1 February 2003 Kernel Parameters v2.5.59
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
25 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
26 APIC APIC support is enabled.
27 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30 DEVFS devfs support is enabled.
31 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
36 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
42 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44 LP Printer support is enabled.
45 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
46 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
47 These options have more detailed description inside of
48 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
50 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
51 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52 MTD MTD support is enabled.
53 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
54 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
55 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
57 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
60 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
62 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
64 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
66 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
67 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
70 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
72 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
74 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
75 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76 USB USB support is enabled.
77 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
79 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
80 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
82 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121 See Documentation/power/video.txt
123 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127 ACPI will balance active IRQs
130 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
134 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
136 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
151 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
158 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167 override platform specific driver.
168 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
181 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
185 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
191 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
201 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
204 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
207 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
210 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
215 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219 connected to one of 16 gameports
220 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
223 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
225 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227 APC and your system crashes randomly.
229 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231 Change the amount of debugging information output
232 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
235 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
240 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
245 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250 EzKey and similar keyboards
252 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
255 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
260 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264 Use software keyboard repeat
268 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
277 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
279 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
297 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
300 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
304 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314 This option provides an override for these situations.
317 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323 Format: { "0" | "1" }
324 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326 any implied execute protection).
327 1 -- check protection requested by application.
328 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329 Value can be changed at runtime via
330 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332 clock= [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333 Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335 timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
342 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
344 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
346 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
348 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
352 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
353 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
355 condev= [HW,S390] console device
358 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
360 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
363 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
364 the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
365 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
368 See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
370 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
371 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
372 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
373 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
374 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
375 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
377 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
379 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
382 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
384 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
385 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
386 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
389 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
394 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
395 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
397 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
400 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
402 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
403 (one device per port)
404 Format: <port#>,<type>
405 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
407 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
410 Format: <area>[,<node>]
411 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
414 See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
417 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
420 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
422 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
423 See drivers/char/README.epca and
424 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
426 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
428 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
430 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
436 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
438 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
440 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
443 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
445 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
447 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
450 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
460 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
461 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
464 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
466 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
467 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
470 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
471 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
474 Format: {"as" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
475 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
476 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
478 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
479 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
480 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
481 pass this option to capture kernel.
482 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
484 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
486 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
487 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
488 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
490 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
493 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
494 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
497 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
498 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
500 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
501 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
502 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
504 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
508 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
511 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
514 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
516 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
517 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
520 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
521 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
522 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
523 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
528 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
530 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
531 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
536 gt96100eth= [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
539 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
543 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
544 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
545 for IA-64, off otherwise.
546 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
548 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
550 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
551 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
553 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
554 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
556 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
557 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
558 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
559 size on bigger boxes.
562 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
564 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
566 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
568 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
569 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
570 keyboard and can not control its state
571 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
572 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
573 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
574 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
576 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
579 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
580 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
581 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
582 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
586 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
587 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
589 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
590 does not match list of supported models.
592 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
593 (disabled by default)
594 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
597 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
598 See Documentation/mca.txt.
601 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
603 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
604 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
605 See Documentation/ide.txt.
607 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
608 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
609 See Documentation/ide.txt.
611 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
612 See Documentation/ide.txt.
615 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
618 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
621 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
625 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
628 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
629 for working out where the kernel is dying during
632 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
634 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
637 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
638 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
639 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
640 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
641 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
642 changing hdc to sdb).
643 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
647 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
648 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
649 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
652 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
654 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
655 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
657 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
658 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
661 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
662 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
666 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
667 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
668 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
672 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
674 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
675 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
676 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
677 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
678 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
679 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
680 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
681 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
683 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
684 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
685 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
686 suboptimal load balancer performance.
689 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
693 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
694 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
698 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
703 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
706 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
707 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
709 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
710 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
712 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
713 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
719 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
722 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
723 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
724 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
725 loglevels are defined as follows:
727 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
728 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
729 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
730 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
731 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
732 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
733 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
734 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
736 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
737 Format: { n | nk | nM }
738 n must be a power of two. The default size
739 is set in the kernel config file.
741 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
742 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
743 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
744 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
745 specified in addition to the ports) causes
746 attached printers to be reset. Using
747 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
748 to associate lp devices with, starting with
749 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
750 that lp device, or a parport name such as
751 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
752 port specification list means that device IDs
753 from each port should be examined, to see if
754 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
755 so, the driver will manage that printer.
756 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
759 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
760 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
761 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
762 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
763 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
764 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
765 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
766 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
767 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
768 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
769 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
773 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
775 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
776 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
778 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
779 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
781 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
782 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
783 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
785 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
786 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
791 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
795 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
798 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
799 equal to this physical address is ignored.
801 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
802 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
805 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
806 Should be between 1 and 16384.
808 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
813 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
817 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
819 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
820 See Documentation/md.txt.
823 Format: <first>,<last>
824 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
826 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
827 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
828 to see the whole system memory or for test.
829 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
830 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
831 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
833 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
836 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
837 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
838 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
839 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
842 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
843 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
844 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
846 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
847 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
848 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
850 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
851 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
852 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
854 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
855 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
860 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
861 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
862 This debugging option can be used to override the
863 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
864 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
865 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
866 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
867 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
868 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
870 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
871 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
872 development purposes, not production environments.
875 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
877 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
878 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
879 increase verbosity of the detection process.
880 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
881 some more information, and 2 will be really
882 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
883 serial console attached to the system).
886 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
888 This debug option can be used to proportionally
889 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
890 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
891 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
892 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
893 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
894 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
895 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
898 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
899 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
900 development purposes, not production environments.
903 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
904 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
905 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
906 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
908 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
909 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
910 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
911 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
917 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
919 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
920 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
923 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
925 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
926 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
927 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
929 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
932 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
938 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
940 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
944 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
945 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
946 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
947 something different and driver-specific.
948 This usage is only documented in each driver source
952 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
954 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
955 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
957 nfs.callback_tcpport=
958 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
959 channel should listen.
961 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
962 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
965 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
967 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
968 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
973 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
974 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
976 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
979 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
980 on "Classic" PPC cores.
984 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
988 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
989 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
990 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
996 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
997 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1000 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1001 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1002 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1003 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1004 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1007 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1008 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1010 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1012 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1017 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1019 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1020 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1022 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1024 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1026 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1029 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1030 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1031 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1035 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1037 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1039 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1041 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1045 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1051 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1053 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1054 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1056 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1057 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1062 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1063 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1064 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1066 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1069 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1070 connected to, default is 0.
1072 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1073 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1076 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1077 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1078 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1079 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1080 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1081 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1082 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1083 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1084 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1085 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1086 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1087 are specified on the command line, starting
1090 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1091 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1092 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1093 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1094 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1095 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1096 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1098 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1099 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1102 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1107 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1108 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1110 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1111 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1112 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1113 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1114 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1115 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1116 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1117 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1118 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1119 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1121 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1123 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1124 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1125 done to get a device order compatible with
1127 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1128 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1129 on several machines and they hang the machine
1130 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1131 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1132 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1133 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1135 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1136 Use with caution as certain devices share
1137 address decoders between ROMs and other
1139 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1140 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1141 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1143 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1144 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1145 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1146 F0000h-100000h range.
1147 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1148 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1149 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1150 explicitly which ones they are.
1151 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1152 numbers ourselves, overriding
1153 whatever the firmware may have done.
1154 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1155 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1156 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1157 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1158 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1159 IRQ routing is enabled.
1160 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1161 or for PCI scanning.
1162 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1163 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1164 so this option is a temporary workaround
1165 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1166 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1167 just use the configuration from the
1168 bootloader. This is currently used on
1169 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1170 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1172 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1175 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1177 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1180 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1183 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1186 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1188 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1189 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1191 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1192 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1193 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1199 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1202 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1205 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1207 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1208 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1211 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1213 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1215 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1216 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1217 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1218 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1219 statistical time based profiling.
1221 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1222 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1223 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1225 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1226 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1227 instead using the legacy FADT method
1229 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1231 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1233 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1234 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1235 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1237 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1238 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1241 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1242 psmouse.smartscroll=
1243 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1244 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1246 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1248 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1251 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1253 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages
1258 See Documentation/md.txt.
1260 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1261 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1263 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1264 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1266 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1267 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1268 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1272 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1273 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1275 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1276 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1277 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1279 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1282 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1284 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1285 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1287 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1288 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1290 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1292 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1294 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1295 mount the root filesystem
1297 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1299 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1301 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1303 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1306 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1309 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1311 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1313 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1315 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1316 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1318 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1319 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1321 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1322 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1324 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1325 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1328 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1329 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1330 (flags are integer value)
1332 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1334 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1335 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1336 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1339 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1340 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1341 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1343 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1345 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1348 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1351 Maximal number of shapers.
1354 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1360 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1361 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1366 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1368 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1370 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1372 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1374 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1376 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1378 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1380 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1382 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1384 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1386 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1388 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1390 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1392 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1394 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1396 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1398 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1400 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1402 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1404 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1406 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1408 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1410 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1412 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1414 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1416 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1418 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1420 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1424 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1426 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1428 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1433 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1435 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1437 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1439 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1441 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1443 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1451 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1455 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1457 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1459 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1465 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1467 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1469 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1471 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1476 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1478 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1480 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1482 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1484 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1490 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1494 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1496 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1497 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1499 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1500 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1502 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1508 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1510 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1511 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1514 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1518 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1519 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1520 as the initial boot-console.
1521 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1524 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1527 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1529 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1533 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1534 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1537 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1541 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1542 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1544 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1546 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1547 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1550 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1551 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1554 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1557 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1558 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1562 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1564 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1566 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1567 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1569 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1570 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1572 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1573 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1575 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1576 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1585 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1587 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1588 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1590 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1591 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1592 Documentation/svga.txt.
1593 Use vga=ask for menu.
1594 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1595 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1597 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1598 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1599 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1600 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1607 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1608 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1611 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1614 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1617 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1619 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1620 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1622 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1624 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1627 ______________________________________________________________________
1630 2000-06-?? Mr. Unknown
1631 The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1633 2002-11-24 Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1634 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1635 Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1636 references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1637 PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1640 2005-10-19 Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1641 Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1645 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1646 Add more DRM drivers.