1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 * linux/fs/ext4/indirect.c
7 * linux/fs/ext4/inode.c
9 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
10 * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
11 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
12 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
16 * linux/fs/minix/inode.c
18 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
20 * Goal-directed block allocation by Stephen Tweedie
21 * (sct@redhat.com), 1993, 1998
24 #include "ext4_jbd2.h"
26 #include <linux/dax.h>
27 #include <linux/uio.h>
29 #include <trace/events/ext4.h>
34 struct buffer_head
*bh
;
37 static inline void add_chain(Indirect
*p
, struct buffer_head
*bh
, __le32
*v
)
44 * ext4_block_to_path - parse the block number into array of offsets
45 * @inode: inode in question (we are only interested in its superblock)
46 * @i_block: block number to be parsed
47 * @offsets: array to store the offsets in
48 * @boundary: set this non-zero if the referred-to block is likely to be
49 * followed (on disk) by an indirect block.
51 * To store the locations of file's data ext4 uses a data structure common
52 * for UNIX filesystems - tree of pointers anchored in the inode, with
53 * data blocks at leaves and indirect blocks in intermediate nodes.
54 * This function translates the block number into path in that tree -
55 * return value is the path length and @offsets[n] is the offset of
56 * pointer to (n+1)th node in the nth one. If @block is out of range
57 * (negative or too large) warning is printed and zero returned.
59 * Note: function doesn't find node addresses, so no IO is needed. All
60 * we need to know is the capacity of indirect blocks (taken from the
65 * Portability note: the last comparison (check that we fit into triple
66 * indirect block) is spelled differently, because otherwise on an
67 * architecture with 32-bit longs and 8Kb pages we might get into trouble
68 * if our filesystem had 8Kb blocks. We might use long long, but that would
69 * kill us on x86. Oh, well, at least the sign propagation does not matter -
70 * i_block would have to be negative in the very beginning, so we would not
74 static int ext4_block_to_path(struct inode
*inode
,
76 ext4_lblk_t offsets
[4], int *boundary
)
78 int ptrs
= EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode
->i_sb
);
79 int ptrs_bits
= EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK_BITS(inode
->i_sb
);
80 const long direct_blocks
= EXT4_NDIR_BLOCKS
,
81 indirect_blocks
= ptrs
,
82 double_blocks
= (1 << (ptrs_bits
* 2));
86 if (i_block
< direct_blocks
) {
87 offsets
[n
++] = i_block
;
88 final
= direct_blocks
;
89 } else if ((i_block
-= direct_blocks
) < indirect_blocks
) {
90 offsets
[n
++] = EXT4_IND_BLOCK
;
91 offsets
[n
++] = i_block
;
93 } else if ((i_block
-= indirect_blocks
) < double_blocks
) {
94 offsets
[n
++] = EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
;
95 offsets
[n
++] = i_block
>> ptrs_bits
;
96 offsets
[n
++] = i_block
& (ptrs
- 1);
98 } else if (((i_block
-= double_blocks
) >> (ptrs_bits
* 2)) < ptrs
) {
99 offsets
[n
++] = EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
;
100 offsets
[n
++] = i_block
>> (ptrs_bits
* 2);
101 offsets
[n
++] = (i_block
>> ptrs_bits
) & (ptrs
- 1);
102 offsets
[n
++] = i_block
& (ptrs
- 1);
105 ext4_warning(inode
->i_sb
, "block %lu > max in inode %lu",
106 i_block
+ direct_blocks
+
107 indirect_blocks
+ double_blocks
, inode
->i_ino
);
110 *boundary
= final
- 1 - (i_block
& (ptrs
- 1));
115 * ext4_get_branch - read the chain of indirect blocks leading to data
116 * @inode: inode in question
117 * @depth: depth of the chain (1 - direct pointer, etc.)
118 * @offsets: offsets of pointers in inode/indirect blocks
119 * @chain: place to store the result
120 * @err: here we store the error value
122 * Function fills the array of triples <key, p, bh> and returns %NULL
123 * if everything went OK or the pointer to the last filled triple
124 * (incomplete one) otherwise. Upon the return chain[i].key contains
125 * the number of (i+1)-th block in the chain (as it is stored in memory,
126 * i.e. little-endian 32-bit), chain[i].p contains the address of that
127 * number (it points into struct inode for i==0 and into the bh->b_data
128 * for i>0) and chain[i].bh points to the buffer_head of i-th indirect
129 * block for i>0 and NULL for i==0. In other words, it holds the block
130 * numbers of the chain, addresses they were taken from (and where we can
131 * verify that chain did not change) and buffer_heads hosting these
134 * Function stops when it stumbles upon zero pointer (absent block)
135 * (pointer to last triple returned, *@err == 0)
136 * or when it gets an IO error reading an indirect block
137 * (ditto, *@err == -EIO)
138 * or when it reads all @depth-1 indirect blocks successfully and finds
139 * the whole chain, all way to the data (returns %NULL, *err == 0).
141 * Need to be called with
142 * down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem)
144 static Indirect
*ext4_get_branch(struct inode
*inode
, int depth
,
145 ext4_lblk_t
*offsets
,
146 Indirect chain
[4], int *err
)
148 struct super_block
*sb
= inode
->i_sb
;
150 struct buffer_head
*bh
;
154 /* i_data is not going away, no lock needed */
155 add_chain(chain
, NULL
, EXT4_I(inode
)->i_data
+ *offsets
);
159 bh
= sb_getblk(sb
, le32_to_cpu(p
->key
));
165 if (!bh_uptodate_or_lock(bh
)) {
166 if (bh_submit_read(bh
) < 0) {
170 /* validate block references */
171 if (ext4_check_indirect_blockref(inode
, bh
)) {
177 add_chain(++p
, bh
, (__le32
*)bh
->b_data
+ *++offsets
);
191 * ext4_find_near - find a place for allocation with sufficient locality
193 * @ind: descriptor of indirect block.
195 * This function returns the preferred place for block allocation.
196 * It is used when heuristic for sequential allocation fails.
198 * + if there is a block to the left of our position - allocate near it.
199 * + if pointer will live in indirect block - allocate near that block.
200 * + if pointer will live in inode - allocate in the same
203 * In the latter case we colour the starting block by the callers PID to
204 * prevent it from clashing with concurrent allocations for a different inode
205 * in the same block group. The PID is used here so that functionally related
206 * files will be close-by on-disk.
208 * Caller must make sure that @ind is valid and will stay that way.
210 static ext4_fsblk_t
ext4_find_near(struct inode
*inode
, Indirect
*ind
)
212 struct ext4_inode_info
*ei
= EXT4_I(inode
);
213 __le32
*start
= ind
->bh
? (__le32
*) ind
->bh
->b_data
: ei
->i_data
;
216 /* Try to find previous block */
217 for (p
= ind
->p
- 1; p
>= start
; p
--) {
219 return le32_to_cpu(*p
);
222 /* No such thing, so let's try location of indirect block */
224 return ind
->bh
->b_blocknr
;
227 * It is going to be referred to from the inode itself? OK, just put it
228 * into the same cylinder group then.
230 return ext4_inode_to_goal_block(inode
);
234 * ext4_find_goal - find a preferred place for allocation.
236 * @block: block we want
237 * @partial: pointer to the last triple within a chain
239 * Normally this function find the preferred place for block allocation,
241 * Because this is only used for non-extent files, we limit the block nr
244 static ext4_fsblk_t
ext4_find_goal(struct inode
*inode
, ext4_lblk_t block
,
250 * XXX need to get goal block from mballoc's data structures
253 goal
= ext4_find_near(inode
, partial
);
254 goal
= goal
& EXT4_MAX_BLOCK_FILE_PHYS
;
259 * ext4_blks_to_allocate - Look up the block map and count the number
260 * of direct blocks need to be allocated for the given branch.
262 * @branch: chain of indirect blocks
263 * @k: number of blocks need for indirect blocks
264 * @blks: number of data blocks to be mapped.
265 * @blocks_to_boundary: the offset in the indirect block
267 * return the total number of blocks to be allocate, including the
268 * direct and indirect blocks.
270 static int ext4_blks_to_allocate(Indirect
*branch
, int k
, unsigned int blks
,
271 int blocks_to_boundary
)
273 unsigned int count
= 0;
276 * Simple case, [t,d]Indirect block(s) has not allocated yet
277 * then it's clear blocks on that path have not allocated
280 /* right now we don't handle cross boundary allocation */
281 if (blks
< blocks_to_boundary
+ 1)
284 count
+= blocks_to_boundary
+ 1;
289 while (count
< blks
&& count
<= blocks_to_boundary
&&
290 le32_to_cpu(*(branch
[0].p
+ count
)) == 0) {
297 * ext4_alloc_branch() - allocate and set up a chain of blocks
298 * @handle: handle for this transaction
299 * @ar: structure describing the allocation request
300 * @indirect_blks: number of allocated indirect blocks
301 * @offsets: offsets (in the blocks) to store the pointers to next.
302 * @branch: place to store the chain in.
304 * This function allocates blocks, zeroes out all but the last one,
305 * links them into chain and (if we are synchronous) writes them to disk.
306 * In other words, it prepares a branch that can be spliced onto the
307 * inode. It stores the information about that chain in the branch[], in
308 * the same format as ext4_get_branch() would do. We are calling it after
309 * we had read the existing part of chain and partial points to the last
310 * triple of that (one with zero ->key). Upon the exit we have the same
311 * picture as after the successful ext4_get_block(), except that in one
312 * place chain is disconnected - *branch->p is still zero (we did not
313 * set the last link), but branch->key contains the number that should
314 * be placed into *branch->p to fill that gap.
316 * If allocation fails we free all blocks we've allocated (and forget
317 * their buffer_heads) and return the error value the from failed
318 * ext4_alloc_block() (normally -ENOSPC). Otherwise we set the chain
319 * as described above and return 0.
321 static int ext4_alloc_branch(handle_t
*handle
,
322 struct ext4_allocation_request
*ar
,
323 int indirect_blks
, ext4_lblk_t
*offsets
,
326 struct buffer_head
* bh
;
327 ext4_fsblk_t b
, new_blocks
[4];
329 int i
, j
, err
, len
= 1;
331 for (i
= 0; i
<= indirect_blks
; i
++) {
332 if (i
== indirect_blks
) {
333 new_blocks
[i
] = ext4_mb_new_blocks(handle
, ar
, &err
);
335 ar
->goal
= new_blocks
[i
] = ext4_new_meta_blocks(handle
,
337 ar
->flags
& EXT4_MB_DELALLOC_RESERVED
,
339 /* Simplify error cleanup... */
340 branch
[i
+1].bh
= NULL
;
346 branch
[i
].key
= cpu_to_le32(new_blocks
[i
]);
350 bh
= branch
[i
].bh
= sb_getblk(ar
->inode
->i_sb
, new_blocks
[i
-1]);
356 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "call get_create_access");
357 err
= ext4_journal_get_create_access(handle
, bh
);
363 memset(bh
->b_data
, 0, bh
->b_size
);
364 p
= branch
[i
].p
= (__le32
*) bh
->b_data
+ offsets
[i
];
367 if (i
== indirect_blks
)
369 for (j
= 0; j
< len
; j
++)
370 *p
++ = cpu_to_le32(b
++);
372 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "marking uptodate");
373 set_buffer_uptodate(bh
);
376 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
377 err
= ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle
, ar
->inode
, bh
);
383 if (i
== indirect_blks
) {
384 /* Free data blocks */
385 ext4_free_blocks(handle
, ar
->inode
, NULL
, new_blocks
[i
],
389 for (; i
>= 0; i
--) {
391 * We want to ext4_forget() only freshly allocated indirect
392 * blocks. Buffer for new_blocks[i] is at branch[i+1].bh
393 * (buffer at branch[0].bh is indirect block / inode already
394 * existing before ext4_alloc_branch() was called). Also
395 * because blocks are freshly allocated, we don't need to
396 * revoke them which is why we don't set
397 * EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_METADATA.
399 ext4_free_blocks(handle
, ar
->inode
, branch
[i
+1].bh
,
401 branch
[i
+1].bh
? EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_FORGET
: 0);
407 * ext4_splice_branch() - splice the allocated branch onto inode.
408 * @handle: handle for this transaction
409 * @ar: structure describing the allocation request
410 * @where: location of missing link
411 * @num: number of indirect blocks we are adding
413 * This function fills the missing link and does all housekeeping needed in
414 * inode (->i_blocks, etc.). In case of success we end up with the full
415 * chain to new block and return 0.
417 static int ext4_splice_branch(handle_t
*handle
,
418 struct ext4_allocation_request
*ar
,
419 Indirect
*where
, int num
)
423 ext4_fsblk_t current_block
;
426 * If we're splicing into a [td]indirect block (as opposed to the
427 * inode) then we need to get write access to the [td]indirect block
431 BUFFER_TRACE(where
->bh
, "get_write_access");
432 err
= ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle
, where
->bh
);
438 *where
->p
= where
->key
;
441 * Update the host buffer_head or inode to point to more just allocated
442 * direct blocks blocks
444 if (num
== 0 && ar
->len
> 1) {
445 current_block
= le32_to_cpu(where
->key
) + 1;
446 for (i
= 1; i
< ar
->len
; i
++)
447 *(where
->p
+ i
) = cpu_to_le32(current_block
++);
450 /* We are done with atomic stuff, now do the rest of housekeeping */
451 /* had we spliced it onto indirect block? */
454 * If we spliced it onto an indirect block, we haven't
455 * altered the inode. Note however that if it is being spliced
456 * onto an indirect block at the very end of the file (the
457 * file is growing) then we *will* alter the inode to reflect
458 * the new i_size. But that is not done here - it is done in
459 * generic_commit_write->__mark_inode_dirty->ext4_dirty_inode.
461 jbd_debug(5, "splicing indirect only\n");
462 BUFFER_TRACE(where
->bh
, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
463 err
= ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle
, ar
->inode
, where
->bh
);
468 * OK, we spliced it into the inode itself on a direct block.
470 ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle
, ar
->inode
);
471 jbd_debug(5, "splicing direct\n");
476 for (i
= 1; i
<= num
; i
++) {
478 * branch[i].bh is newly allocated, so there is no
479 * need to revoke the block, which is why we don't
480 * need to set EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_METADATA.
482 ext4_free_blocks(handle
, ar
->inode
, where
[i
].bh
, 0, 1,
483 EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_FORGET
);
485 ext4_free_blocks(handle
, ar
->inode
, NULL
, le32_to_cpu(where
[num
].key
),
492 * The ext4_ind_map_blocks() function handles non-extents inodes
493 * (i.e., using the traditional indirect/double-indirect i_blocks
494 * scheme) for ext4_map_blocks().
496 * Allocation strategy is simple: if we have to allocate something, we will
497 * have to go the whole way to leaf. So let's do it before attaching anything
498 * to tree, set linkage between the newborn blocks, write them if sync is
499 * required, recheck the path, free and repeat if check fails, otherwise
500 * set the last missing link (that will protect us from any truncate-generated
501 * removals - all blocks on the path are immune now) and possibly force the
502 * write on the parent block.
503 * That has a nice additional property: no special recovery from the failed
504 * allocations is needed - we simply release blocks and do not touch anything
505 * reachable from inode.
507 * `handle' can be NULL if create == 0.
509 * return > 0, # of blocks mapped or allocated.
510 * return = 0, if plain lookup failed.
511 * return < 0, error case.
513 * The ext4_ind_get_blocks() function should be called with
514 * down_write(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem) if allocating filesystem
515 * blocks (i.e., flags has EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CREATE set) or
516 * down_read(&EXT4_I(inode)->i_data_sem) if not allocating file system
519 int ext4_ind_map_blocks(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
,
520 struct ext4_map_blocks
*map
,
523 struct ext4_allocation_request ar
;
525 ext4_lblk_t offsets
[4];
529 int blocks_to_boundary
= 0;
532 ext4_fsblk_t first_block
= 0;
534 trace_ext4_ind_map_blocks_enter(inode
, map
->m_lblk
, map
->m_len
, flags
);
535 J_ASSERT(!(ext4_test_inode_flag(inode
, EXT4_INODE_EXTENTS
)));
536 J_ASSERT(handle
!= NULL
|| (flags
& EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CREATE
) == 0);
537 depth
= ext4_block_to_path(inode
, map
->m_lblk
, offsets
,
538 &blocks_to_boundary
);
543 partial
= ext4_get_branch(inode
, depth
, offsets
, chain
, &err
);
545 /* Simplest case - block found, no allocation needed */
547 first_block
= le32_to_cpu(chain
[depth
- 1].key
);
550 while (count
< map
->m_len
&& count
<= blocks_to_boundary
) {
553 blk
= le32_to_cpu(*(chain
[depth
-1].p
+ count
));
555 if (blk
== first_block
+ count
)
563 /* Next simple case - plain lookup failed */
564 if ((flags
& EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_CREATE
) == 0) {
565 unsigned epb
= inode
->i_sb
->s_blocksize
/ sizeof(u32
);
569 * Count number blocks in a subtree under 'partial'. At each
570 * level we count number of complete empty subtrees beyond
571 * current offset and then descend into the subtree only
572 * partially beyond current offset.
575 for (i
= partial
- chain
+ 1; i
< depth
; i
++)
576 count
= count
* epb
+ (epb
- offsets
[i
] - 1);
578 /* Fill in size of a hole we found */
580 map
->m_len
= min_t(unsigned int, map
->m_len
, count
);
584 /* Failed read of indirect block */
589 * Okay, we need to do block allocation.
591 if (ext4_has_feature_bigalloc(inode
->i_sb
)) {
592 EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode
, "Can't allocate blocks for "
593 "non-extent mapped inodes with bigalloc");
594 return -EFSCORRUPTED
;
597 /* Set up for the direct block allocation */
598 memset(&ar
, 0, sizeof(ar
));
600 ar
.logical
= map
->m_lblk
;
601 if (S_ISREG(inode
->i_mode
))
602 ar
.flags
= EXT4_MB_HINT_DATA
;
603 if (flags
& EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_DELALLOC_RESERVE
)
604 ar
.flags
|= EXT4_MB_DELALLOC_RESERVED
;
605 if (flags
& EXT4_GET_BLOCKS_METADATA_NOFAIL
)
606 ar
.flags
|= EXT4_MB_USE_RESERVED
;
608 ar
.goal
= ext4_find_goal(inode
, map
->m_lblk
, partial
);
610 /* the number of blocks need to allocate for [d,t]indirect blocks */
611 indirect_blks
= (chain
+ depth
) - partial
- 1;
614 * Next look up the indirect map to count the totoal number of
615 * direct blocks to allocate for this branch.
617 ar
.len
= ext4_blks_to_allocate(partial
, indirect_blks
,
618 map
->m_len
, blocks_to_boundary
);
621 * Block out ext4_truncate while we alter the tree
623 err
= ext4_alloc_branch(handle
, &ar
, indirect_blks
,
624 offsets
+ (partial
- chain
), partial
);
627 * The ext4_splice_branch call will free and forget any buffers
628 * on the new chain if there is a failure, but that risks using
629 * up transaction credits, especially for bitmaps where the
630 * credits cannot be returned. Can we handle this somehow? We
631 * may need to return -EAGAIN upwards in the worst case. --sct
634 err
= ext4_splice_branch(handle
, &ar
, partial
, indirect_blks
);
638 map
->m_flags
|= EXT4_MAP_NEW
;
640 ext4_update_inode_fsync_trans(handle
, inode
, 1);
643 map
->m_flags
|= EXT4_MAP_MAPPED
;
644 map
->m_pblk
= le32_to_cpu(chain
[depth
-1].key
);
646 if (count
> blocks_to_boundary
)
647 map
->m_flags
|= EXT4_MAP_BOUNDARY
;
649 /* Clean up and exit */
650 partial
= chain
+ depth
- 1; /* the whole chain */
652 while (partial
> chain
) {
653 BUFFER_TRACE(partial
->bh
, "call brelse");
658 trace_ext4_ind_map_blocks_exit(inode
, flags
, map
, err
);
663 * Calculate number of indirect blocks touched by mapping @nrblocks logically
666 int ext4_ind_trans_blocks(struct inode
*inode
, int nrblocks
)
669 * With N contiguous data blocks, we need at most
670 * N/EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode->i_sb) + 1 indirect blocks,
671 * 2 dindirect blocks, and 1 tindirect block
673 return DIV_ROUND_UP(nrblocks
, EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode
->i_sb
)) + 4;
676 static int ext4_ind_trunc_restart_fn(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
,
677 struct buffer_head
*bh
, int *dropped
)
682 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
683 err
= ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle
, inode
, bh
);
687 err
= ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle
, inode
);
691 * Drop i_data_sem to avoid deadlock with ext4_map_blocks. At this
692 * moment, get_block can be called only for blocks inside i_size since
693 * page cache has been already dropped and writes are blocked by
694 * i_mutex. So we can safely drop the i_data_sem here.
696 BUG_ON(EXT4_JOURNAL(inode
) == NULL
);
697 ext4_discard_preallocations(inode
);
698 up_write(&EXT4_I(inode
)->i_data_sem
);
704 * Truncate transactions can be complex and absolutely huge. So we need to
705 * be able to restart the transaction at a conventient checkpoint to make
706 * sure we don't overflow the journal.
708 * Try to extend this transaction for the purposes of truncation. If
709 * extend fails, we restart transaction.
711 static int ext4_ind_truncate_ensure_credits(handle_t
*handle
,
713 struct buffer_head
*bh
,
719 ret
= ext4_journal_ensure_credits_fn(handle
, EXT4_RESERVE_TRANS_BLOCKS
,
720 ext4_blocks_for_truncate(inode
), revoke_creds
,
721 ext4_ind_trunc_restart_fn(handle
, inode
, bh
, &dropped
));
723 down_write(&EXT4_I(inode
)->i_data_sem
);
727 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "retaking write access");
728 ret
= ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle
, bh
);
736 * Probably it should be a library function... search for first non-zero word
737 * or memcmp with zero_page, whatever is better for particular architecture.
740 static inline int all_zeroes(__le32
*p
, __le32
*q
)
749 * ext4_find_shared - find the indirect blocks for partial truncation.
750 * @inode: inode in question
751 * @depth: depth of the affected branch
752 * @offsets: offsets of pointers in that branch (see ext4_block_to_path)
753 * @chain: place to store the pointers to partial indirect blocks
754 * @top: place to the (detached) top of branch
756 * This is a helper function used by ext4_truncate().
758 * When we do truncate() we may have to clean the ends of several
759 * indirect blocks but leave the blocks themselves alive. Block is
760 * partially truncated if some data below the new i_size is referred
761 * from it (and it is on the path to the first completely truncated
762 * data block, indeed). We have to free the top of that path along
763 * with everything to the right of the path. Since no allocation
764 * past the truncation point is possible until ext4_truncate()
765 * finishes, we may safely do the latter, but top of branch may
766 * require special attention - pageout below the truncation point
767 * might try to populate it.
769 * We atomically detach the top of branch from the tree, store the
770 * block number of its root in *@top, pointers to buffer_heads of
771 * partially truncated blocks - in @chain[].bh and pointers to
772 * their last elements that should not be removed - in
773 * @chain[].p. Return value is the pointer to last filled element
776 * The work left to caller to do the actual freeing of subtrees:
777 * a) free the subtree starting from *@top
778 * b) free the subtrees whose roots are stored in
779 * (@chain[i].p+1 .. end of @chain[i].bh->b_data)
780 * c) free the subtrees growing from the inode past the @chain[0].
781 * (no partially truncated stuff there). */
783 static Indirect
*ext4_find_shared(struct inode
*inode
, int depth
,
784 ext4_lblk_t offsets
[4], Indirect chain
[4],
787 Indirect
*partial
, *p
;
791 /* Make k index the deepest non-null offset + 1 */
792 for (k
= depth
; k
> 1 && !offsets
[k
-1]; k
--)
794 partial
= ext4_get_branch(inode
, k
, offsets
, chain
, &err
);
795 /* Writer: pointers */
797 partial
= chain
+ k
-1;
799 * If the branch acquired continuation since we've looked at it -
800 * fine, it should all survive and (new) top doesn't belong to us.
802 if (!partial
->key
&& *partial
->p
)
805 for (p
= partial
; (p
> chain
) && all_zeroes((__le32
*) p
->bh
->b_data
, p
->p
); p
--)
808 * OK, we've found the last block that must survive. The rest of our
809 * branch should be detached before unlocking. However, if that rest
810 * of branch is all ours and does not grow immediately from the inode
811 * it's easier to cheat and just decrement partial->p.
813 if (p
== chain
+ k
- 1 && p
> chain
) {
817 /* Nope, don't do this in ext4. Must leave the tree intact */
824 while (partial
> p
) {
833 * Zero a number of block pointers in either an inode or an indirect block.
834 * If we restart the transaction we must again get write access to the
835 * indirect block for further modification.
837 * We release `count' blocks on disk, but (last - first) may be greater
838 * than `count' because there can be holes in there.
840 * Return 0 on success, 1 on invalid block range
841 * and < 0 on fatal error.
843 static int ext4_clear_blocks(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
,
844 struct buffer_head
*bh
,
845 ext4_fsblk_t block_to_free
,
846 unsigned long count
, __le32
*first
,
850 int flags
= EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_VALIDATED
;
853 if (S_ISDIR(inode
->i_mode
) || S_ISLNK(inode
->i_mode
) ||
854 ext4_test_inode_flag(inode
, EXT4_INODE_EA_INODE
))
855 flags
|= EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_FORGET
| EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_METADATA
;
856 else if (ext4_should_journal_data(inode
))
857 flags
|= EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_FORGET
;
859 if (!ext4_data_block_valid(EXT4_SB(inode
->i_sb
), block_to_free
,
861 EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode
, "attempt to clear invalid "
862 "blocks %llu len %lu",
863 (unsigned long long) block_to_free
, count
);
867 err
= ext4_ind_truncate_ensure_credits(handle
, inode
, bh
,
868 ext4_free_data_revoke_credits(inode
, count
));
872 for (p
= first
; p
< last
; p
++)
875 ext4_free_blocks(handle
, inode
, NULL
, block_to_free
, count
, flags
);
878 ext4_std_error(inode
->i_sb
, err
);
883 * ext4_free_data - free a list of data blocks
884 * @handle: handle for this transaction
885 * @inode: inode we are dealing with
886 * @this_bh: indirect buffer_head which contains *@first and *@last
887 * @first: array of block numbers
888 * @last: points immediately past the end of array
890 * We are freeing all blocks referred from that array (numbers are stored as
891 * little-endian 32-bit) and updating @inode->i_blocks appropriately.
893 * We accumulate contiguous runs of blocks to free. Conveniently, if these
894 * blocks are contiguous then releasing them at one time will only affect one
895 * or two bitmap blocks (+ group descriptor(s) and superblock) and we won't
896 * actually use a lot of journal space.
898 * @this_bh will be %NULL if @first and @last point into the inode's direct
901 static void ext4_free_data(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
,
902 struct buffer_head
*this_bh
,
903 __le32
*first
, __le32
*last
)
905 ext4_fsblk_t block_to_free
= 0; /* Starting block # of a run */
906 unsigned long count
= 0; /* Number of blocks in the run */
907 __le32
*block_to_free_p
= NULL
; /* Pointer into inode/ind
910 ext4_fsblk_t nr
; /* Current block # */
911 __le32
*p
; /* Pointer into inode/ind
915 if (this_bh
) { /* For indirect block */
916 BUFFER_TRACE(this_bh
, "get_write_access");
917 err
= ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle
, this_bh
);
918 /* Important: if we can't update the indirect pointers
919 * to the blocks, we can't free them. */
924 for (p
= first
; p
< last
; p
++) {
925 nr
= le32_to_cpu(*p
);
927 /* accumulate blocks to free if they're contiguous */
932 } else if (nr
== block_to_free
+ count
) {
935 err
= ext4_clear_blocks(handle
, inode
, this_bh
,
936 block_to_free
, count
,
947 if (!err
&& count
> 0)
948 err
= ext4_clear_blocks(handle
, inode
, this_bh
, block_to_free
,
949 count
, block_to_free_p
, p
);
955 BUFFER_TRACE(this_bh
, "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
958 * The buffer head should have an attached journal head at this
959 * point. However, if the data is corrupted and an indirect
960 * block pointed to itself, it would have been detached when
961 * the block was cleared. Check for this instead of OOPSing.
963 if ((EXT4_JOURNAL(inode
) == NULL
) || bh2jh(this_bh
))
964 ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle
, inode
, this_bh
);
966 EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode
,
967 "circular indirect block detected at "
969 (unsigned long long) this_bh
->b_blocknr
);
974 * ext4_free_branches - free an array of branches
975 * @handle: JBD handle for this transaction
976 * @inode: inode we are dealing with
977 * @parent_bh: the buffer_head which contains *@first and *@last
978 * @first: array of block numbers
979 * @last: pointer immediately past the end of array
980 * @depth: depth of the branches to free
982 * We are freeing all blocks referred from these branches (numbers are
983 * stored as little-endian 32-bit) and updating @inode->i_blocks
986 static void ext4_free_branches(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
,
987 struct buffer_head
*parent_bh
,
988 __le32
*first
, __le32
*last
, int depth
)
993 if (ext4_handle_is_aborted(handle
))
997 struct buffer_head
*bh
;
998 int addr_per_block
= EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode
->i_sb
);
1000 while (--p
>= first
) {
1001 nr
= le32_to_cpu(*p
);
1003 continue; /* A hole */
1005 if (!ext4_data_block_valid(EXT4_SB(inode
->i_sb
),
1007 EXT4_ERROR_INODE(inode
,
1008 "invalid indirect mapped "
1009 "block %lu (level %d)",
1010 (unsigned long) nr
, depth
);
1014 /* Go read the buffer for the next level down */
1015 bh
= sb_bread(inode
->i_sb
, nr
);
1018 * A read failure? Report error and clear slot
1022 ext4_error_inode_block(inode
, nr
, EIO
,
1027 /* This zaps the entire block. Bottom up. */
1028 BUFFER_TRACE(bh
, "free child branches");
1029 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, bh
,
1030 (__le32
*) bh
->b_data
,
1031 (__le32
*) bh
->b_data
+ addr_per_block
,
1036 * Everything below this this pointer has been
1037 * released. Now let this top-of-subtree go.
1039 * We want the freeing of this indirect block to be
1040 * atomic in the journal with the updating of the
1041 * bitmap block which owns it. So make some room in
1044 * We zero the parent pointer *after* freeing its
1045 * pointee in the bitmaps, so if extend_transaction()
1046 * for some reason fails to put the bitmap changes and
1047 * the release into the same transaction, recovery
1048 * will merely complain about releasing a free block,
1049 * rather than leaking blocks.
1051 if (ext4_handle_is_aborted(handle
))
1053 if (ext4_ind_truncate_ensure_credits(handle
, inode
,
1055 ext4_free_metadata_revoke_credits(
1056 inode
->i_sb
, 1)) < 0)
1060 * The forget flag here is critical because if
1061 * we are journaling (and not doing data
1062 * journaling), we have to make sure a revoke
1063 * record is written to prevent the journal
1064 * replay from overwriting the (former)
1065 * indirect block if it gets reallocated as a
1066 * data block. This must happen in the same
1067 * transaction where the data blocks are
1070 ext4_free_blocks(handle
, inode
, NULL
, nr
, 1,
1071 EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_METADATA
|
1072 EXT4_FREE_BLOCKS_FORGET
);
1076 * The block which we have just freed is
1077 * pointed to by an indirect block: journal it
1079 BUFFER_TRACE(parent_bh
, "get_write_access");
1080 if (!ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle
,
1083 BUFFER_TRACE(parent_bh
,
1084 "call ext4_handle_dirty_metadata");
1085 ext4_handle_dirty_metadata(handle
,
1092 /* We have reached the bottom of the tree. */
1093 BUFFER_TRACE(parent_bh
, "free data blocks");
1094 ext4_free_data(handle
, inode
, parent_bh
, first
, last
);
1098 void ext4_ind_truncate(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
)
1100 struct ext4_inode_info
*ei
= EXT4_I(inode
);
1101 __le32
*i_data
= ei
->i_data
;
1102 int addr_per_block
= EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode
->i_sb
);
1103 ext4_lblk_t offsets
[4];
1108 ext4_lblk_t last_block
, max_block
;
1109 unsigned blocksize
= inode
->i_sb
->s_blocksize
;
1111 last_block
= (inode
->i_size
+ blocksize
-1)
1112 >> EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode
->i_sb
);
1113 max_block
= (EXT4_SB(inode
->i_sb
)->s_bitmap_maxbytes
+ blocksize
-1)
1114 >> EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode
->i_sb
);
1116 if (last_block
!= max_block
) {
1117 n
= ext4_block_to_path(inode
, last_block
, offsets
, NULL
);
1122 ext4_es_remove_extent(inode
, last_block
, EXT_MAX_BLOCKS
- last_block
);
1125 * The orphan list entry will now protect us from any crash which
1126 * occurs before the truncate completes, so it is now safe to propagate
1127 * the new, shorter inode size (held for now in i_size) into the
1128 * on-disk inode. We do this via i_disksize, which is the value which
1129 * ext4 *really* writes onto the disk inode.
1131 ei
->i_disksize
= inode
->i_size
;
1133 if (last_block
== max_block
) {
1135 * It is unnecessary to free any data blocks if last_block is
1136 * equal to the indirect block limit.
1139 } else if (n
== 1) { /* direct blocks */
1140 ext4_free_data(handle
, inode
, NULL
, i_data
+offsets
[0],
1141 i_data
+ EXT4_NDIR_BLOCKS
);
1145 partial
= ext4_find_shared(inode
, n
, offsets
, chain
, &nr
);
1146 /* Kill the top of shared branch (not detached) */
1148 if (partial
== chain
) {
1149 /* Shared branch grows from the inode */
1150 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
,
1151 &nr
, &nr
+1, (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1154 * We mark the inode dirty prior to restart,
1155 * and prior to stop. No need for it here.
1158 /* Shared branch grows from an indirect block */
1159 BUFFER_TRACE(partial
->bh
, "get_write_access");
1160 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
,
1162 partial
->p
+1, (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1165 /* Clear the ends of indirect blocks on the shared branch */
1166 while (partial
> chain
) {
1167 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
, partial
->p
+ 1,
1168 (__le32
*)partial
->bh
->b_data
+addr_per_block
,
1169 (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1170 BUFFER_TRACE(partial
->bh
, "call brelse");
1171 brelse(partial
->bh
);
1175 /* Kill the remaining (whole) subtrees */
1176 switch (offsets
[0]) {
1178 nr
= i_data
[EXT4_IND_BLOCK
];
1180 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
, &nr
, &nr
+1, 1);
1181 i_data
[EXT4_IND_BLOCK
] = 0;
1184 case EXT4_IND_BLOCK
:
1185 nr
= i_data
[EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
];
1187 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
, &nr
, &nr
+1, 2);
1188 i_data
[EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
] = 0;
1191 case EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
:
1192 nr
= i_data
[EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
];
1194 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
, &nr
, &nr
+1, 3);
1195 i_data
[EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
] = 0;
1198 case EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
:
1204 * ext4_ind_remove_space - remove space from the range
1205 * @handle: JBD handle for this transaction
1206 * @inode: inode we are dealing with
1207 * @start: First block to remove
1208 * @end: One block after the last block to remove (exclusive)
1210 * Free the blocks in the defined range (end is exclusive endpoint of
1211 * range). This is used by ext4_punch_hole().
1213 int ext4_ind_remove_space(handle_t
*handle
, struct inode
*inode
,
1214 ext4_lblk_t start
, ext4_lblk_t end
)
1216 struct ext4_inode_info
*ei
= EXT4_I(inode
);
1217 __le32
*i_data
= ei
->i_data
;
1218 int addr_per_block
= EXT4_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(inode
->i_sb
);
1219 ext4_lblk_t offsets
[4], offsets2
[4];
1220 Indirect chain
[4], chain2
[4];
1221 Indirect
*partial
, *partial2
;
1222 Indirect
*p
= NULL
, *p2
= NULL
;
1223 ext4_lblk_t max_block
;
1224 __le32 nr
= 0, nr2
= 0;
1226 unsigned blocksize
= inode
->i_sb
->s_blocksize
;
1228 max_block
= (EXT4_SB(inode
->i_sb
)->s_bitmap_maxbytes
+ blocksize
-1)
1229 >> EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(inode
->i_sb
);
1230 if (end
>= max_block
)
1232 if ((start
>= end
) || (start
> max_block
))
1235 n
= ext4_block_to_path(inode
, start
, offsets
, NULL
);
1236 n2
= ext4_block_to_path(inode
, end
, offsets2
, NULL
);
1240 if ((n
== 1) && (n
== n2
)) {
1241 /* We're punching only within direct block range */
1242 ext4_free_data(handle
, inode
, NULL
, i_data
+ offsets
[0],
1243 i_data
+ offsets2
[0]);
1245 } else if (n2
> n
) {
1247 * Start and end are on a different levels so we're going to
1248 * free partial block at start, and partial block at end of
1249 * the range. If there are some levels in between then
1250 * do_indirects label will take care of that.
1255 * Start is at the direct block level, free
1256 * everything to the end of the level.
1258 ext4_free_data(handle
, inode
, NULL
, i_data
+ offsets
[0],
1259 i_data
+ EXT4_NDIR_BLOCKS
);
1264 partial
= p
= ext4_find_shared(inode
, n
, offsets
, chain
, &nr
);
1266 if (partial
== chain
) {
1267 /* Shared branch grows from the inode */
1268 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
,
1269 &nr
, &nr
+1, (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1272 /* Shared branch grows from an indirect block */
1273 BUFFER_TRACE(partial
->bh
, "get_write_access");
1274 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
,
1276 partial
->p
+1, (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1281 * Clear the ends of indirect blocks on the shared branch
1282 * at the start of the range
1284 while (partial
> chain
) {
1285 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
,
1287 (__le32
*)partial
->bh
->b_data
+addr_per_block
,
1288 (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1293 partial2
= p2
= ext4_find_shared(inode
, n2
, offsets2
, chain2
, &nr2
);
1295 if (partial2
== chain2
) {
1297 * Remember, end is exclusive so here we're at
1298 * the start of the next level we're not going
1299 * to free. Everything was covered by the start
1306 * ext4_find_shared returns Indirect structure which
1307 * points to the last element which should not be
1308 * removed by truncate. But this is end of the range
1309 * in punch_hole so we need to point to the next element
1315 * Clear the ends of indirect blocks on the shared branch
1316 * at the end of the range
1318 while (partial2
> chain2
) {
1319 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial2
->bh
,
1320 (__le32
*)partial2
->bh
->b_data
,
1322 (chain2
+n2
-1) - partial2
);
1328 /* Punch happened within the same level (n == n2) */
1329 partial
= p
= ext4_find_shared(inode
, n
, offsets
, chain
, &nr
);
1330 partial2
= p2
= ext4_find_shared(inode
, n2
, offsets2
, chain2
, &nr2
);
1332 /* Free top, but only if partial2 isn't its subtree. */
1334 int level
= min(partial
- chain
, partial2
- chain2
);
1338 for (i
= 0; i
<= level
; i
++) {
1339 if (offsets
[i
] != offsets2
[i
]) {
1346 if (partial
== chain
) {
1347 /* Shared branch grows from the inode */
1348 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
,
1350 (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1353 /* Shared branch grows from an indirect block */
1354 BUFFER_TRACE(partial
->bh
, "get_write_access");
1355 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
,
1358 (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1365 * ext4_find_shared returns Indirect structure which
1366 * points to the last element which should not be
1367 * removed by truncate. But this is end of the range
1368 * in punch_hole so we need to point to the next element
1373 while (partial
> chain
|| partial2
> chain2
) {
1374 int depth
= (chain
+n
-1) - partial
;
1375 int depth2
= (chain2
+n2
-1) - partial2
;
1377 if (partial
> chain
&& partial2
> chain2
&&
1378 partial
->bh
->b_blocknr
== partial2
->bh
->b_blocknr
) {
1380 * We've converged on the same block. Clear the range,
1383 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
,
1386 (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1391 * The start and end partial branches may not be at the same
1392 * level even though the punch happened within one level. So, we
1393 * give them a chance to arrive at the same level, then walk
1394 * them in step with each other until we converge on the same
1397 if (partial
> chain
&& depth
<= depth2
) {
1398 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial
->bh
,
1400 (__le32
*)partial
->bh
->b_data
+addr_per_block
,
1401 (chain
+n
-1) - partial
);
1404 if (partial2
> chain2
&& depth2
<= depth
) {
1405 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, partial2
->bh
,
1406 (__le32
*)partial2
->bh
->b_data
,
1408 (chain2
+n2
-1) - partial2
);
1414 while (p
&& p
> chain
) {
1415 BUFFER_TRACE(p
->bh
, "call brelse");
1419 while (p2
&& p2
> chain2
) {
1420 BUFFER_TRACE(p2
->bh
, "call brelse");
1427 /* Kill the remaining (whole) subtrees */
1428 switch (offsets
[0]) {
1432 nr
= i_data
[EXT4_IND_BLOCK
];
1434 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
, &nr
, &nr
+1, 1);
1435 i_data
[EXT4_IND_BLOCK
] = 0;
1438 case EXT4_IND_BLOCK
:
1441 nr
= i_data
[EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
];
1443 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
, &nr
, &nr
+1, 2);
1444 i_data
[EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
] = 0;
1447 case EXT4_DIND_BLOCK
:
1450 nr
= i_data
[EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
];
1452 ext4_free_branches(handle
, inode
, NULL
, &nr
, &nr
+1, 3);
1453 i_data
[EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
] = 0;
1456 case EXT4_TIND_BLOCK
: