1 This file summarizes information on basic testing of USB functions
11 8. MASS STORAGE function
18 15. SOURCESINK function
28 The function is provided by usb_f_acm.ko module.
30 Function-specific configfs interface
31 ------------------------------------
33 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "acm".
34 The ACM function provides just one attribute in its function directory:
38 The attribute is read-only.
40 There can be at most 4 ACM/generic serial/OBEX ports in the system.
43 Testing the ACM function
44 ------------------------
46 On the host: cat > /dev/ttyACM<X>
47 On the device : cat /dev/ttyGS<Y>
49 then the other way round
51 On the device: cat > /dev/ttyGS<Y>
52 On the host: cat /dev/ttyACM<X>
57 The function is provided by usb_f_ecm.ko module.
59 Function-specific configfs interface
60 ------------------------------------
62 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "ecm".
63 The ECM function provides these attributes in its function directory:
65 ifname - network device interface name associated with this
67 qmult - queue length multiplier for high and super speed
68 host_addr - MAC address of host's end of this
69 Ethernet over USB link
70 dev_addr - MAC address of device's end of this
71 Ethernet over USB link
73 and after creating the functions/ecm.<instance name> they contain default
74 values: qmult is 5, dev_addr and host_addr are randomly selected.
75 Except for ifname they can be written to until the function is linked to a
76 configuration. The ifname is read-only and contains the name of the interface
77 which was assigned by the net core, e. g. usb0.
79 Testing the ECM function
80 ------------------------
82 Configure IP addresses of the device and the host. Then:
84 On the device: ping <host's IP>
85 On the host: ping <device's IP>
87 3. ECM subset function
88 ======================
90 The function is provided by usb_f_ecm_subset.ko module.
92 Function-specific configfs interface
93 ------------------------------------
95 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "geth".
96 The ECM subset function provides these attributes in its function directory:
98 ifname - network device interface name associated with this
100 qmult - queue length multiplier for high and super speed
101 host_addr - MAC address of host's end of this
102 Ethernet over USB link
103 dev_addr - MAC address of device's end of this
104 Ethernet over USB link
106 and after creating the functions/ecm.<instance name> they contain default
107 values: qmult is 5, dev_addr and host_addr are randomly selected.
108 Except for ifname they can be written to until the function is linked to a
109 configuration. The ifname is read-only and contains the name of the interface
110 which was assigned by the net core, e. g. usb0.
112 Testing the ECM subset function
113 -------------------------------
115 Configure IP addresses of the device and the host. Then:
117 On the device: ping <host's IP>
118 On the host: ping <device's IP>
123 The function is provided by usb_f_eem.ko module.
125 Function-specific configfs interface
126 ------------------------------------
128 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "eem".
129 The EEM function provides these attributes in its function directory:
131 ifname - network device interface name associated with this
133 qmult - queue length multiplier for high and super speed
134 host_addr - MAC address of host's end of this
135 Ethernet over USB link
136 dev_addr - MAC address of device's end of this
137 Ethernet over USB link
139 and after creating the functions/eem.<instance name> they contain default
140 values: qmult is 5, dev_addr and host_addr are randomly selected.
141 Except for ifname they can be written to until the function is linked to a
142 configuration. The ifname is read-only and contains the name of the interface
143 which was assigned by the net core, e. g. usb0.
145 Testing the EEM function
146 ------------------------
148 Configure IP addresses of the device and the host. Then:
150 On the device: ping <host's IP>
151 On the host: ping <device's IP>
156 The function is provided by usb_f_fs.ko module.
158 Function-specific configfs interface
159 ------------------------------------
161 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "ffs".
162 The function directory is intentionally empty and not modifiable.
164 After creating the directory there is a new instance (a "device") of FunctionFS
165 available in the system. Once a "device" is available, the user should follow
166 the standard procedure for using FunctionFS (mount it, run the userspace
167 process which implements the function proper). The gadget should be enabled
168 by writing a suitable string to usb_gadget/<gadget>/UDC.
170 Testing the FFS function
171 ------------------------
173 On the device: start the function's userspace daemon, enable the gadget
174 On the host: use the USB function provided by the device
179 The function is provided by usb_f_hid.ko module.
181 Function-specific configfs interface
182 ------------------------------------
184 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "hid".
185 The HID function provides these attributes in its function directory:
187 protocol - HID protocol to use
188 report_desc - data to be used in HID reports, except data
189 passed with /dev/hidg<X>
190 report_length - HID report length
191 subclass - HID subclass to use
193 For a keyboard the protocol and the subclass are 1, the report_length is 8,
194 while the report_desc is:
197 00000000 05 01 09 06 a1 01 05 07 19 e0 29 e7 15 00 25 01 |..........)...%.|
198 00000010 75 01 95 08 81 02 95 01 75 08 81 03 95 05 75 01 |u.......u.....u.|
199 00000020 05 08 19 01 29 05 91 02 95 01 75 03 91 03 95 06 |....).....u.....|
200 00000030 75 08 15 00 25 65 05 07 19 00 29 65 81 00 c0 |u...%e....)e...|
203 Such a sequence of bytes can be stored to the attribute with echo:
205 $ echo -ne \\x05\\x01\\x09\\x06\\xa1.....
207 Testing the HID function
208 ------------------------
212 - connect the gadget to a host, preferably not the one used
213 to control the gadget
214 - run a program which writes to /dev/hidg<N>, e.g.
215 a userspace program found in Documentation/usb/gadget_hid.txt:
217 $ ./hid_gadget_test /dev/hidg0 keyboard
220 - observe the keystrokes from the gadget
225 The function is provided by usb_f_ss_lb.ko module.
227 Function-specific configfs interface
228 ------------------------------------
230 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "Loopback".
231 The LOOPBACK function provides these attributes in its function directory:
233 qlen - depth of loopback queue
234 bulk_buflen - buffer length
236 Testing the LOOPBACK function
237 -----------------------------
239 device: run the gadget
240 host: test-usb (tools/usb/testusb.c)
242 8. MASS STORAGE function
243 ========================
245 The function is provided by usb_f_mass_storage.ko module.
247 Function-specific configfs interface
248 ------------------------------------
250 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "mass_storage".
251 The MASS STORAGE function provides these attributes in its directory:
254 stall - Set to permit function to halt bulk endpoints.
255 Disabled on some USB devices known not to work
256 correctly. You should set it to true.
257 num_buffers - Number of pipeline buffers. Valid numbers
258 are 2..4. Available only if
259 CONFIG_USB_GADGET_DEBUG_FILES is set.
261 and a default lun.0 directory corresponding to SCSI LUN #0.
263 A new lun can be added with mkdir:
265 $ mkdir functions/mass_storage.0/partition.5
267 Lun numbering does not have to be continuous, except for lun #0 which is
268 created by default. A maximum of 8 luns can be specified and they all must be
269 named following the <name>.<number> scheme. The numbers can be 0..8.
270 Probably a good convention is to name the luns "lun.<number>",
271 although it is not mandatory.
273 In each lun directory there are the following attribute files:
275 file - The path to the backing file for the LUN.
276 Required if LUN is not marked as removable.
277 ro - Flag specifying access to the LUN shall be
278 read-only. This is implied if CD-ROM emulation
279 is enabled as well as when it was impossible
280 to open "filename" in R/W mode.
281 removable - Flag specifying that LUN shall be indicated as
283 cdrom - Flag specifying that LUN shall be reported as
285 nofua - Flag specifying that FUA flag
288 Testing the MASS STORAGE function
289 ---------------------------------
291 device: connect the gadget, enable it
292 host: dmesg, see the USB drives appear (if system configured to automatically
298 The function is provided by usb_f_midi.ko module.
300 Function-specific configfs interface
301 ------------------------------------
303 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "midi".
304 The MIDI function provides these attributes in its function directory:
306 buflen - MIDI buffer length
307 id - ID string for the USB MIDI adapter
308 in_ports - number of MIDI input ports
309 index - index value for the USB MIDI adapter
310 out_ports - number of MIDI output ports
311 qlen - USB read request queue length
313 Testing the MIDI function
314 -------------------------
316 There are two cases: playing a mid from the gadget to
317 the host and playing a mid from the host to the gadget.
319 1) Playing a mid from the gadget to the host
323 Port Client name Port name
324 14:0 Midi Through Midi Through Port-0
325 24:0 MIDI Gadget MIDI Gadget MIDI 1
326 $ arecordmidi -p 24:0 from_gadget.mid
331 Port Client name Port name
334 $ aplaymidi -p 20:0 to_host.mid
336 2) Playing a mid from the host to the gadget
340 Port Client name Port name
343 $ arecordmidi -p 20:0 from_host.mid
348 Port Client name Port name
349 14:0 Midi Through Midi Through Port-0
350 24:0 MIDI Gadget MIDI Gadget MIDI 1
352 $ aplaymidi -p24:0 to_gadget.mid
354 The from_gadget.mid should sound identical to the to_host.mid.
355 The from_host.id should sound identical to the to_gadget.mid.
357 MIDI files can be played to speakers/headphones with e.g. timidity installed
360 Port Client name Port name
361 14:0 Midi Through Midi Through Port-0
362 24:0 MIDI Gadget MIDI Gadget MIDI 1
363 128:0 TiMidity TiMidity port 0
364 128:1 TiMidity TiMidity port 1
365 128:2 TiMidity TiMidity port 2
366 128:3 TiMidity TiMidity port 3
368 $ aplaymidi -p 128:0 file.mid
370 MIDI ports can be logically connected using the aconnect utility, e.g.:
372 $ aconnect 24:0 128:0 # try it on the host
374 After the gadget's MIDI port is connected to timidity's MIDI port,
375 whatever is played at the gadget side with aplaymidi -l is audible
376 in host's speakers/headphones.
381 The function is provided by usb_f_ncm.ko module.
383 Function-specific configfs interface
384 ------------------------------------
386 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "ncm".
387 The NCM function provides these attributes in its function directory:
389 ifname - network device interface name associated with this
391 qmult - queue length multiplier for high and super speed
392 host_addr - MAC address of host's end of this
393 Ethernet over USB link
394 dev_addr - MAC address of device's end of this
395 Ethernet over USB link
397 and after creating the functions/ncm.<instance name> they contain default
398 values: qmult is 5, dev_addr and host_addr are randomly selected.
399 Except for ifname they can be written to until the function is linked to a
400 configuration. The ifname is read-only and contains the name of the interface
401 which was assigned by the net core, e. g. usb0.
403 Testing the NCM function
404 ------------------------
406 Configure IP addresses of the device and the host. Then:
408 On the device: ping <host's IP>
409 On the host: ping <device's IP>
414 The function is provided by usb_f_obex.ko module.
416 Function-specific configfs interface
417 ------------------------------------
419 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "obex".
420 The OBEX function provides just one attribute in its function directory:
424 The attribute is read-only.
426 There can be at most 4 ACM/generic serial/OBEX ports in the system.
428 Testing the OBEX function
429 -------------------------
431 On device: seriald -f /dev/ttyGS<Y> -s 1024
432 On host: serialc -v <vendorID> -p <productID> -i<interface#> -a1 -s1024 \
433 -t<out endpoint addr> -r<in endpoint addr>
435 where seriald and serialc are Felipe's utilities found here:
437 https://git.gitorious.org/usb/usb-tools.git master
442 The function is provided by usb_f_phonet.ko module.
444 Function-specific configfs interface
445 ------------------------------------
447 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "phonet".
448 The PHONET function provides just one attribute in its function directory:
450 ifname - network device interface name associated with this
453 Testing the PHONET function
454 ---------------------------
456 It is not possible to test the SOCK_STREAM protocol without a specific piece
457 of hardware, so only SOCK_DGRAM has been tested. For the latter to work,
458 in the past I had to apply the patch mentioned here:
460 http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-usb/msg85689.html
462 These tools are required:
464 git://git.gitorious.org/meego-cellular/phonet-utils.git
468 $ ./phonet -a 0x10 -i usbpn0
469 $ ./pnroute add 0x6c usbpn0
470 $./pnroute add 0x10 usbpn0
475 $ ./phonet -a 0x6c -i upnlink0
476 $ ./pnroute add 0x10 upnlink0
477 $ ifconfig upnlink0 up
479 Then a test program can be used:
481 http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-usb/msg85690.html
485 $ ./pnxmit -a 0x6c -r
489 $ ./pnxmit -a 0x10 -s 0x6c
491 As a result some data should be sent from host to device.
492 Then the other way round:
496 $ ./pnxmit -a 0x10 -r
500 $ ./pnxmit -a 0x6c -s 0x10
505 The function is provided by usb_f_rndis.ko module.
507 Function-specific configfs interface
508 ------------------------------------
510 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "rndis".
511 The RNDIS function provides these attributes in its function directory:
513 ifname - network device interface name associated with this
515 qmult - queue length multiplier for high and super speed
516 host_addr - MAC address of host's end of this
517 Ethernet over USB link
518 dev_addr - MAC address of device's end of this
519 Ethernet over USB link
521 and after creating the functions/rndis.<instance name> they contain default
522 values: qmult is 5, dev_addr and host_addr are randomly selected.
523 Except for ifname they can be written to until the function is linked to a
524 configuration. The ifname is read-only and contains the name of the interface
525 which was assigned by the net core, e. g. usb0.
527 Testing the RNDIS function
528 --------------------------
530 Configure IP addresses of the device and the host. Then:
532 On the device: ping <host's IP>
533 On the host: ping <device's IP>
538 The function is provided by usb_f_gser.ko module.
540 Function-specific configfs interface
541 ------------------------------------
543 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "gser".
544 The SERIAL function provides just one attribute in its function directory:
548 The attribute is read-only.
550 There can be at most 4 ACM/generic serial/OBEX ports in the system.
552 Testing the SERIAL function
553 ---------------------------
555 On host: insmod usbserial
556 echo VID PID >/sys/bus/usb-serial/drivers/generic/new_id
557 On host: cat > /dev/ttyUSB<X>
558 On target: cat /dev/ttyGS<Y>
560 then the other way round
562 On target: cat > /dev/ttyGS<Y>
563 On host: cat /dev/ttyUSB<X>
565 15. SOURCESINK function
566 =======================
568 The function is provided by usb_f_ss_lb.ko module.
570 Function-specific configfs interface
571 ------------------------------------
573 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "SourceSink".
574 The SOURCESINK function provides these attributes in its function directory:
576 pattern - 0 (all zeros), 1 (mod63), 2 (none)
577 isoc_interval - 1..16
578 isoc_maxpacket - 0 - 1023 (fs), 0 - 1024 (hs/ss)
579 isoc_mult - 0..2 (hs/ss only)
580 isoc_maxburst - 0..15 (ss only)
581 bulk_buflen - buffer length
583 Testing the SOURCESINK function
584 -------------------------------
586 device: run the gadget
587 host: test-usb (tools/usb/testusb.c)
593 The function is provided by usb_f_uac1.ko module.
595 Function-specific configfs interface
596 ------------------------------------
598 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "uac1".
599 The uac1 function provides these attributes in its function directory:
601 audio_buf_size - audio buffer size
602 fn_cap - capture pcm device file name
603 fn_cntl - control device file name
604 fn_play - playback pcm device file name
605 req_buf_size - ISO OUT endpoint request buffer size
606 req_count - ISO OUT endpoint request count
608 The attributes have sane default values.
610 Testing the UAC1 function
611 -------------------------
613 device: run the gadget
614 host: aplay -l # should list our USB Audio Gadget
619 The function is provided by usb_f_uac2.ko module.
621 Function-specific configfs interface
622 ------------------------------------
624 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "uac2".
625 The uac2 function provides these attributes in its function directory:
627 c_chmask - capture channel mask
628 c_srate - capture sampling rate
629 c_ssize - capture sample size (bytes)
630 p_chmask - playback channel mask
631 p_srate - playback sampling rate
632 p_ssize - playback sample size (bytes)
634 The attributes have sane default values.
636 Testing the UAC2 function
637 -------------------------
639 device: run the gadget
640 host: aplay -l # should list our USB Audio Gadget
642 This function does not require real hardware support, it just
643 sends a stream of audio data to/from the host. In order to
644 actually hear something at the device side, a command similar
645 to this must be used at the device side:
647 $ arecord -f dat -t wav -D hw:2,0 | aplay -D hw:0,0 &
651 $ arecord -f dat -t wav -D hw:CARD=UAC2Gadget,DEV=0 | \
652 aplay -D default:CARD=OdroidU3
657 The function is provided by usb_f_uvc.ko module.
659 Function-specific configfs interface
660 ------------------------------------
662 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "uvc".
663 The uvc function provides these attributes in its function directory:
665 streaming_interval - interval for polling endpoint for data transfers
666 streaming_maxburst - bMaxBurst for super speed companion descriptor
667 streaming_maxpacket - maximum packet size this endpoint is capable of
668 sending or receiving when this configuration is
671 There are also "control" and "streaming" subdirectories, each of which contain
672 a number of their subdirectories. There are some sane defaults provided, but
673 the user must provide the following:
675 control header - create in control/header, link from control/class/fs
676 and/or control/class/ss
677 streaming header - create in streaming/header, link from
678 streaming/class/fs and/or streaming/class/hs and/or
680 format description - create in streaming/mjpeg and/or
681 streaming/uncompressed
682 frame description - create in streaming/mjpeg/<format> and/or in
683 streaming/uncompressed/<format>
685 Each frame description contains frame interval specification, and each
686 such specification consists of a number of lines with an inverval value
687 in each line. The rules stated above are best illustrated with an example:
689 # mkdir functions/uvc.usb0/control/header/h
690 # cd functions/uvc.usb0/control/header/h
691 # ln -s header/h class/fs
692 # ln -s header/h class/ss
693 # mkdir -p functions/uvc.usb0/streaming/uncompressed/u/360p
694 # cat <<EOF > functions/uvc.usb0/streaming/uncompressed/u/360p/dwFrameInterval
699 # cd $GADGET_CONFIGFS_ROOT
700 # mkdir functions/uvc.usb0/streaming/header/h
701 # cd functions/uvc.usb0/streaming/header/h
702 # ln -s ../../uncompressed/u
704 # ln -s ../../header/h
706 # ln -s ../../header/h
708 # ln -s ../../header/h
711 Testing the UVC function
712 ------------------------
714 device: run the gadget, modprobe vivid
716 # uvc-gadget -u /dev/video<uvc video node #> -v /dev/video<vivid video node #>
718 where uvc-gadget is this program:
719 http://git.ideasonboard.org/uvc-gadget.git
722 http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-usb/msg99220.html
724 host: luvcview -f yuv
729 The function is provided by usb_f_printer.ko module.
731 Function-specific configfs interface
732 ------------------------------------
734 The function name to use when creating the function directory is "printer".
735 The printer function provides these attributes in its function directory:
737 pnp_string - Data to be passed to the host in pnp string
738 q_len - Number of requests per endpoint
740 Testing the PRINTER function
741 ----------------------------
743 The most basic testing:
745 device: run the gadget
746 # ls -l /devices/virtual/usb_printer_gadget/
748 should show g_printer<number>.
750 If udev is active, then /dev/g_printer<number> should appear automatically.
754 If udev is active, then e.g. /dev/usb/lp0 should appear.
756 host->device transmission:
759 # cat /dev/g_printer<number>
763 device->host transmission:
765 # cat > /dev/g_printer<number>
769 More advanced testing can be done with the prn_example
770 described in Documentation/usb/gadget-printer.txt.