1 Converting old watchdog drivers to the watchdog framework
2 by Wolfram Sang <w.sang@pengutronix.de>
3 =========================================================
5 Before the watchdog framework came into the kernel, every driver had to
6 implement the API on its own. Now, as the framework factored out the common
7 components, those drivers can be lightened making it a user of the framework.
8 This document shall guide you for this task. The necessary steps are described
9 as well as things to look out for.
12 Remove the file_operations struct
13 ---------------------------------
15 Old drivers define their own file_operations for actions like open(), write(),
16 etc... These are now handled by the framework and just call the driver when
17 needed. So, in general, the 'file_operations' struct and assorted functions can
18 go. Only very few driver-specific details have to be moved to other functions.
19 Here is a overview of the functions and probably needed actions:
21 - open: Everything dealing with resource management (file-open checks, magic
22 close preparations) can simply go. Device specific stuff needs to go to the
23 driver specific start-function. Note that for some drivers, the start-function
24 also serves as the ping-function. If that is the case and you need start/stop
25 to be balanced (clocks!), you are better off refactoring a separate start-function.
27 - close: Same hints as for open apply.
29 - write: Can simply go, all defined behaviour is taken care of by the framework,
30 i.e. ping on write and magic char ('V') handling.
32 - ioctl: While the driver is allowed to have extensions to the IOCTL interface,
33 the most common ones are handled by the framework, supported by some assistance
37 Returns the mandatory watchdog_info struct from the driver
40 Needs the status-callback defined, otherwise returns 0
43 Needs the bootstatus member properly set. Make sure it is 0 if you
44 don't have further support!
47 No preparations needed
50 If wanted, options in watchdog_info need to have WDIOF_KEEPALIVEPING
54 Options in watchdog_info need to have WDIOF_SETTIMEOUT set
55 and a set_timeout-callback has to be defined. The core will also
56 do limit-checking, if min_timeout and max_timeout in the watchdog
57 device are set. All is optional.
60 No preparations needed
62 Other IOCTLs can be served using the ioctl-callback. Note that this is mainly
63 intended for porting old drivers; new drivers should not invent private IOCTLs.
64 Private IOCTLs are processed first. When the callback returns with
65 -ENOIOCTLCMD, the IOCTLs of the framework will be tried, too. Any other error
66 is directly given to the user.
70 -static const struct file_operations s3c2410wdt_fops = {
71 - .owner = THIS_MODULE,
72 - .llseek = no_llseek,
73 - .write = s3c2410wdt_write,
74 - .unlocked_ioctl = s3c2410wdt_ioctl,
75 - .open = s3c2410wdt_open,
76 - .release = s3c2410wdt_release,
79 Check the functions for device-specific stuff and keep it for later
80 refactoring. The rest can go.
86 Since the file_operations are gone now, you can also remove the 'struct
87 miscdevice'. The framework will create it on watchdog_dev_register() called by
88 watchdog_register_device().
90 -static struct miscdevice s3c2410wdt_miscdev = {
91 - .minor = WATCHDOG_MINOR,
93 - .fops = &s3c2410wdt_fops,
97 Remove obsolete includes and defines
98 ------------------------------------
100 Because of the simplifications, a few defines are probably unused now. Remove
101 them. Includes can be removed, too. For example:
103 - #include <linux/fs.h>
104 - #include <linux/miscdevice.h> (if MODULE_ALIAS_MISCDEV is not used)
105 - #include <linux/uaccess.h> (if no custom IOCTLs are used)
108 Add the watchdog operations
109 ---------------------------
111 All possible callbacks are defined in 'struct watchdog_ops'. You can find it
112 explained in 'watchdog-kernel-api.txt' in this directory. start(), stop() and
113 owner must be set, the rest are optional. You will easily find corresponding
114 functions in the old driver. Note that you will now get a pointer to the
115 watchdog_device as a parameter to these functions, so you probably have to
116 change the function header. Other changes are most likely not needed, because
117 here simply happens the direct hardware access. If you have device-specific
118 code left from the above steps, it should be refactored into these callbacks.
120 Here is a simple example:
122 +static struct watchdog_ops s3c2410wdt_ops = {
123 + .owner = THIS_MODULE,
124 + .start = s3c2410wdt_start,
125 + .stop = s3c2410wdt_stop,
126 + .ping = s3c2410wdt_keepalive,
127 + .set_timeout = s3c2410wdt_set_heartbeat,
130 A typical function-header change looks like:
132 -static void s3c2410wdt_keepalive(void)
133 +static int s3c2410wdt_keepalive(struct watchdog_device *wdd)
142 - s3c2410wdt_keepalive();
143 + s3c2410wdt_keepalive(&s3c2410_wdd);
146 Add the watchdog device
147 -----------------------
149 Now we need to create a 'struct watchdog_device' and populate it with the
150 necessary information for the framework. The struct is also explained in detail
151 in 'watchdog-kernel-api.txt' in this directory. We pass it the mandatory
152 watchdog_info struct and the newly created watchdog_ops. Often, old drivers
153 have their own record-keeping for things like bootstatus and timeout using
154 static variables. Those have to be converted to use the members in
155 watchdog_device. Note that the timeout values are unsigned int. Some drivers
156 use signed int, so this has to be converted, too.
158 Here is a simple example for a watchdog device:
160 +static struct watchdog_device s3c2410_wdd = {
161 + .info = &s3c2410_wdt_ident,
162 + .ops = &s3c2410wdt_ops,
166 Handle the 'nowayout' feature
167 -----------------------------
169 A few drivers use nowayout statically, i.e. there is no module parameter for it
170 and only CONFIG_WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT determines if the feature is going to be
171 used. This needs to be converted by initializing the status variable of the
172 watchdog_device like this:
174 .status = WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT_INIT_STATUS,
176 Most drivers, however, also allow runtime configuration of nowayout, usually
177 by adding a module parameter. The conversion for this would be something like:
179 watchdog_set_nowayout(&s3c2410_wdd, nowayout);
181 The module parameter itself needs to stay, everything else related to nowayout
182 can go, though. This will likely be some code in open(), close() or write().
185 Register the watchdog device
186 ----------------------------
188 Replace misc_register(&miscdev) with watchdog_register_device(&watchdog_dev).
189 Make sure the return value gets checked and the error message, if present,
190 still fits. Also convert the unregister case.
192 - ret = misc_register(&s3c2410wdt_miscdev);
193 + ret = watchdog_register_device(&s3c2410_wdd);
197 - misc_deregister(&s3c2410wdt_miscdev);
198 + watchdog_unregister_device(&s3c2410_wdd);
201 Update the Kconfig-entry
202 ------------------------
204 The entry for the driver now needs to select WATCHDOG_CORE:
206 + select WATCHDOG_CORE
209 Create a patch and send it to upstream
210 --------------------------------------
212 Make sure you understood Documentation/SubmittingPatches and send your patch to
213 linux-watchdog@vger.kernel.org. We are looking forward to it :)