1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 * (C) Copyright 1994 Linus Torvalds
6 * (C) Copyright 2002 Christoph Hellwig
8 * Address space accounting code <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
9 * (C) Copyright 2002 Red Hat Inc, All Rights Reserved
12 #include <linux/pagewalk.h>
13 #include <linux/hugetlb.h>
14 #include <linux/shm.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
17 #include <linux/highmem.h>
18 #include <linux/security.h>
19 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
20 #include <linux/personality.h>
21 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
22 #include <linux/swap.h>
23 #include <linux/swapops.h>
24 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
25 #include <linux/migrate.h>
26 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
27 #include <linux/pkeys.h>
28 #include <linux/ksm.h>
29 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
30 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
31 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
32 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
33 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
34 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
38 static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
, pmd_t
*pmd
,
39 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
, pgprot_t newprot
,
40 unsigned long cp_flags
)
44 unsigned long pages
= 0;
45 int target_node
= NUMA_NO_NODE
;
46 bool dirty_accountable
= cp_flags
& MM_CP_DIRTY_ACCT
;
47 bool prot_numa
= cp_flags
& MM_CP_PROT_NUMA
;
48 bool uffd_wp
= cp_flags
& MM_CP_UFFD_WP
;
49 bool uffd_wp_resolve
= cp_flags
& MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE
;
52 * Can be called with only the mmap_sem for reading by
53 * prot_numa so we must check the pmd isn't constantly
54 * changing from under us from pmd_none to pmd_trans_huge
55 * and/or the other way around.
57 if (pmd_trans_unstable(pmd
))
61 * The pmd points to a regular pte so the pmd can't change
62 * from under us even if the mmap_sem is only hold for
65 pte
= pte_offset_map_lock(vma
->vm_mm
, pmd
, addr
, &ptl
);
67 /* Get target node for single threaded private VMAs */
68 if (prot_numa
&& !(vma
->vm_flags
& VM_SHARED
) &&
69 atomic_read(&vma
->vm_mm
->mm_users
) == 1)
70 target_node
= numa_node_id();
72 flush_tlb_batched_pending(vma
->vm_mm
);
73 arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
76 if (pte_present(oldpte
)) {
78 bool preserve_write
= prot_numa
&& pte_write(oldpte
);
81 * Avoid trapping faults against the zero or KSM
82 * pages. See similar comment in change_huge_pmd.
87 /* Avoid TLB flush if possible */
88 if (pte_protnone(oldpte
))
91 page
= vm_normal_page(vma
, addr
, oldpte
);
92 if (!page
|| PageKsm(page
))
95 /* Also skip shared copy-on-write pages */
96 if (is_cow_mapping(vma
->vm_flags
) &&
97 page_mapcount(page
) != 1)
101 * While migration can move some dirty pages,
102 * it cannot move them all from MIGRATE_ASYNC
105 if (page_is_file_lru(page
) && PageDirty(page
))
109 * Don't mess with PTEs if page is already on the node
110 * a single-threaded process is running on.
112 if (target_node
== page_to_nid(page
))
116 oldpte
= ptep_modify_prot_start(vma
, addr
, pte
);
117 ptent
= pte_modify(oldpte
, newprot
);
119 ptent
= pte_mk_savedwrite(ptent
);
122 ptent
= pte_wrprotect(ptent
);
123 ptent
= pte_mkuffd_wp(ptent
);
124 } else if (uffd_wp_resolve
) {
126 * Leave the write bit to be handled
127 * by PF interrupt handler, then
128 * things like COW could be properly
131 ptent
= pte_clear_uffd_wp(ptent
);
134 /* Avoid taking write faults for known dirty pages */
135 if (dirty_accountable
&& pte_dirty(ptent
) &&
136 (pte_soft_dirty(ptent
) ||
137 !(vma
->vm_flags
& VM_SOFTDIRTY
))) {
138 ptent
= pte_mkwrite(ptent
);
140 ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma
, addr
, pte
, oldpte
, ptent
);
142 } else if (is_swap_pte(oldpte
)) {
143 swp_entry_t entry
= pte_to_swp_entry(oldpte
);
146 if (is_write_migration_entry(entry
)) {
148 * A protection check is difficult so
149 * just be safe and disable write
151 make_migration_entry_read(&entry
);
152 newpte
= swp_entry_to_pte(entry
);
153 if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte
))
154 newpte
= pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte
);
155 if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte
))
156 newpte
= pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte
);
157 } else if (is_write_device_private_entry(entry
)) {
159 * We do not preserve soft-dirtiness. See
160 * copy_one_pte() for explanation.
162 make_device_private_entry_read(&entry
);
163 newpte
= swp_entry_to_pte(entry
);
164 if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte
))
165 newpte
= pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte
);
171 newpte
= pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte
);
172 else if (uffd_wp_resolve
)
173 newpte
= pte_swp_clear_uffd_wp(newpte
);
175 if (!pte_same(oldpte
, newpte
)) {
176 set_pte_at(vma
->vm_mm
, addr
, pte
, newpte
);
180 } while (pte
++, addr
+= PAGE_SIZE
, addr
!= end
);
181 arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
182 pte_unmap_unlock(pte
- 1, ptl
);
188 * Used when setting automatic NUMA hinting protection where it is
189 * critical that a numa hinting PMD is not confused with a bad PMD.
191 static inline int pmd_none_or_clear_bad_unless_trans_huge(pmd_t
*pmd
)
193 pmd_t pmdval
= pmd_read_atomic(pmd
);
195 /* See pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad for info on barrier */
196 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
200 if (pmd_none(pmdval
))
202 if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdval
))
204 if (unlikely(pmd_bad(pmdval
))) {
212 static inline unsigned long change_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
,
213 pud_t
*pud
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
214 pgprot_t newprot
, unsigned long cp_flags
)
218 unsigned long pages
= 0;
219 unsigned long nr_huge_updates
= 0;
220 struct mmu_notifier_range range
;
224 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud
, addr
);
226 unsigned long this_pages
;
228 next
= pmd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
231 * Automatic NUMA balancing walks the tables with mmap_sem
232 * held for read. It's possible a parallel update to occur
233 * between pmd_trans_huge() and a pmd_none_or_clear_bad()
234 * check leading to a false positive and clearing.
235 * Hence, it's necessary to atomically read the PMD value
236 * for all the checks.
238 if (!is_swap_pmd(*pmd
) && !pmd_devmap(*pmd
) &&
239 pmd_none_or_clear_bad_unless_trans_huge(pmd
))
242 /* invoke the mmu notifier if the pmd is populated */
244 mmu_notifier_range_init(&range
,
245 MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_VMA
, 0,
246 vma
, vma
->vm_mm
, addr
, end
);
247 mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range
);
250 if (is_swap_pmd(*pmd
) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd
) || pmd_devmap(*pmd
)) {
251 if (next
- addr
!= HPAGE_PMD_SIZE
) {
252 __split_huge_pmd(vma
, pmd
, addr
, false, NULL
);
254 int nr_ptes
= change_huge_pmd(vma
, pmd
, addr
,
258 if (nr_ptes
== HPAGE_PMD_NR
) {
259 pages
+= HPAGE_PMD_NR
;
263 /* huge pmd was handled */
267 /* fall through, the trans huge pmd just split */
269 this_pages
= change_pte_range(vma
, pmd
, addr
, next
, newprot
,
274 } while (pmd
++, addr
= next
, addr
!= end
);
277 mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range
);
280 count_vm_numa_events(NUMA_HUGE_PTE_UPDATES
, nr_huge_updates
);
284 static inline unsigned long change_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
,
285 p4d_t
*p4d
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
286 pgprot_t newprot
, unsigned long cp_flags
)
290 unsigned long pages
= 0;
292 pud
= pud_offset(p4d
, addr
);
294 next
= pud_addr_end(addr
, end
);
295 if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud
))
297 pages
+= change_pmd_range(vma
, pud
, addr
, next
, newprot
,
299 } while (pud
++, addr
= next
, addr
!= end
);
304 static inline unsigned long change_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
,
305 pgd_t
*pgd
, unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
,
306 pgprot_t newprot
, unsigned long cp_flags
)
310 unsigned long pages
= 0;
312 p4d
= p4d_offset(pgd
, addr
);
314 next
= p4d_addr_end(addr
, end
);
315 if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d
))
317 pages
+= change_pud_range(vma
, p4d
, addr
, next
, newprot
,
319 } while (p4d
++, addr
= next
, addr
!= end
);
324 static unsigned long change_protection_range(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
,
325 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long end
, pgprot_t newprot
,
326 unsigned long cp_flags
)
328 struct mm_struct
*mm
= vma
->vm_mm
;
331 unsigned long start
= addr
;
332 unsigned long pages
= 0;
335 pgd
= pgd_offset(mm
, addr
);
336 flush_cache_range(vma
, addr
, end
);
337 inc_tlb_flush_pending(mm
);
339 next
= pgd_addr_end(addr
, end
);
340 if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd
))
342 pages
+= change_p4d_range(vma
, pgd
, addr
, next
, newprot
,
344 } while (pgd
++, addr
= next
, addr
!= end
);
346 /* Only flush the TLB if we actually modified any entries: */
348 flush_tlb_range(vma
, start
, end
);
349 dec_tlb_flush_pending(mm
);
354 unsigned long change_protection(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
, unsigned long start
,
355 unsigned long end
, pgprot_t newprot
,
356 unsigned long cp_flags
)
360 BUG_ON((cp_flags
& MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL
) == MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL
);
362 if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma
))
363 pages
= hugetlb_change_protection(vma
, start
, end
, newprot
);
365 pages
= change_protection_range(vma
, start
, end
, newprot
,
371 static int prot_none_pte_entry(pte_t
*pte
, unsigned long addr
,
372 unsigned long next
, struct mm_walk
*walk
)
374 return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(*pte
), *(pgprot_t
*)(walk
->private)) ?
378 static int prot_none_hugetlb_entry(pte_t
*pte
, unsigned long hmask
,
379 unsigned long addr
, unsigned long next
,
380 struct mm_walk
*walk
)
382 return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(*pte
), *(pgprot_t
*)(walk
->private)) ?
386 static int prot_none_test(unsigned long addr
, unsigned long next
,
387 struct mm_walk
*walk
)
392 static const struct mm_walk_ops prot_none_walk_ops
= {
393 .pte_entry
= prot_none_pte_entry
,
394 .hugetlb_entry
= prot_none_hugetlb_entry
,
395 .test_walk
= prot_none_test
,
399 mprotect_fixup(struct vm_area_struct
*vma
, struct vm_area_struct
**pprev
,
400 unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, unsigned long newflags
)
402 struct mm_struct
*mm
= vma
->vm_mm
;
403 unsigned long oldflags
= vma
->vm_flags
;
404 long nrpages
= (end
- start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
405 unsigned long charged
= 0;
408 int dirty_accountable
= 0;
410 if (newflags
== oldflags
) {
416 * Do PROT_NONE PFN permission checks here when we can still
417 * bail out without undoing a lot of state. This is a rather
418 * uncommon case, so doesn't need to be very optimized.
420 if (arch_has_pfn_modify_check() &&
421 (vma
->vm_flags
& (VM_PFNMAP
|VM_MIXEDMAP
)) &&
422 (newflags
& VM_ACCESS_FLAGS
) == 0) {
423 pgprot_t new_pgprot
= vm_get_page_prot(newflags
);
425 error
= walk_page_range(current
->mm
, start
, end
,
426 &prot_none_walk_ops
, &new_pgprot
);
432 * If we make a private mapping writable we increase our commit;
433 * but (without finer accounting) cannot reduce our commit if we
434 * make it unwritable again. hugetlb mapping were accounted for
435 * even if read-only so there is no need to account for them here
437 if (newflags
& VM_WRITE
) {
438 /* Check space limits when area turns into data. */
439 if (!may_expand_vm(mm
, newflags
, nrpages
) &&
440 may_expand_vm(mm
, oldflags
, nrpages
))
442 if (!(oldflags
& (VM_ACCOUNT
|VM_WRITE
|VM_HUGETLB
|
443 VM_SHARED
|VM_NORESERVE
))) {
445 if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm
, charged
))
447 newflags
|= VM_ACCOUNT
;
452 * First try to merge with previous and/or next vma.
454 pgoff
= vma
->vm_pgoff
+ ((start
- vma
->vm_start
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
);
455 *pprev
= vma_merge(mm
, *pprev
, start
, end
, newflags
,
456 vma
->anon_vma
, vma
->vm_file
, pgoff
, vma_policy(vma
),
457 vma
->vm_userfaultfd_ctx
);
460 VM_WARN_ON((vma
->vm_flags
^ newflags
) & ~VM_SOFTDIRTY
);
466 if (start
!= vma
->vm_start
) {
467 error
= split_vma(mm
, vma
, start
, 1);
472 if (end
!= vma
->vm_end
) {
473 error
= split_vma(mm
, vma
, end
, 0);
480 * vm_flags and vm_page_prot are protected by the mmap_sem
481 * held in write mode.
483 vma
->vm_flags
= newflags
;
484 dirty_accountable
= vma_wants_writenotify(vma
, vma
->vm_page_prot
);
485 vma_set_page_prot(vma
);
487 change_protection(vma
, start
, end
, vma
->vm_page_prot
,
488 dirty_accountable
? MM_CP_DIRTY_ACCT
: 0);
491 * Private VM_LOCKED VMA becoming writable: trigger COW to avoid major
494 if ((oldflags
& (VM_WRITE
| VM_SHARED
| VM_LOCKED
)) == VM_LOCKED
&&
495 (newflags
& VM_WRITE
)) {
496 populate_vma_page_range(vma
, start
, end
, NULL
);
499 vm_stat_account(mm
, oldflags
, -nrpages
);
500 vm_stat_account(mm
, newflags
, nrpages
);
501 perf_event_mmap(vma
);
505 vm_unacct_memory(charged
);
510 * pkey==-1 when doing a legacy mprotect()
512 static int do_mprotect_pkey(unsigned long start
, size_t len
,
513 unsigned long prot
, int pkey
)
515 unsigned long nstart
, end
, tmp
, reqprot
;
516 struct vm_area_struct
*vma
, *prev
;
518 const int grows
= prot
& (PROT_GROWSDOWN
|PROT_GROWSUP
);
519 const bool rier
= (current
->personality
& READ_IMPLIES_EXEC
) &&
522 start
= untagged_addr(start
);
524 prot
&= ~(PROT_GROWSDOWN
|PROT_GROWSUP
);
525 if (grows
== (PROT_GROWSDOWN
|PROT_GROWSUP
)) /* can't be both */
528 if (start
& ~PAGE_MASK
)
532 len
= PAGE_ALIGN(len
);
536 if (!arch_validate_prot(prot
, start
))
541 if (down_write_killable(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
))
545 * If userspace did not allocate the pkey, do not let
549 if ((pkey
!= -1) && !mm_pkey_is_allocated(current
->mm
, pkey
))
552 vma
= find_vma(current
->mm
, start
);
557 if (unlikely(grows
& PROT_GROWSDOWN
)) {
558 if (vma
->vm_start
>= end
)
560 start
= vma
->vm_start
;
562 if (!(vma
->vm_flags
& VM_GROWSDOWN
))
565 if (vma
->vm_start
> start
)
567 if (unlikely(grows
& PROT_GROWSUP
)) {
570 if (!(vma
->vm_flags
& VM_GROWSUP
))
574 if (start
> vma
->vm_start
)
577 for (nstart
= start
; ; ) {
578 unsigned long mask_off_old_flags
;
579 unsigned long newflags
;
582 /* Here we know that vma->vm_start <= nstart < vma->vm_end. */
584 /* Does the application expect PROT_READ to imply PROT_EXEC */
585 if (rier
&& (vma
->vm_flags
& VM_MAYEXEC
))
589 * Each mprotect() call explicitly passes r/w/x permissions.
590 * If a permission is not passed to mprotect(), it must be
591 * cleared from the VMA.
593 mask_off_old_flags
= VM_READ
| VM_WRITE
| VM_EXEC
|
596 new_vma_pkey
= arch_override_mprotect_pkey(vma
, prot
, pkey
);
597 newflags
= calc_vm_prot_bits(prot
, new_vma_pkey
);
598 newflags
|= (vma
->vm_flags
& ~mask_off_old_flags
);
600 /* newflags >> 4 shift VM_MAY% in place of VM_% */
601 if ((newflags
& ~(newflags
>> 4)) & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS
) {
606 error
= security_file_mprotect(vma
, reqprot
, prot
);
613 error
= mprotect_fixup(vma
, &prev
, nstart
, tmp
, newflags
);
618 if (nstart
< prev
->vm_end
)
619 nstart
= prev
->vm_end
;
624 if (!vma
|| vma
->vm_start
!= nstart
) {
631 up_write(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
635 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mprotect
, unsigned long, start
, size_t, len
,
638 return do_mprotect_pkey(start
, len
, prot
, -1);
641 #ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
643 SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pkey_mprotect
, unsigned long, start
, size_t, len
,
644 unsigned long, prot
, int, pkey
)
646 return do_mprotect_pkey(start
, len
, prot
, pkey
);
649 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(pkey_alloc
, unsigned long, flags
, unsigned long, init_val
)
654 /* No flags supported yet. */
657 /* check for unsupported init values */
658 if (init_val
& ~PKEY_ACCESS_MASK
)
661 down_write(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
662 pkey
= mm_pkey_alloc(current
->mm
);
668 ret
= arch_set_user_pkey_access(current
, pkey
, init_val
);
670 mm_pkey_free(current
->mm
, pkey
);
675 up_write(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
679 SYSCALL_DEFINE1(pkey_free
, int, pkey
)
683 down_write(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
684 ret
= mm_pkey_free(current
->mm
, pkey
);
685 up_write(¤t
->mm
->mmap_sem
);
688 * We could provie warnings or errors if any VMA still
689 * has the pkey set here.
694 #endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS */