[PATCH] convert /proc/devices to use seq_file interface
[linux/fpc-iii.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blobfe11fccf7e41bd7bb1abd38be8c73cb52775cc2d
1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
128                         default in APIC mode
130         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
132                         default in PIC mode
134         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
135                         use by PCI
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
150                         Format: <int>
151                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
157                         Format: <int>
158                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167                         override platform specific driver.
168                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
180         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
181                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
184         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
185                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
187         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
188                         Format: <io>
190         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
191                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
200         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
201                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
203         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
204                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
206         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
207                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
209         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
210                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
214                         Format: <a>,<b>
215                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219                         connected to one of 16 gameports
220                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
222         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
223                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
224                         Format: noidle
225                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
229         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231                         Change the amount of debugging information output
232                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
235                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
237         applicom=       [HW]
238                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
240         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
243         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
245         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250                         EzKey and similar keyboards
252         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
255                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
258                         keyboards
260         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264                         Use software keyboard repeat
266         autotest        [IA64]
268         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
275                         Format: <io>,<mode>
277         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
278                         Format: <io>,<mode>
279                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
292         blkmtd_erasesz=
293         blkmtd_ro=
294         blkmtd_bs=
295         blkmtd_count=
297         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
299                         kernel args too.
300         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
303         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
304                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314                         This option provides an override for these situations.
316         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
317                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
324                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326                                 any implied execute protection).
327                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
328                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329                         Value can be changed at runtime via
330                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
339                         Format: disable
341         cm206=          [HW,CD]
342                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
344         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
345                         Format:
346                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
348         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
349                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
351         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
352                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
353                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
355         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
356         conmode=
358         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
360                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
362                 ttyS<n>[,options]
363                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
364                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
365                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
366                         Default is "9600n8".
368                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
370                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
371                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
372                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
373                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
374                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
375                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
377         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
378                         Format:
379                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
381         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
382                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
384         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
385                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
386                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
388         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
389                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
391         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
392                         Format: <dma>
394         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
395                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
397         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
399         dasd=           [HW,NET]
400                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
402         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
403                         (one device per port)
404                         Format: <port#>,<type>
405                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
407         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
409         decnet=         [HW,NET]
410                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
411                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
413         devfs=          [DEVFS]
414                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
416         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
417                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
419         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
420                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
422         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
423                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
424                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
426         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
427                         support available.
428                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
430         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
432         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
434         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
436         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
437                         earlyprintk=vga
438                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
440                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
441                         takes over.
443                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
445                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
447                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
448                         very good.
450                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
451                         console.
453         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
455         eda=            [HW,PS2]
457         edb=            [HW,PS2]
459         edd=            [EDD]
460                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
461                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
463         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
464                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
466         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
467                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
469         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
470                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
471                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
473         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
474                         Format: {"as" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
475                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
476                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
478         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32, X86_64]
479                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
480                         image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
481                         pass this option to capture kernel.
482                         See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
484         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
485                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
486                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
487                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
488                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
489                         Default value is 0.
490                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
492         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
493                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
494                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
496         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
497                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
498                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
500         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
501                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
502                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
504         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
505                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
507         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
508                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
510         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
511                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
513         floppy=         [HW]
514                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
516         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
517                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
519         gamecon.map[2|3]=
520                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
521                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
522                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
523                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
525         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
527         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
528                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
530         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
531                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
533         gscd=           [HW,CD]
534                         Format: <io>
536         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
538         gus=            [HW,OSS]
539                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
541         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
543         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
544                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
545                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
546                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
548         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
550         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
551                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
553         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
554         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
556         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
557                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
558                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
559                         size on bigger boxes.
561         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
562                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
564         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
566         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
568         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
569         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
570                              keyboard and can not control its state
571                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
572         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
573         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
574         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
575                              controller
576         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
577                              controllers
578         i8042.panicblink=
579                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
580                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
581         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
582         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
584         i810=           [HW,DRM]
586         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
587                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
588                         hardware.
589         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
590                         does not match list of supported models.
591         i8k.power_status
592                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
593                         (disabled by default)
594         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
595                         capability is set.
597         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
598                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
600         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
601                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
603         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
604                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
605                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
607         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
608                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
609                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
611         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
612                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
614         idle=           [HW]
615                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
617         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
618                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
620         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
621                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
623         init=           [KNL]
624                         Format: <full_path>
625                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
626                         process.
628         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
629                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
630                         startup.
632         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
634         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
635                         Format: <irq>
637         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
638                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
639                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
640                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
641                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
642                         changing hdc to sdb).
643                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
645         inttest=        [IA64]
647         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
648                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
649                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
651         ip=             [IP_PNP]
652                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
654         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
655                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
657         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
658                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
660         irqfixup        [HW]
661                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
662                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
663                         firmware running.
665         irqpoll         [HW]
666                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
667                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
668                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
669                         firmware running.
671         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
672                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
674         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
675                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
676                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
677                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
678                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
679                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
680                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
681                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
683                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
684                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
685                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
686                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
688         isp16=          [HW,CD]
689                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
691         iucv=           [HW,NET]
693         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
694                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
696         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
698         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
699                         in oops dumps.
701         l2cr=           [PPC]
703         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
704                         disabled it.
706         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
707                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
709         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
710                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
712         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
713                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
715         lockd.udpport=  [NFS]
717         lockd.tcpport=  [NFS]
719         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
720                         Format: <irq>
722         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
723                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
724                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
725                         loglevels are defined as follows:
727                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
728                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
729                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
730                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
731                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
732                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
733                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
734                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
736         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
737                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
738                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
739                         is set in the kernel config file.
741         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
742         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
743         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
744         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
745                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
746                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
747                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
748                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
749                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
750                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
751                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
752                                 port specification list means that device IDs
753                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
754                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
755                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
756                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
758         lpj=n           [KNL]
759                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
760                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
761                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
762                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
763                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
764                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
765                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
766                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
767                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
768                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
769                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
770                         hardware.
772         ltpc=           [NET]
773                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
775         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
776                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
778         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
779                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
781         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
782                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
783                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
785         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
786                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
788         maui=           [HW,OSS]
789                         Format: <io>,<irq>
791         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
792                         be mounted
793                         Format: <1-256>
795         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
796                         should make use of
798         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
799                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
801         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
802                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
804         max_report_luns=
805                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
806                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
808         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
810         mcatest=        [IA-64]
812         mcd=            [HW,CD]
813                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
815         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
817         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
819         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
820                         See Documentation/md.txt.
822         mdacon=         [MDA]
823                         Format: <first>,<last>
824                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
826         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
827                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
828                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
829                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
830                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
831                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
833         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
834                         memory.
836         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
837                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
838                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
839                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
840                         option description.
842         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
843                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
844                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
846         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
847                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
848                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
850         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
851                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
852                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
854         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
855                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
857         mga=            [HW,DRM]
859         migration_cost=
860                         [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
861                         Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
862                         This debugging option can be used to override the
863                         default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
864                         are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
865                         E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
866                         box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
867                         1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
868                         and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
870                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
871                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
872                         development purposes, not production environments.
874         migration_debug=
875                         [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
876                         Format=<0|1|2>
877                         If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
878                         seems erroneous then this option can be used to
879                         increase verbosity of the detection process.
880                         We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
881                         some more information, and 2 will be really
882                         verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
883                         serial console attached to the system).
885         migration_factor=
886                         [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
887                         Format=<percent>
888                         This debug option can be used to proportionally
889                         increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
890                         costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
891                         E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
892                         costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
893                         eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
894                         migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
895                         by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
896                         migrate tasks)
898                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
899                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
900                         development purposes, not production environments.
902         mousedev.tap_time=
903                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
904                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
905                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
906                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
907                         Format: <msecs>
908         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
909                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
910         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
911                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
913         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
914                         Format: <io>,<irq>
916         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
917                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
919         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
920                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
922         mtdparts=       [MTD]
923                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
925         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
926                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
927                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
929         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
931         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
932                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
934         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
936         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
938         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
940         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
942         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
944         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
945                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
946                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
947                         something different and driver-specific.
948                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
949                         file if at all.
951         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
952                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
954         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
955                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
957         nfs.callback_tcpport=
958                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
959                         channel should listen.
961         nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
962                         [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
963                         entries.
965         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
967         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
968                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
969                         is present.
971         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
973         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
974                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
976         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
977                         all devices.
979         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
980                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
982         nocache         [ARM]
984         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
986         noexec          [IA-64]
988         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
989                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
990                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
992         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
994         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
996         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
997                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
998                         use it.
1000         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1001                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1002                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1003                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1004                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
1005                         real-time systems.
1007         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1008                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1010         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1012         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1013                         initial RAM disk.
1015         nointroute      [IA-64]
1017         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1019         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1020                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1022         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1024         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1026         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1027                         space.
1029         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1030                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1031                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1033         nosbagart       [IA-64]
1035         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1037         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1039         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1041         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1043         nowb            [ARM]
1045         nr_uarts=       [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1047         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
1048                         Format: <io>
1050         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1051                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1053         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1054                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1056         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1057                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1059         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1060                         Format: <io>
1062         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1063                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1064                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1066         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1067                         Format: <timeout>
1069         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1070                         connected to, default is 0.
1071                         Format: <parport#>
1072         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1073                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1074                         Format: <mode>
1076         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1077                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1078                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1079                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1080                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1081                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1082                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1083                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1084                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1085                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1086                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1087                         are specified on the command line, starting
1088                         with parport0.
1090         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1091                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1092                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1093                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1094                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1095                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1096                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1098         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1099                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1101         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1102                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1104         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1106         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1107                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1108                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1110         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1111                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1112                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1113                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1114                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1115                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1116                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1117                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1118                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1119                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1120                                 Mechanism 1.
1121                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1122                                 Mechanism 2.
1123                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1124                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1125                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1126                                 older kernels.
1127                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1128                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1129                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1130                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1131                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1132                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1133                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1134                                 motherboard.
1135                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1136                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1137                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1138                                 resources.
1139                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1140                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1141                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1142                                 this way.
1143                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1144                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1145                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1146                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1147                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1148                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1149                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1150                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1151                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1152                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1153                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1154                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1155                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1156                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1157                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1158                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1159                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1160                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1161                                 or for PCI scanning.
1162                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1163                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1164                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1165                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1166                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1167                                 just use the configuration from the
1168                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1169                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1170                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1172         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1174         pd.             [PARIDE]
1175                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1177         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1178                         boot time.
1179                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1180                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1182         pf.             [PARIDE]
1183                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1185         pg.             [PARIDE]
1186                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1188         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1189                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1191         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1192                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1193                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1195         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1196                         { off }
1198         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1199                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1201         pnp_reserve_irq=
1202                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1204         pnp_reserve_dma=
1205                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1207         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1208                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1210         pnp_reserve_mem=
1211                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1212                         autoconfiguration.
1213                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1215         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1216                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1217                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1218                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1219                                 statistical time based profiling.
1221         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1222                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1223                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1225         processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1226                         Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1227                         instead using the legacy FADT method
1229         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1230                         before loading.
1231                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1233         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1234                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1235         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1236                         per second.
1237         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1238                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1239                         (0 = never).
1240         psmouse.resolution=
1241                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1242         psmouse.smartscroll=
1243                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1244                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1246         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1247                         Format:
1248                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1250         pt.             [PARIDE]
1251                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1253         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1255         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1257         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1258                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1260         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1261                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1263         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1264                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1266         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1267                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1268                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1270         rdinit=         [KNL]
1271                         Format: <full_path>
1272                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1273                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1275         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1276                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1277                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1279         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1281         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1282                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1284         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1285                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1287         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1288                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1290         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1292         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1294         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1295                         mount the root filesystem
1297         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1299         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1301         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1303         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1305         sa1100ir        [NET]
1306                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1308         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1309                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1311         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1313         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1314                         Format: <io>,<type>
1315                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1316                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1318         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1319                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1321         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1322                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1324         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1325                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1326                         Format: <integer>
1328         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1329                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1330                         (flags are integer value)
1332         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1334         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1335                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1336                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1337                         0 -- disable.
1338                         1 -- enable.
1339                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1340                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1341                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1343         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1345         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1347         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1348                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1350         shapers=        [NET]
1351                         Maximal number of shapers.
1353         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1354                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1356         simeth=         [IA-64]
1357         simscsi=
1359         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1360                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1361                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1363         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1365         smart2=         [HW]
1366                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1368         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1370         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1372         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1374         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1376         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1378         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1380         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1382         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1384         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1386         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1388         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1390         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1392         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1394         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1396         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1398         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1400         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1402         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1404         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1406         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1408         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1410         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1412         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1414         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1416         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1418         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1420         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1422         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1424         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1426         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1428         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1430         snd-interwave-stb=
1431                         [HW,ALSA]
1433         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1435         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1437         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1439         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1441         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1443         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1445         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1446                         [HW,ALSA]
1448         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1449                         [HW,ALSA]
1451         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1453         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1455         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1457         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1459         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1461         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1463         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1465         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1467         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1469         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1471         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1473         snd-sun-amd7930=
1474                         [HW,ALSA]
1476         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1478         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1480         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1482         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1484         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1486         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1488         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1490         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1491                         Format: <reverb>
1493         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1494                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1496         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1497                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1499         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1500                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1502         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1503         spia_fio_base=
1504         spia_pedr=
1505         spia_peddr=
1507         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1508                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1510         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1511                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1513         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1514                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1516         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1517                         Format: <num>
1518                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1519                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1520                         as the initial boot-console.
1521                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1523         sti_font=       [HW]
1524                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1526         stifb=          [HW]
1527                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1529         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1531         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1533         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1534                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1536         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1537                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1539         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1541         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1542                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1544         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1546         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1547                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1548                         (default 15).
1550         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1551                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1553         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1554                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1556         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1557                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1558                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1560         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1562         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1563                         Format:
1564                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1566         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1567         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1569         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1570                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1571                         Format:
1572                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1573                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1575         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1576                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1578         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1579                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1581         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1582                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1584         usbhid.mousepoll=
1585                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1587         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1588                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1590         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1591                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1592                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1593                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1594                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1595                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1597         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1598                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1599                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1600                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1601                         mapped kernel RAM.
1603         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1605         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1607         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1608                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1610         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1611                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1613         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1614                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1616         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1617                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1619         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1620         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1622         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1623                         Format:
1624                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1627 ______________________________________________________________________
1628 Changelog:
1630 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1631         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1633 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1634                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1635         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1636         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1637         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1638         reformatting.
1640 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1641         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1643 TODO:
1645         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1646         Add more DRM drivers.