2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
42 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
44 unsigned long start
, size
;
47 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
49 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
51 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
52 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
56 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
58 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
60 printk(KERN_WARNING
"ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
61 "please update your bootloader.\n");
62 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
63 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
67 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
69 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
71 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
72 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
76 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
78 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
79 void __init
early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
81 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
82 phys_initrd_size
= end
- start
;
84 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
87 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
88 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
89 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
91 struct meminfo meminfo
;
93 void show_mem(unsigned int filter
)
95 int free
= 0, total
= 0, reserved
= 0;
96 int shared
= 0, cached
= 0, slab
= 0, i
;
97 struct meminfo
* mi
= &meminfo
;
99 printk("Mem-info:\n");
100 show_free_areas(filter
);
102 for_each_bank (i
, mi
) {
103 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
104 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
105 struct page
*page
, *end
;
107 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
108 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
110 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
111 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
115 if (PageReserved(page
))
117 else if (PageSwapCache(page
))
119 else if (PageSlab(page
))
121 else if (!page_count(page
))
124 shared
+= page_count(page
) - 1;
126 } while (page
< end
);
129 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total
);
130 printk("%d free pages\n", free
);
131 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved
);
132 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab
);
133 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared
);
134 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached
);
137 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
138 unsigned long *max_high
)
140 struct meminfo
*mi
= &meminfo
;
143 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
144 *min
= bank_pfn_start(&mi
->bank
[0]);
145 for_each_bank (i
, mi
)
146 if (mi
->bank
[i
].highmem
)
148 *max_low
= bank_pfn_end(&mi
->bank
[i
- 1]);
149 *max_high
= bank_pfn_end(&mi
->bank
[mi
->nr_banks
- 1]);
152 static void __init
arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn
,
153 unsigned long end_pfn
)
155 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
156 unsigned int boot_pages
;
161 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
162 * of memory which has already been mapped.
164 boot_pages
= bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn
- start_pfn
);
165 bitmap
= memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages
<< PAGE_SHIFT
, L1_CACHE_BYTES
,
166 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn
));
169 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
170 * memory banks over to bootmem.
173 pgdat
= NODE_DATA(0);
174 init_bootmem_node(pgdat
, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap
), start_pfn
, end_pfn
);
176 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
177 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
178 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
179 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
186 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
), (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
);
189 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
190 for_each_memblock(reserved
, reg
) {
191 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg
);
192 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg
);
199 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start
),
200 (end
- start
) << PAGE_SHIFT
, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT
);
204 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
206 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
207 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
210 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
211 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
212 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
213 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
215 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit
;
217 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
218 unsigned long dma_size
)
220 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
223 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
224 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
225 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
230 void __init
setup_dma_zone(struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
232 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
233 if (mdesc
->dma_zone_size
) {
234 arm_dma_zone_size
= mdesc
->dma_zone_size
;
235 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
237 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
241 static void __init
arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
242 unsigned long max_high
)
244 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
245 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
248 * initialise the zones.
250 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
253 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
254 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
255 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
257 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
258 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
259 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
263 * Calculate the size of the holes.
264 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
266 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
267 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
268 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
269 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
271 if (start
< max_low
) {
272 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
273 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
275 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
277 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
278 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
283 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
285 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
288 if (arm_dma_zone_size
)
289 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
290 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
293 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
296 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
297 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
299 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn
));
301 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
304 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
305 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
309 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
311 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
313 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
314 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
315 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
319 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= true;
321 phys_addr_t __init
arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size
, phys_addr_t align
)
325 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted
);
327 phys
= memblock_alloc_base(size
, align
, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE
);
328 memblock_free(phys
, size
);
329 memblock_remove(phys
, size
);
334 void __init
arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo
*mi
, struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
338 for (i
= 0; i
< mi
->nr_banks
; i
++)
339 memblock_add(mi
->bank
[i
].start
, mi
->bank
[i
].size
);
341 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
342 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
343 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata
), _end
- _sdata
);
345 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext
), _end
- _stext
);
347 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
348 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
349 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
350 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
351 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
352 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
354 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
355 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
356 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
357 phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
358 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
360 if (phys_initrd_size
) {
361 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
363 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
364 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
365 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
369 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
370 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
372 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
377 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
378 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
380 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit
, arm_lowmem_limit
));
382 arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= false;
383 memblock_allow_resize();
387 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
389 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
391 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
393 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
395 arm_bootmem_init(min
, max_low
);
398 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
399 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
401 arm_memory_present();
404 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
409 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
410 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
411 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
413 arm_bootmem_free(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
416 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
417 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
418 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
420 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
421 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
423 max_low_pfn
= max_low
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
424 max_pfn
= max_high
- PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
427 static inline int free_area(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
, char *s
)
429 unsigned int pages
= 0, size
= (end
- pfn
) << (PAGE_SHIFT
- 10);
431 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++) {
432 struct page
*page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
433 ClearPageReserved(page
);
434 init_page_count(page
);
440 printk(KERN_INFO
"Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s
, size
);
446 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
447 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
449 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
452 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
457 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
459 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
460 unsigned long pg
, pgend
;
463 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
465 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
466 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
469 * Convert to physical addresses, and
470 * round start upwards and end downwards.
472 pg
= (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
473 pgend
= (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
476 * If there are free pages between these,
477 * free the section of the memmap array.
480 free_bootmem(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
484 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
486 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo
*mi
)
488 unsigned long bank_start
, prev_bank_end
= 0;
492 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
493 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
495 for_each_bank(i
, mi
) {
496 struct membank
*bank
= &mi
->bank
[i
];
498 bank_start
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
500 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
502 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
503 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
505 bank_start
= min(bank_start
,
506 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
509 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
510 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
511 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
513 bank_start
= round_down(bank_start
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
516 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
517 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
519 if (prev_bank_end
&& prev_bank_end
< bank_start
)
520 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
, bank_start
);
523 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
524 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
525 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
527 prev_bank_end
= ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank
), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
530 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
531 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
532 free_memmap(prev_bank_end
,
533 ALIGN(prev_bank_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
537 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
539 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
540 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
;
541 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
543 /* set highmem page free */
544 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
545 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
546 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
548 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
552 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
556 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
557 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
558 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
560 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
561 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
565 if (res_start
< start
)
571 if (res_start
!= start
)
572 totalhigh_pages
+= free_area(start
, res_start
,
579 /* And now free anything which remains */
581 totalhigh_pages
+= free_area(start
, end
, NULL
);
583 totalram_pages
+= totalhigh_pages
;
588 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
589 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
590 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
592 void __init
mem_init(void)
594 unsigned long reserved_pages
, free_pages
;
595 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
597 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
598 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
603 max_mapnr
= pfn_to_page(max_pfn
+ PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
) - mem_map
;
605 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
606 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo
);
608 totalram_pages
+= free_all_bootmem();
611 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
612 totalram_pages
+= free_area(PHYS_PFN_OFFSET
,
613 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(swapper_pg_dir
)), NULL
);
618 reserved_pages
= free_pages
= 0;
620 for_each_bank(i
, &meminfo
) {
621 struct membank
*bank
= &meminfo
.bank
[i
];
622 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
623 struct page
*page
, *end
;
625 pfn1
= bank_pfn_start(bank
);
626 pfn2
= bank_pfn_end(bank
);
628 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
629 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
632 if (PageReserved(page
))
634 else if (!page_count(page
))
637 } while (page
< end
);
641 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
642 * real number of pages we have in this system
644 printk(KERN_INFO
"Memory:");
646 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
647 unsigned long pages
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
) -
648 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
649 num_physpages
+= pages
;
650 printk(" %ldMB", pages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
652 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages
>> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
));
654 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
655 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
656 free_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
657 reserved_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10),
658 totalhigh_pages
<< (PAGE_SHIFT
-10));
660 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
661 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
662 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
664 printk(KERN_NOTICE
"Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
665 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
666 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
667 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
668 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
670 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
671 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
672 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
673 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
674 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
676 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
677 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
679 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
680 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
681 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
682 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
684 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
) +
686 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
687 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
688 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
690 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_TOP
),
691 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
692 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
693 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
694 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
697 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
698 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
701 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
702 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
703 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
704 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
711 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
712 * be detected at build time already.
715 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
716 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
719 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
720 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
721 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
724 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && num_physpages
<= 128) {
725 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
727 * On a machine this small we won't get
728 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
731 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
735 void free_initmem(void)
737 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
738 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
740 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
741 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_start
)),
742 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(&__tcm_end
)),
746 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
747 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
748 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_begin
)),
749 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(__init_end
)),
753 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
755 static int keep_initrd
;
757 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
760 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
761 totalram_pages
+= free_area(__phys_to_pfn(__pa(start
)),
762 __phys_to_pfn(__pa(end
)),
767 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
773 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);