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1 The Linux SYM-2 driver documentation file
3 Written by Gerard Roudier <groudier@free.fr>
4 21 Rue Carnot
5 95170 DEUIL LA BARRE - FRANCE
7 Updated by Matthew Wilcox <matthew@wil.cx>
9 2004-10-09
10 ===============================================================================
12 1. Introduction
13 2. Supported chips and SCSI features
14 3. Advantages of this driver for newer chips.
15 3.1 Optimized SCSI SCRIPTS
16 3.2 New features appeared with the SYM53C896
17 4. Memory mapped I/O versus normal I/O
18 5. Tagged command queueing
19 6. Parity checking
20 7. Profiling information
21 8. Control commands
22 8.1 Set minimum synchronous period
23 8.2 Set wide size
24 8.3 Set maximum number of concurrent tagged commands
25 8.4 Set debug mode
26 8.5 Set flag (no_disc)
27 8.6 Set verbose level
28 8.7 Reset all logical units of a target
29 8.8 Abort all tasks of all logical units of a target
30 9. Configuration parameters
31 10. Boot setup commands
32 10.1 Syntax
33 10.2 Available arguments
34 10.2.1 Default number of tagged commands
35 10.2.2 Burst max
36 10.2.3 LED support
37 10.2.4 Differential mode
38 10.2.5 IRQ mode
39 10.2.6 Check SCSI BUS
40 10.2.7 Suggest a default SCSI id for hosts
41 10.2.8 Verbosity level
42 10.2.9 Debug mode
43 10.2.10 Settle delay
44 10.2.11 Serial NVRAM
45 10.2.12 Exclude a host from being attached
46 10.3 Converting from old options
47 10.4 SCSI BUS checking boot option
48 11. SCSI problem troubleshooting
49 15.1 Problem tracking
50 15.2 Understanding hardware error reports
51 12. Serial NVRAM support (by Richard Waltham)
52 17.1 Features
53 17.2 Symbios NVRAM layout
54 17.3 Tekram NVRAM layout
56 ===============================================================================
58 1. Introduction
60 This driver supports the whole SYM53C8XX family of PCI-SCSI controllers.
61 It also support the subset of LSI53C10XX PCI-SCSI controllers that are based
62 on the SYM53C8XX SCRIPTS language.
64 It replaces the sym53c8xx+ncr53c8xx driver bundle and shares its core code
65 with the FreeBSD SYM-2 driver. The `glue' that allows this driver to work
66 under Linux is contained in 2 files named sym_glue.h and sym_glue.c.
67 Other drivers files are intended not to depend on the Operating System
68 on which the driver is used.
70 The history of this driver can be summarized as follows:
72 1993: ncr driver written for 386bsd and FreeBSD by:
73 Wolfgang Stanglmeier <wolf@cologne.de>
74 Stefan Esser <se@mi.Uni-Koeln.de>
76 1996: port of the ncr driver to Linux-1.2.13 and rename it ncr53c8xx.
77 Gerard Roudier
79 1998: new sym53c8xx driver for Linux based on LOAD/STORE instruction and that
80 adds full support for the 896 but drops support for early NCR devices.
81 Gerard Roudier
83 1999: port of the sym53c8xx driver to FreeBSD and support for the LSI53C1010
84 33 MHz and 66MHz Ultra-3 controllers. The new driver is named `sym'.
85 Gerard Roudier
87 2000: Add support for early NCR devices to FreeBSD `sym' driver.
88 Break the driver into several sources and separate the OS glue
89 code from the core code that can be shared among different O/Ses.
90 Write a glue code for Linux.
91 Gerard Roudier
93 2004: Remove FreeBSD compatibility code. Remove support for versions of
94 Linux before 2.6. Start using Linux facilities.
96 This README file addresses the Linux version of the driver. Under FreeBSD,
97 the driver documentation is the sym.8 man page.
99 Information about new chips is available at LSILOGIC web server:
101 http://www.lsilogic.com/
103 SCSI standard documentations are available at T10 site:
105 http://www.t10.org/
107 Useful SCSI tools written by Eric Youngdale are part of most Linux
108 distributions:
109 scsiinfo: command line tool
110 scsi-config: TCL/Tk tool using scsiinfo
112 2. Supported chips and SCSI features
114 The following features are supported for all chips:
116 Synchronous negotiation
117 Disconnection
118 Tagged command queuing
119 SCSI parity checking
120 PCI Master parity checking
122 Other features depends on chip capabilities.
123 The driver notably uses optimized SCRIPTS for devices that support
124 LOAD/STORE and handles PHASE MISMATCH from SCRIPTS for devices that
125 support the corresponding feature.
127 The following table shows some characteristics of the chip family.
129 On board LOAD/STORE HARDWARE
130 Chip SDMS BIOS Wide SCSI std. Max. sync SCRIPTS PHASE MISMATCH
131 ---- --------- ---- --------- ---------- ---------- --------------
132 810 N N FAST10 10 MB/s N N
133 810A N N FAST10 10 MB/s Y N
134 815 Y N FAST10 10 MB/s N N
135 825 Y Y FAST10 20 MB/s N N
136 825A Y Y FAST10 20 MB/s Y N
137 860 N N FAST20 20 MB/s Y N
138 875 Y Y FAST20 40 MB/s Y N
139 875A Y Y FAST20 40 MB/s Y Y
140 876 Y Y FAST20 40 MB/s Y N
141 895 Y Y FAST40 80 MB/s Y N
142 895A Y Y FAST40 80 MB/s Y Y
143 896 Y Y FAST40 80 MB/s Y Y
144 897 Y Y FAST40 80 MB/s Y Y
145 1510D Y Y FAST40 80 MB/s Y Y
146 1010 Y Y FAST80 160 MB/s Y Y
147 1010_66* Y Y FAST80 160 MB/s Y Y
149 * Chip supports 33MHz and 66MHz PCI bus clock.
152 Summary of other supported features:
154 Module: allow to load the driver
155 Memory mapped I/O: increases performance
156 Control commands: write operations to the proc SCSI file system
157 Debugging information: written to syslog (expert only)
158 Scatter / gather
159 Shared interrupt
160 Boot setup commands
161 Serial NVRAM: Symbios and Tekram formats
164 3. Advantages of this driver for newer chips.
166 3.1 Optimized SCSI SCRIPTS.
168 All chips except the 810, 815 and 825, support new SCSI SCRIPTS instructions
169 named LOAD and STORE that allow to move up to 1 DWORD from/to an IO register
170 to/from memory much faster that the MOVE MEMORY instruction that is supported
171 by the 53c7xx and 53c8xx family.
173 The LOAD/STORE instructions support absolute and DSA relative addressing
174 modes. The SCSI SCRIPTS had been entirely rewritten using LOAD/STORE instead
175 of MOVE MEMORY instructions.
177 Due to the lack of LOAD/STORE SCRIPTS instructions by earlier chips, this
178 driver also incorporates a different SCRIPTS set based on MEMORY MOVE, in
179 order to provide support for the entire SYM53C8XX chips family.
181 3.2 New features appeared with the SYM53C896
183 Newer chips (see above) allows handling of the phase mismatch context from
184 SCRIPTS (avoids the phase mismatch interrupt that stops the SCSI processor
185 until the C code has saved the context of the transfer).
187 The 896 and 1010 chips support 64 bit PCI transactions and addressing,
188 while the 895A supports 32 bit PCI transactions and 64 bit addressing.
189 The SCRIPTS processor of these chips is not true 64 bit, but uses segment
190 registers for bit 32-63. Another interesting feature is that LOAD/STORE
191 instructions that address the on-chip RAM (8k) remain internal to the chip.
193 4. Memory mapped I/O versus normal I/O
195 Memory mapped I/O has less latency than normal I/O and is the recommended
196 way for doing IO with PCI devices. Memory mapped I/O seems to work fine on
197 most hardware configurations, but some poorly designed chipsets may break
198 this feature. A configuration option is provided for normal I/O to be
199 used but the driver defaults to MMIO.
201 5. Tagged command queueing
203 Queuing more than 1 command at a time to a device allows it to perform
204 optimizations based on actual head positions and its mechanical
205 characteristics. This feature may also reduce average command latency.
206 In order to really gain advantage of this feature, devices must have
207 a reasonable cache size (No miracle is to be expected for a low-end
208 hard disk with 128 KB or less).
209 Some known old SCSI devices do not properly support tagged command queuing.
210 Generally, firmware revisions that fix this kind of problems are available
211 at respective vendor web/ftp sites.
212 All I can say is that I never have had problem with tagged queuing using
213 this driver and its predecessors. Hard disks that behaved correctly for
214 me using tagged commands are the following:
216 - IBM S12 0662
217 - Conner 1080S
218 - Quantum Atlas I
219 - Quantum Atlas II
220 - Seagate Cheetah I
221 - Quantum Viking II
222 - IBM DRVS
223 - Quantum Atlas IV
224 - Seagate Cheetah II
226 If your controller has NVRAM, you can configure this feature per target
227 from the user setup tool. The Tekram Setup program allows to tune the
228 maximum number of queued commands up to 32. The Symbios Setup only allows
229 to enable or disable this feature.
231 The maximum number of simultaneous tagged commands queued to a device
232 is currently set to 16 by default. This value is suitable for most SCSI
233 disks. With large SCSI disks (>= 2GB, cache >= 512KB, average seek time
234 <= 10 ms), using a larger value may give better performances.
236 This driver supports up to 255 commands per device, and but using more than
237 64 is generally not worth-while, unless you are using a very large disk or
238 disk arrays. It is noticeable that most of recent hard disks seem not to
239 accept more than 64 simultaneous commands. So, using more than 64 queued
240 commands is probably just resource wasting.
242 If your controller does not have NVRAM or if it is managed by the SDMS
243 BIOS/SETUP, you can configure tagged queueing feature and device queue
244 depths from the boot command-line. For example:
246 sym53c8xx=tags:4/t2t3q15-t4q7/t1u0q32
248 will set tagged commands queue depths as follow:
250 - target 2 all luns on controller 0 --> 15
251 - target 3 all luns on controller 0 --> 15
252 - target 4 all luns on controller 0 --> 7
253 - target 1 lun 0 on controller 1 --> 32
254 - all other target/lun --> 4
256 In some special conditions, some SCSI disk firmwares may return a
257 QUEUE FULL status for a SCSI command. This behaviour is managed by the
258 driver using the following heuristic:
260 - Each time a QUEUE FULL status is returned, tagged queue depth is reduced
261 to the actual number of disconnected commands.
263 - Every 200 successfully completed SCSI commands, if allowed by the
264 current limit, the maximum number of queueable commands is incremented.
266 Since QUEUE FULL status reception and handling is resource wasting, the
267 driver notifies by default this problem to user by indicating the actual
268 number of commands used and their status, as well as its decision on the
269 device queue depth change.
270 The heuristic used by the driver in handling QUEUE FULL ensures that the
271 impact on performances is not too bad. You can get rid of the messages by
272 setting verbose level to zero, as follow:
274 1st method: boot your system using 'sym53c8xx=verb:0' option.
275 2nd method: apply "setverbose 0" control command to the proc fs entry
276 corresponding to your controller after boot-up.
278 6. Parity checking
280 The driver supports SCSI parity checking and PCI bus master parity
281 checking. These features must be enabled in order to ensure safe
282 data transfers. Some flawed devices or mother boards may have problems
283 with parity. The options to defeat parity checking have been removed
284 from the driver.
286 7. Profiling information
288 This driver does not provide profiling information as did its predecessors.
289 This feature was not this useful and added complexity to the code.
290 As the driver code got more complex, I have decided to remove everything
291 that didn't seem actually useful.
293 8. Control commands
295 Control commands can be sent to the driver with write operations to
296 the proc SCSI file system. The generic command syntax is the
297 following:
299 echo "<verb> <parameters>" >/proc/scsi/sym53c8xx/0
300 (assumes controller number is 0)
302 Using "all" for "<target>" parameter with the commands below will
303 apply to all targets of the SCSI chain (except the controller).
305 Available commands:
307 8.1 Set minimum synchronous period factor
309 setsync <target> <period factor>
311 target: target number
312 period: minimum synchronous period.
313 Maximum speed = 1000/(4*period factor) except for special
314 cases below.
316 Specify a period of 0, to force asynchronous transfer mode.
318 9 means 12.5 nano-seconds synchronous period
319 10 means 25 nano-seconds synchronous period
320 11 means 30 nano-seconds synchronous period
321 12 means 50 nano-seconds synchronous period
323 8.2 Set wide size
325 setwide <target> <size>
327 target: target number
328 size: 0=8 bits, 1=16bits
330 8.3 Set maximum number of concurrent tagged commands
332 settags <target> <tags>
334 target: target number
335 tags: number of concurrent tagged commands
336 must not be greater than configured (default: 16)
338 8.4 Set debug mode
340 setdebug <list of debug flags>
342 Available debug flags:
343 alloc: print info about memory allocations (ccb, lcb)
344 queue: print info about insertions into the command start queue
345 result: print sense data on CHECK CONDITION status
346 scatter: print info about the scatter process
347 scripts: print info about the script binding process
348 tiny: print minimal debugging information
349 timing: print timing information of the NCR chip
350 nego: print information about SCSI negotiations
351 phase: print information on script interruptions
353 Use "setdebug" with no argument to reset debug flags.
356 8.5 Set flag (no_disc)
358 setflag <target> <flag>
360 target: target number
362 For the moment, only one flag is available:
364 no_disc: not allow target to disconnect.
366 Do not specify any flag in order to reset the flag. For example:
367 - setflag 4
368 will reset no_disc flag for target 4, so will allow it disconnections.
369 - setflag all
370 will allow disconnection for all devices on the SCSI bus.
373 8.6 Set verbose level
375 setverbose #level
377 The driver default verbose level is 1. This command allows to change
378 th driver verbose level after boot-up.
380 8.7 Reset all logical units of a target
382 resetdev <target>
384 target: target number
385 The driver will try to send a BUS DEVICE RESET message to the target.
387 8.8 Abort all tasks of all logical units of a target
389 cleardev <target>
391 target: target number
392 The driver will try to send a ABORT message to all the logical units
393 of the target.
396 9. Configuration parameters
398 Under kernel configuration tools (make menuconfig, for example), it is
399 possible to change some default driver configuration parameters.
400 If the firmware of all your devices is perfect enough, all the
401 features supported by the driver can be enabled at start-up. However,
402 if only one has a flaw for some SCSI feature, you can disable the
403 support by the driver of this feature at linux start-up and enable
404 this feature after boot-up only for devices that support it safely.
406 Configuration parameters:
408 Use normal IO (default answer: n)
409 Answer "y" if you suspect your mother board to not allow memory mapped I/O.
410 May slow down performance a little.
412 Default tagged command queue depth (default answer: 16)
413 Entering 0 defaults to tagged commands not being used.
414 This parameter can be specified from the boot command line.
416 Maximum number of queued commands (default answer: 32)
417 This option allows you to specify the maximum number of tagged commands
418 that can be queued to a device. The maximum supported value is 255.
420 Synchronous transfers frequency (default answer: 80)
421 This option allows you to specify the frequency in MHz the driver
422 will use at boot time for synchronous data transfer negotiations.
423 0 means "asynchronous data transfers".
425 10. Boot setup commands
427 10.1 Syntax
429 Setup commands can be passed to the driver either at boot time or as
430 parameters to modprobe, as described in Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
432 Example of boot setup command under lilo prompt:
434 lilo: linux root=/dev/sda2 sym53c8xx.cmd_per_lun=4 sym53c8xx.sync=10 sym53c8xx.debug=0x200
436 - enable tagged commands, up to 4 tagged commands queued.
437 - set synchronous negotiation speed to 10 Mega-transfers / second.
438 - set DEBUG_NEGO flag.
440 The following command will install the driver module with the same
441 options as above.
443 modprobe sym53c8xx cmd_per_lun=4 sync=10 debug=0x200
445 10.2 Available arguments
447 10.2.1 Default number of tagged commands
448 cmd_per_lun=0 (or cmd_per_lun=1) tagged command queuing disabled
449 cmd_per_lun=#tags (#tags > 1) tagged command queuing enabled
450 #tags will be truncated to the max queued commands configuration parameter.
452 10.2.2 Burst max
453 burst=0 burst disabled
454 burst=255 get burst length from initial IO register settings.
455 burst=#x burst enabled (1<<#x burst transfers max)
456 #x is an integer value which is log base 2 of the burst transfers max.
457 By default the driver uses the maximum value supported by the chip.
459 10.2.3 LED support
460 led=1 enable LED support
461 led=0 disable LED support
462 Do not enable LED support if your scsi board does not use SDMS BIOS.
463 (See 'Configuration parameters')
465 10.2.4 Differential mode
466 diff=0 never set up diff mode
467 diff=1 set up diff mode if BIOS set it
468 diff=2 always set up diff mode
469 diff=3 set diff mode if GPIO3 is not set
471 10.2.5 IRQ mode
472 irqm=0 always open drain
473 irqm=1 same as initial settings (assumed BIOS settings)
474 irqm=2 always totem pole
476 10.2.6 Check SCSI BUS
477 buschk=<option bits>
479 Available option bits:
480 0x0: No check.
481 0x1: Check and do not attach the controller on error.
482 0x2: Check and just warn on error.
484 10.2.7 Suggest a default SCSI id for hosts
485 hostid=255 no id suggested.
486 hostid=#x (0 < x < 7) x suggested for hosts SCSI id.
488 If a host SCSI id is available from the NVRAM, the driver will ignore
489 any value suggested as boot option. Otherwise, if a suggested value
490 different from 255 has been supplied, it will use it. Otherwise, it will
491 try to deduce the value previously set in the hardware and use value
492 7 if the hardware value is zero.
494 10.2.8 Verbosity level
495 verb=0 minimal
496 verb=1 normal
497 verb=2 too much
499 10.2.9 Debug mode
500 debug=0 clear debug flags
501 debug=#x set debug flags
502 #x is an integer value combining the following power-of-2 values:
503 DEBUG_ALLOC 0x1
504 DEBUG_PHASE 0x2
505 DEBUG_POLL 0x4
506 DEBUG_QUEUE 0x8
507 DEBUG_RESULT 0x10
508 DEBUG_SCATTER 0x20
509 DEBUG_SCRIPT 0x40
510 DEBUG_TINY 0x80
511 DEBUG_TIMING 0x100
512 DEBUG_NEGO 0x200
513 DEBUG_TAGS 0x400
514 DEBUG_FREEZE 0x800
515 DEBUG_RESTART 0x1000
517 You can play safely with DEBUG_NEGO. However, some of these flags may
518 generate bunches of syslog messages.
520 10.2.10 Settle delay
521 settle=n delay for n seconds
523 After a bus reset, the driver will delay for n seconds before talking
524 to any device on the bus. The default is 3 seconds and safe mode will
525 default it to 10.
527 10.2.11 Serial NVRAM
528 NB: option not currently implemented.
529 nvram=n do not look for serial NVRAM
530 nvram=y test controllers for onboard serial NVRAM
531 (alternate binary form)
532 nvram=<bits options>
533 0x01 look for NVRAM (equivalent to nvram=y)
534 0x02 ignore NVRAM "Synchronous negotiation" parameters for all devices
535 0x04 ignore NVRAM "Wide negotiation" parameter for all devices
536 0x08 ignore NVRAM "Scan at boot time" parameter for all devices
537 0x80 also attach controllers set to OFF in the NVRAM (sym53c8xx only)
539 10.2.12 Exclude a host from being attached
540 excl=<io_address>,...
542 Prevent host at a given io address from being attached.
543 For example 'excl=0xb400,0xc000' indicate to the
544 driver not to attach hosts at address 0xb400 and 0xc000.
546 10.3 Converting from old style options
548 Previously, the sym2 driver accepted arguments of the form
549 sym53c8xx=tags:4,sync:10,debug:0x200
551 As a result of the new module parameters, this is no longer available.
552 Most of the options have remained the same, but tags has become
553 cmd_per_lun to reflect its different purposes. The sample above would
554 be specified as:
555 modprobe sym53c8xx cmd_per_lun=4 sync=10 debug=0x200
557 or on the kernel boot line as:
558 sym53c8xx.cmd_per_lun=4 sym53c8xx.sync=10 sym53c8xx.debug=0x200
560 10.4 SCSI BUS checking boot option.
562 When this option is set to a non-zero value, the driver checks SCSI lines
563 logic state, 100 micro-seconds after having asserted the SCSI RESET line.
564 The driver just reads SCSI lines and checks all lines read FALSE except RESET.
565 Since SCSI devices shall release the BUS at most 800 nano-seconds after SCSI
566 RESET has been asserted, any signal to TRUE may indicate a SCSI BUS problem.
567 Unfortunately, the following common SCSI BUS problems are not detected:
568 - Only 1 terminator installed.
569 - Misplaced terminators.
570 - Bad quality terminators.
571 On the other hand, either bad cabling, broken devices, not conformant
572 devices, ... may cause a SCSI signal to be wrong when te driver reads it.
574 15. SCSI problem troubleshooting
576 15.1 Problem tracking
578 Most SCSI problems are due to a non conformant SCSI bus or too buggy
579 devices. If unfortunately you have SCSI problems, you can check the
580 following things:
582 - SCSI bus cables
583 - terminations at both end of the SCSI chain
584 - linux syslog messages (some of them may help you)
586 If you do not find the source of problems, you can configure the
587 driver or devices in the NVRAM with minimal features.
589 - only asynchronous data transfers
590 - tagged commands disabled
591 - disconnections not allowed
593 Now, if your SCSI bus is ok, your system has every chance to work
594 with this safe configuration but performances will not be optimal.
596 If it still fails, then you can send your problem description to
597 appropriate mailing lists or news-groups. Send me a copy in order to
598 be sure I will receive it. Obviously, a bug in the driver code is
599 possible.
601 My current email address: Gerard Roudier <groudier@free.fr>
603 Allowing disconnections is important if you use several devices on
604 your SCSI bus but often causes problems with buggy devices.
605 Synchronous data transfers increases throughput of fast devices like
606 hard disks. Good SCSI hard disks with a large cache gain advantage of
607 tagged commands queuing.
609 15.2 Understanding hardware error reports
611 When the driver detects an unexpected error condition, it may display a
612 message of the following pattern.
614 sym0:1: ERROR (0:48) (1-21-65) (f/95/0) @ (script 7c0:19000000).
615 sym0: script cmd = 19000000
616 sym0: regdump: da 10 80 95 47 0f 01 07 75 01 81 21 80 01 09 00.
618 Some fields in such a message may help you understand the cause of the
619 problem, as follows:
621 sym0:1: ERROR (0:48) (1-21-65) (f/95/0) @ (script 7c0:19000000).
622 .....A.........B.C....D.E..F....G.H..I.......J.....K...L.......
624 Field A : target number.
625 SCSI ID of the device the controller was talking with at the moment the
626 error occurs.
628 Field B : DSTAT io register (DMA STATUS)
629 Bit 0x40 : MDPE Master Data Parity Error
630 Data parity error detected on the PCI BUS.
631 Bit 0x20 : BF Bus Fault
632 PCI bus fault condition detected
633 Bit 0x01 : IID Illegal Instruction Detected
634 Set by the chip when it detects an Illegal Instruction format
635 on some condition that makes an instruction illegal.
636 Bit 0x80 : DFE Dma Fifo Empty
637 Pure status bit that does not indicate an error.
638 If the reported DSTAT value contains a combination of MDPE (0x40),
639 BF (0x20), then the cause may be likely due to a PCI BUS problem.
641 Field C : SIST io register (SCSI Interrupt Status)
642 Bit 0x08 : SGE SCSI GROSS ERROR
643 Indicates that the chip detected a severe error condition
644 on the SCSI BUS that prevents the SCSI protocol from functioning
645 properly.
646 Bit 0x04 : UDC Unexpected Disconnection
647 Indicates that the device released the SCSI BUS when the chip
648 was not expecting this to happen. A device may behave so to
649 indicate the SCSI initiator that an error condition not reportable using the SCSI protocol has occurred.
650 Bit 0x02 : RST SCSI BUS Reset
651 Generally SCSI targets do not reset the SCSI BUS, although any
652 device on the BUS can reset it at any time.
653 Bit 0x01 : PAR Parity
654 SCSI parity error detected.
655 On a faulty SCSI BUS, any error condition among SGE (0x08), UDC (0x04) and
656 PAR (0x01) may be detected by the chip. If your SCSI system sometimes
657 encounters such error conditions, especially SCSI GROSS ERROR, then a SCSI
658 BUS problem is likely the cause of these errors.
660 For fields D,E,F,G and H, you may look into the sym53c8xx_defs.h file
661 that contains some minimal comments on IO register bits.
662 Field D : SOCL Scsi Output Control Latch
663 This register reflects the state of the SCSI control lines the
664 chip want to drive or compare against.
665 Field E : SBCL Scsi Bus Control Lines
666 Actual value of control lines on the SCSI BUS.
667 Field F : SBDL Scsi Bus Data Lines
668 Actual value of data lines on the SCSI BUS.
669 Field G : SXFER SCSI Transfer
670 Contains the setting of the Synchronous Period for output and
671 the current Synchronous offset (offset 0 means asynchronous).
672 Field H : SCNTL3 Scsi Control Register 3
673 Contains the setting of timing values for both asynchronous and
674 synchronous data transfers.
675 Field I : SCNTL4 Scsi Control Register 4
676 Only meaningful for 53C1010 Ultra3 controllers.
678 Understanding Fields J, K, L and dumps requires to have good knowledge of
679 SCSI standards, chip cores functionnals and internal driver data structures.
680 You are not required to decode and understand them, unless you want to help
681 maintain the driver code.
683 17. Serial NVRAM (added by Richard Waltham: dormouse@farsrobt.demon.co.uk)
685 17.1 Features
687 Enabling serial NVRAM support enables detection of the serial NVRAM included
688 on Symbios and some Symbios compatible host adaptors, and Tekram boards. The
689 serial NVRAM is used by Symbios and Tekram to hold set up parameters for the
690 host adaptor and its attached drives.
692 The Symbios NVRAM also holds data on the boot order of host adaptors in a
693 system with more than one host adaptor. This information is no longer used
694 as it's fundamentally incompatible with the hotplug PCI model.
696 Tekram boards using Symbios chips, DC390W/F/U, which have NVRAM are detected
697 and this is used to distinguish between Symbios compatible and Tekram host
698 adaptors. This is used to disable the Symbios compatible "diff" setting
699 incorrectly set on Tekram boards if the CONFIG_SCSI_53C8XX_SYMBIOS_COMPAT
700 configuration parameter is set enabling both Symbios and Tekram boards to be
701 used together with the Symbios cards using all their features, including
702 "diff" support. ("led pin" support for Symbios compatible cards can remain
703 enabled when using Tekram cards. It does nothing useful for Tekram host
704 adaptors but does not cause problems either.)
706 The parameters the driver is able to get from the NVRAM depend on the
707 data format used, as follow:
709 Tekram format Symbios format
710 General and host parameters
711 Boot order N Y
712 Host SCSI ID Y Y
713 SCSI parity checking Y Y
714 Verbose boot messages N Y
715 SCSI devices parameters
716 Synchronous transfer speed Y Y
717 Wide 16 / Narrow Y Y
718 Tagged Command Queuing enabled Y Y
719 Disconnections enabled Y Y
720 Scan at boot time N Y
722 In order to speed up the system boot, for each device configured without
723 the "scan at boot time" option, the driver forces an error on the
724 first TEST UNIT READY command received for this device.
727 17.2 Symbios NVRAM layout
729 typical data at NVRAM address 0x100 (53c810a NVRAM)
730 -----------------------------------------------------------
731 00 00
732 64 01
733 8e 0b
735 00 30 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 04 10 04 00 00
737 04 00 0f 00 00 10 00 50 00 00 01 00 00 62
738 04 00 03 00 00 10 00 58 00 00 01 00 00 63
739 04 00 01 00 00 10 00 48 00 00 01 00 00 61
740 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
742 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
743 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
744 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
745 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
746 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
747 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
748 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
749 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
751 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
752 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
753 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
754 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
755 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
756 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
757 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
758 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
760 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
761 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
762 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
763 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
764 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
765 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
766 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
767 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
769 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
770 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
771 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
772 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
773 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
774 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
775 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
776 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
778 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
779 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
780 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
782 fe fe
783 00 00
784 00 00
785 -----------------------------------------------------------
786 NVRAM layout details
788 NVRAM Address 0x000-0x0ff not used
789 0x100-0x26f initialised data
790 0x270-0x7ff not used
792 general layout
794 header - 6 bytes,
795 data - 356 bytes (checksum is byte sum of this data)
796 trailer - 6 bytes
797 ---
798 total 368 bytes
800 data area layout
802 controller set up - 20 bytes
803 boot configuration - 56 bytes (4x14 bytes)
804 device set up - 128 bytes (16x8 bytes)
805 unused (spare?) - 152 bytes (19x8 bytes)
806 ---
807 total 356 bytes
809 -----------------------------------------------------------
810 header
812 00 00 - ?? start marker
813 64 01 - byte count (lsb/msb excludes header/trailer)
814 8e 0b - checksum (lsb/msb excludes header/trailer)
815 -----------------------------------------------------------
816 controller set up
818 00 30 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 04 10 04 00 00
819 | | | |
820 | | | -- host ID
821 | | |
822 | | --Removable Media Support
823 | | 0x00 = none
824 | | 0x01 = Bootable Device
825 | | 0x02 = All with Media
826 | |
827 | --flag bits 2
828 | 0x00000001= scan order hi->low
829 | (default 0x00 - scan low->hi)
830 --flag bits 1
831 0x00000001 scam enable
832 0x00000010 parity enable
833 0x00000100 verbose boot msgs
835 remaining bytes unknown - they do not appear to change in my
836 current set up for any of the controllers.
838 default set up is identical for 53c810a and 53c875 NVRAM
839 (Removable Media added Symbios BIOS version 4.09)
840 -----------------------------------------------------------
841 boot configuration
843 boot order set by order of the devices in this table
845 04 00 0f 00 00 10 00 50 00 00 01 00 00 62 -- 1st controller
846 04 00 03 00 00 10 00 58 00 00 01 00 00 63 2nd controller
847 04 00 01 00 00 10 00 48 00 00 01 00 00 61 3rd controller
848 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4th controller
849 | | | | | | | |
850 | | | | | | ---- PCI io port adr
851 | | | | | --0x01 init/scan at boot time
852 | | | | --PCI device/function number (0xdddddfff)
853 | | ----- ?? PCI vendor ID (lsb/msb)
854 ----PCI device ID (lsb/msb)
856 ?? use of this data is a guess but seems reasonable
858 remaining bytes unknown - they do not appear to change in my
859 current set up
861 default set up is identical for 53c810a and 53c875 NVRAM
862 -----------------------------------------------------------
863 device set up (up to 16 devices - includes controller)
865 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00 - id 0
866 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
867 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
868 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
869 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
870 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
871 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
872 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
874 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
875 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
876 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
877 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
878 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
879 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
880 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00
881 0f 00 08 08 64 00 0a 00 - id 15
882 | | | | | |
883 | | | | ----timeout (lsb/msb)
884 | | | --synch period (0x?? 40 Mtrans/sec- fast 40) (probably 0x28)
885 | | | (0x30 20 Mtrans/sec- fast 20)
886 | | | (0x64 10 Mtrans/sec- fast )
887 | | | (0xc8 5 Mtrans/sec)
888 | | | (0x00 asynchronous)
889 | | -- ?? max sync offset (0x08 in NVRAM on 53c810a)
890 | | (0x10 in NVRAM on 53c875)
891 | --device bus width (0x08 narrow)
892 | (0x10 16 bit wide)
893 --flag bits
894 0x00000001 - disconnect enabled
895 0x00000010 - scan at boot time
896 0x00000100 - scan luns
897 0x00001000 - queue tags enabled
899 remaining bytes unknown - they do not appear to change in my
900 current set up
902 ?? use of this data is a guess but seems reasonable
903 (but it could be max bus width)
905 default set up for 53c810a NVRAM
906 default set up for 53c875 NVRAM - bus width - 0x10
907 - sync offset ? - 0x10
908 - sync period - 0x30
909 -----------------------------------------------------------
910 ?? spare device space (32 bit bus ??)
912 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 (19x8bytes)
913 .
914 .
915 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
917 default set up is identical for 53c810a and 53c875 NVRAM
918 -----------------------------------------------------------
919 trailer
921 fe fe - ? end marker ?
922 00 00
923 00 00
925 default set up is identical for 53c810a and 53c875 NVRAM
926 -----------------------------------------------------------
930 17.3 Tekram NVRAM layout
932 nvram 64x16 (1024 bit)
934 Drive settings
936 Drive ID 0-15 (addr 0x0yyyy0 = device setup, yyyy = ID)
937 (addr 0x0yyyy1 = 0x0000)
939 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
940 | | | | | | | | |
941 | | | | | | | | ----- parity check 0 - off
942 | | | | | | | | 1 - on
943 | | | | | | | |
944 | | | | | | | ------- sync neg 0 - off
945 | | | | | | | 1 - on
946 | | | | | | |
947 | | | | | | --------- disconnect 0 - off
948 | | | | | | 1 - on
949 | | | | | |
950 | | | | | ----------- start cmd 0 - off
951 | | | | | 1 - on
952 | | | | |
953 | | | | -------------- tagged cmds 0 - off
954 | | | | 1 - on
955 | | | |
956 | | | ---------------- wide neg 0 - off
957 | | | 1 - on
958 | | |
959 --------------------------- sync rate 0 - 10.0 Mtrans/sec
960 1 - 8.0
961 2 - 6.6
962 3 - 5.7
963 4 - 5.0
964 5 - 4.0
965 6 - 3.0
966 7 - 2.0
967 7 - 2.0
968 8 - 20.0
969 9 - 16.7
970 a - 13.9
971 b - 11.9
973 Global settings
975 Host flags 0 (addr 0x100000, 32)
977 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
978 | | | | | | | | | | | |
979 | | | | | | | | ----------- host ID 0x00 - 0x0f
980 | | | | | | | |
981 | | | | | | | ----------------------- support for 0 - off
982 | | | | | | | > 2 drives 1 - on
983 | | | | | | |
984 | | | | | | ------------------------- support drives 0 - off
985 | | | | | | > 1Gbytes 1 - on
986 | | | | | |
987 | | | | | --------------------------- bus reset on 0 - off
988 | | | | | power on 1 - on
989 | | | | |
990 | | | | ----------------------------- active neg 0 - off
991 | | | | 1 - on
992 | | | |
993 | | | -------------------------------- imm seek 0 - off
994 | | | 1 - on
995 | | |
996 | | ---------------------------------- scan luns 0 - off
997 | | 1 - on
998 | |
999 -------------------------------------- removable 0 - disable
1000 as BIOS dev 1 - boot device
1001 2 - all
1003 Host flags 1 (addr 0x100001, 33)
1005 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
1006 | | | | | |
1007 | | | --------- boot delay 0 - 3 sec
1008 | | | 1 - 5
1009 | | | 2 - 10
1010 | | | 3 - 20
1011 | | | 4 - 30
1012 | | | 5 - 60
1013 | | | 6 - 120
1014 | | |
1015 --------------------------- max tag cmds 0 - 2
1016 1 - 4
1017 2 - 8
1018 3 - 16
1019 4 - 32
1021 Host flags 2 (addr 0x100010, 34)
1023 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
1024 |
1025 ----- F2/F6 enable 0 - off ???
1026 1 - on ???
1028 checksum (addr 0x111111)
1030 checksum = 0x1234 - (sum addr 0-63)
1032 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1034 default nvram data:
1036 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000
1037 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000
1038 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000
1039 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000 0x0037 0x0000
1041 0x0f07 0x0400 0x0001 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000
1042 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000
1043 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000
1044 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0x0000 0xfbbc
1047 ===============================================================================
1048 End of Linux SYM-2 driver documentation file