1 AMD64 specific boot options
3 There are many others (usually documented in driver documentation), but
4 only the AMD64 specific ones are listed here.
8 Please see Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck for sysfs runtime tunables.
13 Disable CMCI(Corrected Machine Check Interrupt) that
14 Intel processor supports. Usually this disablement is
15 not recommended, but it might be handy if your hardware
17 Note that you'll get more problems without CMCI than with
18 due to the shared banks, i.e. you might get duplicated
21 Don't make logs for corrected errors. All events reported
22 as corrected are silently cleared by OS.
23 This option will be useful if you have no interest in any
26 Disable features for corrected errors, e.g. polling timer
27 and CMCI. All events reported as corrected are not cleared
28 by OS and remained in its error banks.
29 Usually this disablement is not recommended, however if
30 there is an agent checking/clearing corrected errors
31 (e.g. BIOS or hardware monitoring applications), conflicting
32 with OS's error handling, and you cannot deactivate the agent,
33 then this option will be a help.
35 Do not opt-in to Local MCE delivery. Use legacy method
38 Enable logging of machine checks left over from booting.
39 Disabled by default on AMD because some BIOS leave bogus ones.
40 If your BIOS doesn't do that it's a good idea to enable though
41 to make sure you log even machine check events that result
42 in a reboot. On Intel systems it is enabled by default.
44 Disable boot machine check logging.
45 mce=tolerancelevel[,monarchtimeout] (number,number)
47 0: always panic on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
48 1: panic or SIGBUS on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
49 2: SIGBUS or log uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
50 3: never panic or SIGBUS, log all errors (for testing only)
52 Can be also set using sysfs which is preferable.
54 Sets the time in us to wait for other CPUs on machine checks. 0
56 mce=bios_cmci_threshold
57 Don't overwrite the bios-set CMCI threshold. This boot option
58 prevents Linux from overwriting the CMCI threshold set by the
59 bios. Without this option, Linux always sets the CMCI
60 threshold to 1. Enabling this may make memory predictive failure
61 analysis less effective if the bios sets thresholds for memory
62 errors since we will not see details for all errors.
64 nomce (for compatibility with i386): same as mce=off
66 Everything else is in sysfs now.
70 apic Use IO-APIC. Default
72 noapic Don't use the IO-APIC.
74 disableapic Don't use the local APIC
76 nolapic Don't use the local APIC (alias for i386 compatibility)
78 pirq=... See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt
80 noapictimer Don't set up the APIC timer
82 no_timer_check Don't check the IO-APIC timer. This can work around
83 problems with incorrect timer initialization on some boards.
85 Do APIC timer calibration using the pmtimer. Implies
86 apicmaintimer. Useful when your PIT timer is totally
92 Don't use the CPU time stamp counter to read the wall time.
93 This can be used to work around timing problems on multiprocessor systems
94 with not properly synchronized CPUs.
97 Don't use the HPET timer.
102 Don't do power saving in the idle loop using HLT, but poll for rescheduling
103 event. This will make the CPUs eat a lot more power, but may be useful
104 to get slightly better performance in multiprocessor benchmarks. It also
105 makes some profiling using performance counters more accurate.
106 Please note that on systems with MONITOR/MWAIT support (like Intel EM64T
107 CPUs) this option has no performance advantage over the normal idle loop.
108 It may also interact badly with hyperthreading.
112 reboot=b[ios] | t[riple] | k[bd] | a[cpi] | e[fi] [, [w]arm | [c]old]
113 bios Use the CPU reboot vector for warm reset
114 warm Don't set the cold reboot flag
115 cold Set the cold reboot flag
116 triple Force a triple fault (init)
117 kbd Use the keyboard controller. cold reset (default)
118 acpi Use the ACPI RESET_REG in the FADT. If ACPI is not configured or the
119 ACPI reset does not work, the reboot path attempts the reset using
120 the keyboard controller.
121 efi Use efi reset_system runtime service. If EFI is not configured or the
122 EFI reset does not work, the reboot path attempts the reset using
123 the keyboard controller.
125 Using warm reset will be much faster especially on big memory
126 systems because the BIOS will not go through the memory check.
127 Disadvantage is that not all hardware will be completely reinitialized
128 on reboot so there may be boot problems on some systems.
132 Don't stop other CPUs on reboot. This can make reboot more reliable
135 Non Executable Mappings
144 numa=off Only set up a single NUMA node spanning all memory.
146 numa=noacpi Don't parse the SRAT table for NUMA setup
149 If given as a memory unit, fills all system RAM with nodes of
150 size interleaved over physical nodes.
153 If given as an integer, fills all system RAM with N fake nodes
154 interleaved over physical nodes.
158 acpi=off Don't enable ACPI
159 acpi=ht Use ACPI boot table parsing, but don't enable ACPI
161 acpi=force Force ACPI on (currently not needed)
163 acpi=strict Disable out of spec ACPI workarounds.
165 acpi_sci={edge,level,high,low} Set up ACPI SCI interrupt.
167 acpi=noirq Don't route interrupts
169 acpi=nocmcff Disable firmware first mode for corrected errors. This
170 disables parsing the HEST CMC error source to check if
171 firmware has set the FF flag. This may result in
172 duplicate corrected error reports.
176 pci=off Don't use PCI
177 pci=conf1 Use conf1 access.
178 pci=conf2 Use conf2 access.
180 pci=assign-busses Assign busses
181 pci=irqmask=MASK Set PCI interrupt mask to MASK
182 pci=lastbus=NUMBER Scan up to NUMBER busses, no matter what the mptable says.
183 pci=noacpi Don't use ACPI to set up PCI interrupt routing.
185 IOMMU (input/output memory management unit)
187 Currently four x86-64 PCI-DMA mapping implementations exist:
189 1. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-nommu.c>: use no hardware/software IOMMU at all
190 (e.g. because you have < 3 GB memory).
191 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Disabling IOMMU"
193 2. <arch/x86/kernel/amd_gart_64.c>: AMD GART based hardware IOMMU.
194 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: using GART IOMMU"
196 3. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c> : Software IOMMU implementation. Used
197 e.g. if there is no hardware IOMMU in the system and it is need because
198 you have >3GB memory or told the kernel to us it (iommu=soft))
199 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering
202 4. <arch/x86_64/pci-calgary.c> : IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU. Used in IBM
203 pSeries and xSeries servers. This hardware IOMMU supports DMA address
204 mapping with memory protection, etc.
205 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using Calgary IOMMU"
207 iommu=[<size>][,noagp][,off][,force][,noforce][,leak[=<nr_of_leak_pages>]
208 [,memaper[=<order>]][,merge][,forcesac][,fullflush][,nomerge]
209 [,noaperture][,calgary]
211 General iommu options:
212 off Don't initialize and use any kind of IOMMU.
213 noforce Don't force hardware IOMMU usage when it is not needed.
215 force Force the use of the hardware IOMMU even when it is
216 not actually needed (e.g. because < 3 GB memory).
217 soft Use software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) (default for
218 Intel machines). This can be used to prevent the usage
219 of an available hardware IOMMU.
221 iommu options only relevant to the AMD GART hardware IOMMU:
222 <size> Set the size of the remapping area in bytes.
223 allowed Overwrite iommu off workarounds for specific chipsets.
224 fullflush Flush IOMMU on each allocation (default).
225 nofullflush Don't use IOMMU fullflush.
226 leak Turn on simple iommu leak tracing (only when
227 CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK is on). Default number of leak pages
229 memaper[=<order>] Allocate an own aperture over RAM with size 32MB<<order.
230 (default: order=1, i.e. 64MB)
231 merge Do scatter-gather (SG) merging. Implies "force"
233 nomerge Don't do scatter-gather (SG) merging.
234 noaperture Ask the IOMMU not to touch the aperture for AGP.
235 forcesac Force single-address cycle (SAC) mode for masks <40bits
237 noagp Don't initialize the AGP driver and use full aperture.
238 allowdac Allow double-address cycle (DAC) mode, i.e. DMA >4GB.
239 DAC is used with 32-bit PCI to push a 64-bit address in
240 two cycles. When off all DMA over >4GB is forced through
241 an IOMMU or software bounce buffering.
242 nodac Forbid DAC mode, i.e. DMA >4GB.
243 panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows.
244 calgary Use the Calgary IOMMU if it is available
246 iommu options only relevant to the software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) IOMMU
248 swiotlb=<pages>[,force]
249 <pages> Prereserve that many 128K pages for the software IO
251 force Force all IO through the software TLB.
253 Settings for the IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU currently found in IBM
254 pSeries and xSeries machines:
256 calgary=[64k,128k,256k,512k,1M,2M,4M,8M]
257 calgary=[translate_empty_slots]
258 calgary=[disable=<PCI bus number>]
259 panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows
261 64k,...,8M - Set the size of each PCI slot's translation table
262 when using the Calgary IOMMU. This is the size of the translation
263 table itself in main memory. The smallest table, 64k, covers an IO
264 space of 32MB; the largest, 8MB table, can cover an IO space of
265 4GB. Normally the kernel will make the right choice by itself.
267 translate_empty_slots - Enable translation even on slots that have
268 no devices attached to them, in case a device will be hotplugged
271 disable=<PCI bus number> - Disable translation on a given PHB. For
272 example, the built-in graphics adapter resides on the first bridge
273 (PCI bus number 0); if translation (isolation) is enabled on this
274 bridge, X servers that access the hardware directly from user
275 space might stop working. Use this option if you have devices that
276 are accessed from userspace directly on some PCI host bridge.
280 kstack=N Print N words from the kernel stack in oops dumps.
285 Do not use GB pages for kernel direct mappings.
287 Use GB pages for kernel direct mappings.