5 Btrfs is a copy on write filesystem for Linux aimed at
6 implementing advanced features while focusing on fault tolerance,
7 repair and easy administration. Initially developed by Oracle, Btrfs
8 is licensed under the GPL and open for contribution from anyone.
10 Linux has a wealth of filesystems to choose from, but we are facing a
11 number of challenges with scaling to the large storage subsystems that
12 are becoming common in today's data centers. Filesystems need to scale
13 in their ability to address and manage large storage, and also in
14 their ability to detect, repair and tolerate errors in the data stored
15 on disk. Btrfs is under heavy development, and is not suitable for
16 any uses other than benchmarking and review. The Btrfs disk format is
19 The main Btrfs features include:
21 * Extent based file storage (2^64 max file size)
22 * Space efficient packing of small files
23 * Space efficient indexed directories
24 * Dynamic inode allocation
26 * Subvolumes (separate internal filesystem roots)
27 * Object level mirroring and striping
28 * Checksums on data and metadata (multiple algorithms available)
30 * Integrated multiple device support, with several raid algorithms
31 * Online filesystem check (not yet implemented)
32 * Very fast offline filesystem check
33 * Efficient incremental backup and FS mirroring (not yet implemented)
34 * Online filesystem defragmentation
40 When mounting a btrfs filesystem, the following option are accepted.
41 Unless otherwise specified, all options default to off.
44 Debugging option to force all block allocations above a certain
45 byte threshold on each block device. The value is specified in
46 bytes, optionally with a K, M, or G suffix, case insensitive.
50 Detect small random writes into files and queue them up for the
51 defrag process. Works best for small files; Not well suited for
52 large database workloads.
56 check_int_print_mask=<value>
57 These debugging options control the behavior of the integrity checking
58 module (the BTRFS_FS_CHECK_INTEGRITY config option required).
60 check_int enables the integrity checker module, which examines all
61 block write requests to ensure on-disk consistency, at a large
64 check_int_data includes extent data in the integrity checks, and
65 implies the check_int option.
67 check_int_print_mask takes a bitmask of BTRFSIC_PRINT_MASK_* values
68 as defined in fs/btrfs/check-integrity.c, to control the integrity
69 checker module behavior.
71 See comments at the top of fs/btrfs/check-integrity.c for more info.
77 Control BTRFS file data compression. Type may be specified as "zlib"
78 "lzo" or "no" (for no compression, used for remounting). If no type
79 is specified, zlib is used. If compress-force is specified,
80 all files will be compressed, whether or not they compress well.
81 If compression is enabled, nodatacow and nodatasum are disabled.
84 Allow mounts to continue with missing devices. A read-write mount may
85 fail with too many devices missing, for example if a stripe member
86 is completely missing.
89 Specify a device during mount so that ioctls on the control device
90 can be avoided. Especialy useful when trying to mount a multi-device
91 setup as root. May be specified multiple times for multiple devices.
94 Issue frequent commands to let the block device reclaim space freed by
95 the filesystem. This is useful for SSD devices, thinly provisioned
96 LUNs and virtual machine images, but may have a significant
97 performance impact. (The fstrim command is also available to
98 initiate batch trims from userspace).
101 Debugging option to be more verbose in some ENOSPC conditions.
103 fatal_errors=<action>
104 Action to take when encountering a fatal error:
105 "bug" - BUG() on a fatal error. This is the default.
106 "panic" - panic() on a fatal error.
109 The 'flushoncommit' mount option forces any data dirtied by a write in a
110 prior transaction to commit as part of the current commit. This makes
111 the committed state a fully consistent view of the file system from the
112 application's perspective (i.e., it includes all completed file system
113 operations). This was previously the behavior only when a snapshot is
117 Enable free inode number caching. Defaults to off due to an overflow
118 problem when the free space crcs don't fit inside a single page.
121 Specify the maximum amount of space, in bytes, that can be inlined in
122 a metadata B-tree leaf. The value is specified in bytes, optionally
123 with a K, M, or G suffix, case insensitive. In practice, this value
124 is limited by the root sector size, with some space unavailable due
125 to leaf headers. For a 4k sectorsize, max inline data is ~3900 bytes.
127 metadata_ratio=<value>
128 Specify that 1 metadata chunk should be allocated after every <value>
129 data chunks. Off by default.
132 Disable support for Posix Access Control Lists (ACLs). See the
133 acl(5) manual page for more information about ACLs.
136 Disables the use of block layer write barriers. Write barriers ensure
137 that certain IOs make it through the device cache and are on persistent
138 storage. If used on a device with a volatile (non-battery-backed)
139 write-back cache, this option will lead to filesystem corruption on a
140 system crash or power loss.
143 Disable data copy-on-write for newly created files. Implies nodatasum,
144 and disables all compression.
147 Disable data checksumming for newly created files.
150 Disable the tree logging used for fsync and O_SYNC writes.
153 Enable autorecovery attempts if a bad tree root is found at mount time.
154 Currently this scans a list of several previous tree roots and tries to
155 use the first readable.
158 Skip automatic resume of interrupted balance operation after mount.
159 May be resumed with "btrfs balance resume."
162 Enable the on-disk freespace cache.
164 Disable freespace cache loading without clearing the cache.
166 Force clearing and rebuilding of the disk space cache if something
172 Options to control ssd allocation schemes. By default, BTRFS will
173 enable or disable ssd allocation heuristics depending on whether a
174 rotational or nonrotational disk is in use. The ssd and nossd options
175 can override this autodetection.
177 The ssd_spread mount option attempts to allocate into big chunks
178 of unused space, and may perform better on low-end ssds. ssd_spread
179 implies ssd, enabling all other ssd heuristics as well.
182 Mount subvolume at <path> rather than the root subvolume. <path> is
183 relative to the top level subvolume.
186 Mount subvolume specified by an ID number rather than the root subvolume.
187 This allows mounting of subvolumes which are not in the root of the mounted
189 You can use "btrfs subvolume list" to see subvolume ID numbers.
191 subvolrootid=<objectid> (deprecated)
192 Mount subvolume specified by <objectid> rather than the root subvolume.
193 This allows mounting of subvolumes which are not in the root of the mounted
195 You can use "btrfs subvolume show " to see the object ID for a subvolume.
198 The number of worker threads to allocate. The default number is equal
199 to the number of CPUs + 2, or 8, whichever is smaller.
201 user_subvol_rm_allowed
202 Allow subvolumes to be deleted by a non-root user. Use with caution.
207 There is a Btrfs mailing list hosted on vger.kernel.org. You can
208 find details on how to subscribe here:
210 http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-btrfs
212 Mailing list archives are available from gmane:
214 http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.file-systems.btrfs
221 Discussion of Btrfs also occurs on the #btrfs channel of the Freenode
229 Userspace tools for creating and manipulating Btrfs file systems are
230 available from the git repository at the following location:
232 http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/mason/btrfs-progs.git
233 git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mason/btrfs-progs.git
235 These include the following tools:
237 mkfs.btrfs: create a filesystem
239 btrfsctl: control program to create snapshots and subvolumes:
242 btrfsctl -s new_subvol_name /mnt
243 btrfsctl -s snapshot_of_default /mnt/default
244 btrfsctl -s snapshot_of_new_subvol /mnt/new_subvol_name
245 btrfsctl -s snapshot_of_a_snapshot /mnt/snapshot_of_new_subvol
247 default snapshot_of_a_snapshot snapshot_of_new_subvol
248 new_subvol_name snapshot_of_default
250 Snapshots and subvolumes cannot be deleted right now, but you can
251 rm -rf all the files and directories inside them.
253 btrfsck: do a limited check of the FS extent trees.
255 btrfs-debug-tree: print all of the FS metadata in text form. Example:
257 btrfs-debug-tree /dev/sda2 >& big_output_file