext2_inode_info *ei;
439 struct ext2_sb_info *sbi;
440 int err;
442 sb = dir->i_sb;
443 inode = new_inode(sb);
444 if (!inode)
445 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
447 ei = EXT2_I(inode);
448 sbi = EXT2_SB(sb);
449 es = sbi->s_es;
450 if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
451 if (test_opt(sb, OLDALLOC))
452 group = find_group_dir(sb, dir);
453 else
454 group = find_group_orlov(sb, dir);
455 } else
456 group = find_group_other(sb, dir);
458 if (group == -1) {
459 err = -ENOSPC;
460 goto fail;
463 for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++) {
464 gdp = ext2_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh2);
465 if (!gdp) {
466 if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
467 group = 0;
468 continue;
470 brelse(bitmap_bh);
471 bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, group);
472 if (!bitmap_bh) {
473 err = -EIO;
474 goto fail;
476 ino = 0;
478 repeat_in_this_group:
479 ino = ext2_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)bitmap_bh->b_data,
480 EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
481 if (ino >= EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
483 * Rare race: find_group_xx() decided that there were
484 * free inodes in this group, but by the time we tried
485 * to allocate one, they're all gone. This can also
486 * occur because the counters which find_group_orlov()
487 * uses are approximate. So just go and search the
488 * next block group.
490 if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
491 group = 0;
492 continue;
494 if (ext2_set_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group),
495 ino, bitmap_bh->b_data)) {
496 /* we lost this inode */
497 if (++ino >= EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
498 /* this group is exhausted, try next group */
499 if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
500 group = 0;
501 continue;
503 /* try to find free inode in the same group */
504 goto repeat_in_this_group;
506 goto got;
510 * Scanned all blockgroups.
512 brelse(bitmap_bh);
513 err = -ENOSPC;
514 goto fail;
515 got:
516 mark_buffer_dirty(bitmap_bh);
517 if (sb->s_flags & SB_SYNCHRONOUS)
518 sync_dirty_buffer(bitmap_bh);
519 brelse(bitmap_bh);
521 ino += group * EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) + 1;
522 if (ino < EXT2_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
523 ext2_error (sb, "ext2_new_inode",
524 "reserved inode or inode > inodes count - "
525 "block_group = %d,inode=%lu", group,
526 (unsigned long) ino);
527 err = -EIO;
528 goto fail;
531 percpu_counter_add(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter, -1);
532 if (S_ISDIR(mode))
533 percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
535 spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
536 le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_free_inodes_count, -1);
537 if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
538 if (sbi->s_debts[group] < 255)
539 sbi->s_debts[group]++;
540 le16_add_cpu(&gdp->bg_used_dirs_count, 1);
541 } else {
542 if (sbi->s_debts[group])
543 sbi->s_debts[group]--;
545 spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
547 mark_buffer_dirty(bh2);
548 if (test_opt(sb, GRPID)) {
549 inode->i_mode = mode;
550 inode->i_uid = current_fsuid();
551 inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
552 } else
553 inode_init_owner(inode, dir, mode);
555 inode->i_ino = ino;
556 inode->i_blocks = 0;
557 inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = current_time(inode);
558 memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
559 ei->i_flags =
560 ext2_mask_flags(mode, EXT2_I(dir)->i_flags & EXT2_FL_INHERITED);
561 ei->i_faddr = 0;
562 ei->i_frag_no = 0;
563 ei->i_frag_size = 0;
564 ei->i_file_acl = 0;
565 ei->i_dir_acl = 0;
566 ei->i_dtime = 0;
567 ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
568 ei->i_block_group = group;
569 ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
570 ei->i_state = EXT2_STATE_NEW;
571 ext2_set_inode_flags(inode);
572 spin_lock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
573 inode->i_generation = sbi->s_next_generation++;
574 spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
575 if (insert_inode_locked(inode) < 0) {
576 ext2_error(sb, "ext2_new_inode",
577 "inode number already in use - inode=%lu",
578 (unsigned long) ino);
579 err = -EIO;
580 goto fail;
583 err = dquot_initialize(inode);
584 if (err)
585 goto fail_drop;
587 err = dquot_alloc_inode(inode);
588 if (err)
589 goto fail_drop;
591 err = ext2_init_acl(inode, dir);
592 if (err)
593 goto fail_free_drop;
595 err = ext2_init_security(inode, dir, qstr);
596 if (err)
597 goto fail_free_drop;
599 mark_inode_dirty(inode);
600 ext2_debug("allocating inode %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
601 ext2_preread_inode(inode);
602 return inode;
604 fail_free_drop:
605 dquot_free_inode(inode);
607 fail_drop:
608 dquot_drop(inode);
609 inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
610 clear_nlink(inode);
611 discard_new_inode(inode);
612 return ERR_PTR(err);
614 fail:
615 make_bad_inode(inode);
616 iput(inode);
617 return ERR_PTR(err);
620 unsigned long ext2_count_free_inodes (struct super_block * sb)
622 struct ext2_group_desc *desc;
623 unsigned long desc_count = 0;
624 int i;
626 #ifdef EXT2FS_DEBUG
627 struct ext2_super_block *es;
628 unsigned long bitmap_count = 0;
629 struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
631 es = EXT2_SB(sb)->s_es;
632 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
633 unsigned x;
635 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
636 if (!desc)
637 continue;
638 desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count);
639 brelse(bitmap_bh);
640 bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, i);
641 if (!bitmap_bh)
642 continue;
644 x = ext2_count_free(bitmap_bh, EXT2_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
645 printk("group %d: stored = %d, counted = %u\n",
646 i, le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count), x);
647 bitmap_count += x;
649 brelse(bitmap_bh);
650 printk("ext2_count_free_inodes: stored = %lu, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
651 (unsigned long)
652 percpu_counter_read(&EXT2_SB(sb)->s_freeinodes_counter),
653 desc_count, bitmap_count);
654 return desc_count;
655 #else
656 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
657 desc = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
658 if (!desc)
659 continue;
660 desc_count += le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count);
662 return desc_count;
663 #endif
666 /* Called at mount-time, super-block is locked */
667 unsigned long ext2_count_dirs (struct super_block * sb)
669 unsigned long count = 0;
670 int i;
672 for (i = 0; i < EXT2_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
673 struct ext2_group_desc *gdp = ext2_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
674 if (!gdp)
675 continue;
676 count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count);
678 return count;