4 EINJ provides a hardware error injection mechanism
5 It is very useful for debugging and testing of other APEI and RAS features.
7 To use EINJ, make sure the following are enabled in your kernel
14 The user interface of EINJ is debug file system, under the
15 directory apei/einj. The following files are provided.
17 - available_error_type
18 Reading this file returns the error injection capability of the
19 platform, that is, which error types are supported. The error type
20 definition is as follow, the left field is the error type value, the
21 right field is error description.
23 0x00000001 Processor Correctable
24 0x00000002 Processor Uncorrectable non-fatal
25 0x00000004 Processor Uncorrectable fatal
26 0x00000008 Memory Correctable
27 0x00000010 Memory Uncorrectable non-fatal
28 0x00000020 Memory Uncorrectable fatal
29 0x00000040 PCI Express Correctable
30 0x00000080 PCI Express Uncorrectable fatal
31 0x00000100 PCI Express Uncorrectable non-fatal
32 0x00000200 Platform Correctable
33 0x00000400 Platform Uncorrectable non-fatal
34 0x00000800 Platform Uncorrectable fatal
36 The format of file contents are as above, except there are only the
37 available error type lines.
40 This file is used to set the error type value. The error type value
41 is defined in "available_error_type" description.
44 Write any integer to this file to trigger the error
45 injection. Before this, please specify all necessary error
49 Present for kernel version 3.13 and above. Used to specify which
50 of param{1..4} are valid and should be used by BIOS during injection.
51 Value is a bitmask as specified in ACPI5.0 spec for the
52 SET_ERROR_TYPE_WITH_ADDRESS data structure:
53 Bit 0 - Processor APIC field valid (see param3 below)
54 Bit 1 - Memory address and mask valid (param1 and param2)
55 Bit 2 - PCIe (seg,bus,dev,fn) valid (param4 below)
56 If set to zero, legacy behaviour is used where the type of injection
57 specifies just one bit set, and param1 is multiplexed.
60 This file is used to set the first error parameter value. Effect of
61 parameter depends on error_type specified. For example, if error
62 type is memory related type, the param1 should be a valid physical
63 memory address. [Unless "flag" is set - see above]
66 This file is used to set the second error parameter value. Effect of
67 parameter depends on error_type specified. For example, if error
68 type is memory related type, the param2 should be a physical memory
69 address mask. Linux requires page or narrower granularity, say,
73 Used when the 0x1 bit is set in "flag" to specify the APIC id
76 Used when the 0x4 bit is set in "flag" to specify target PCIe device
79 The EINJ mechanism is a two step process. First inject the error, then
80 perform some actions to trigger it. Setting "notrigger" to 1 skips the
81 trigger phase, which *may* allow the user to cause the error in some other
82 context by a simple access to the cpu, memory location, or device that is
83 the target of the error injection. Whether this actually works depends
84 on what operations the BIOS actually includes in the trigger phase.
86 BIOS versions based in the ACPI 4.0 specification have limited options
87 to control where the errors are injected. Your BIOS may support an
88 extension (enabled with the param_extension=1 module parameter, or
89 boot command line einj.param_extension=1). This allows the address
90 and mask for memory injections to be specified by the param1 and
91 param2 files in apei/einj.
93 BIOS versions using the ACPI 5.0 specification have more control over
94 the target of the injection. For processor related errors (type 0x1,
95 0x2 and 0x4) the APICID of the target should be provided using the
96 param1 file in apei/einj. For memory errors (type 0x8, 0x10 and 0x20)
97 the address is set using param1 with a mask in param2 (0x0 is equivalent
98 to all ones). For PCI express errors (type 0x40, 0x80 and 0x100) the
99 segment, bus, device and function are specified using param1:
101 31 24 23 16 15 11 10 8 7 0
102 +-------------------------------------------------+
103 | segment | bus | device | function | reserved |
104 +-------------------------------------------------+
106 An ACPI 5.0 BIOS may also allow vendor specific errors to be injected.
107 In this case a file named vendor will contain identifying information
108 from the BIOS that hopefully will allow an application wishing to use
109 the vendor specific extension to tell that they are running on a BIOS
110 that supports it. All vendor extensions have the 0x80000000 bit set in
111 error_type. A file vendor_flags controls the interpretation of param1
112 and param2 (1 = PROCESSOR, 2 = MEMORY, 4 = PCI). See your BIOS vendor
113 documentation for details (and expect changes to this API if vendors
114 creativity in using this feature expands beyond our expectations).
117 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/apei/einj
118 # cat available_error_type # See which errors can be injected
119 0x00000002 Processor Uncorrectable non-fatal
120 0x00000008 Memory Correctable
121 0x00000010 Memory Uncorrectable non-fatal
122 # echo 0x12345000 > param1 # Set memory address for injection
123 # echo 0xfffffffffffff000 > param2 # Mask - anywhere in this page
124 # echo 0x8 > error_type # Choose correctable memory error
125 # echo 1 > error_inject # Inject now
128 For more information about EINJ, please refer to ACPI specification
129 version 4.0, section 17.5 and ACPI 5.0, section 18.6.