1 =========================================
2 Kernel CAPI Interface to Hardware Drivers
3 =========================================
8 From the CAPI 2.0 specification:
9 COMMON-ISDN-API (CAPI) is an application programming interface standard used
10 to access ISDN equipment connected to basic rate interfaces (BRI) and primary
11 rate interfaces (PRI).
13 Kernel CAPI operates as a dispatching layer between CAPI applications and CAPI
14 hardware drivers. Hardware drivers register ISDN devices (controllers, in CAPI
15 lingo) with Kernel CAPI to indicate their readiness to provide their service
16 to CAPI applications. CAPI applications also register with Kernel CAPI,
17 requesting association with a CAPI device. Kernel CAPI then dispatches the
18 application registration to an available device, forwarding it to the
19 corresponding hardware driver. Kernel CAPI then forwards CAPI messages in both
20 directions between the application and the hardware driver.
22 Format and semantics of CAPI messages are specified in the CAPI 2.0 standard.
23 This standard is freely available from https://www.capi.org.
26 2. Driver and Device Registration
27 =================================
29 CAPI drivers optionally register themselves with Kernel CAPI by calling the
30 Kernel CAPI function register_capi_driver() with a pointer to a struct
31 capi_driver. This structure must be filled with the name and revision of the
32 driver, and optionally a pointer to a callback function, add_card(). The
33 registration can be revoked by calling the function unregister_capi_driver()
34 with a pointer to the same struct capi_driver.
36 CAPI drivers must register each of the ISDN devices they control with Kernel
37 CAPI by calling the Kernel CAPI function attach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to a
38 struct capi_ctr before they can be used. This structure must be filled with
39 the names of the driver and controller, and a number of callback function
40 pointers which are subsequently used by Kernel CAPI for communicating with the
41 driver. The registration can be revoked by calling the function
42 detach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to the same struct capi_ctr.
44 Before the device can be actually used, the driver must fill in the device
45 information fields 'manu', 'version', 'profile' and 'serial' in the capi_ctr
46 structure of the device, and signal its readiness by calling capi_ctr_ready().
47 From then on, Kernel CAPI may call the registered callback functions for the
50 If the device becomes unusable for any reason (shutdown, disconnect ...), the
51 driver has to call capi_ctr_down(). This will prevent further calls to the
52 callback functions by Kernel CAPI.
55 3. Application Registration and Communication
56 =============================================
58 Kernel CAPI forwards registration requests from applications (calls to CAPI
59 operation CAPI_REGISTER) to an appropriate hardware driver by calling its
60 register_appl() callback function. A unique Application ID (ApplID, u16) is
61 allocated by Kernel CAPI and passed to register_appl() along with the
62 parameter structure provided by the application. This is analogous to the
63 open() operation on regular files or character devices.
65 After a successful return from register_appl(), CAPI messages from the
66 application may be passed to the driver for the device via calls to the
67 send_message() callback function. Conversely, the driver may call Kernel
68 CAPI's capi_ctr_handle_message() function to pass a received CAPI message to
69 Kernel CAPI for forwarding to an application, specifying its ApplID.
71 Deregistration requests (CAPI operation CAPI_RELEASE) from applications are
72 forwarded as calls to the release_appl() callback function, passing the same
73 ApplID as with register_appl(). After return from release_appl(), no CAPI
74 messages for that application may be passed to or from the device anymore.
80 4.1 struct capi_driver
81 ----------------------
83 This structure describes a Kernel CAPI driver itself. It is used in the
84 register_capi_driver() and unregister_capi_driver() functions, and contains
85 the following non-private fields, all to be set by the driver before calling
86 register_capi_driver():
89 the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
91 the revision number of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
92 ``int (*add_card)(struct capi_driver *driver, capicardparams *data)``
93 a callback function pointer (may be NULL)
99 This structure describes an ISDN device (controller) handled by a Kernel CAPI
100 driver. After registration via the attach_capi_ctr() function it is passed to
101 all controller specific lower layer interface and callback functions to
102 identify the controller to operate on.
104 It contains the following non-private fields:
106 to be set by the driver before calling attach_capi_ctr():
107 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
109 ``struct module *owner``
110 pointer to the driver module owning the device
113 an opaque pointer to driver specific data, not touched by Kernel CAPI
116 the name of the controller, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
118 ``char *driver_name``
119 the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
121 ``int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata)``
122 (optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and
123 configuration data to the device
125 The function may return before the operation has completed.
127 Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_ready().
129 Return value: 0 on success, error code on error
130 Called in process context.
132 ``void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)``
133 (optional) pointer to a callback function for stopping the device,
134 releasing all registered applications
136 The function may return before the operation has completed.
138 Completion must be signalled by a call to capi_ctr_down().
140 Called in process context.
142 ``void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid, capi_register_params *rparam)``
143 pointers to callback function for registration of
144 applications with the device
146 Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
147 one call to any of them is active at any time.
149 ``void (*release_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid)``
150 pointers to callback functions deregistration of
151 applications with the device
153 Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
154 one call to any of them is active at any time.
156 ``u16 (*send_message)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, struct sk_buff *skb)``
157 pointer to a callback function for sending a CAPI message to the
160 Return value: CAPI error code
162 If the method returns 0 (CAPI_NOERROR) the driver has taken ownership
163 of the skb and the caller may no longer access it. If it returns a
164 non-zero (error) value then ownership of the skb returns to the caller
165 who may reuse or free it.
167 The return value should only be used to signal problems with respect
168 to accepting or queueing the message. Errors occurring during the
169 actual processing of the message should be signaled with an
170 appropriate reply message.
172 May be called in process or interrupt context.
174 Calls to this function are not serialized by Kernel CAPI, ie. it must
175 be prepared to be re-entered.
177 ``char *(*procinfo)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)``
178 pointer to a callback function returning the entry for the device in
179 the CAPI controller info table, /proc/capi/controller
181 ``const struct file_operations *proc_fops``
182 pointers to callback functions for the device's proc file
183 system entry, /proc/capi/controllers/<n>; pointer to the device's
184 capi_ctr structure is available from struct proc_dir_entry::data
185 which is available from struct inode.
188 Callback functions except send_message() are never called in interrupt
191 to be filled in before calling capi_ctr_ready():
192 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
194 ``u8 manu[CAPI_MANUFACTURER_LEN]``
195 value to return for CAPI_GET_MANUFACTURER
197 ``capi_version version``
198 value to return for CAPI_GET_VERSION
200 ``capi_profile profile``
201 value to return for CAPI_GET_PROFILE
203 ``u8 serial[CAPI_SERIAL_LEN]``
204 value to return for CAPI_GET_SERIAL
210 CAPI messages are passed between Kernel CAPI and the driver via send_message()
211 and capi_ctr_handle_message(), stored in the data portion of a socket buffer
212 (skb). Each skb contains a single CAPI message coded according to the CAPI 2.0
215 For the data transfer messages, DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND, the actual
216 payload data immediately follows the CAPI message itself within the same skb.
217 The Data and Data64 parameters are not used for processing. The Data64
218 parameter may be omitted by setting the length field of the CAPI message to 22
222 4.4 The _cmsg Structure
223 -----------------------
225 (declared in <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>)
227 The _cmsg structure stores the contents of a CAPI 2.0 message in an easily
228 accessible form. It contains members for all possible CAPI 2.0 parameters,
229 including subparameters of the Additional Info and B Protocol structured
230 parameters, with the following exceptions:
232 * second Calling party number (CONNECT_IND)
234 * Data64 (DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND)
236 * Sending complete (subparameter of Additional Info, CONNECT_REQ and INFO_REQ)
238 * Global Configuration (subparameter of B Protocol, CONNECT_REQ, CONNECT_RESP
239 and SELECT_B_PROTOCOL_REQ)
241 Only those parameters appearing in the message type currently being processed
242 are actually used. Unused members should be set to zero.
244 Members are named after the CAPI 2.0 standard names of the parameters they
245 represent. See <linux/isdn/capiutil.h> for the exact spelling. Member data
248 =========== =================================================================
249 u8 for CAPI parameters of type 'byte'
251 u16 for CAPI parameters of type 'word'
253 u32 for CAPI parameters of type 'dword'
255 _cstruct for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
256 The member is a pointer to a buffer containing the parameter in
257 CAPI encoding (length + content). It may also be NULL, which will
258 be taken to represent an empty (zero length) parameter.
259 Subparameters are stored in encoded form within the content part.
261 _cmstruct alternative representation for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
262 (used only for the 'Additional Info' and 'B Protocol' parameters)
263 The representation is a single byte containing one of the values:
264 CAPI_DEFAULT: The parameter is empty/absent.
265 CAPI_COMPOSE: The parameter is present.
266 Subparameter values are stored individually in the corresponding
267 _cmsg structure members.
268 =========== =================================================================
270 Functions capi_cmsg2message() and capi_message2cmsg() are provided to convert
271 messages between their transport encoding described in the CAPI 2.0 standard
272 and their _cmsg structure representation. Note that capi_cmsg2message() does
273 not know or check the size of its destination buffer. The caller must make
274 sure it is big enough to accommodate the resulting CAPI message.
277 5. Lower Layer Interface Functions
278 ==================================
280 (declared in <linux/isdn/capilli.h>)
284 void register_capi_driver(struct capi_driver *drvr)
285 void unregister_capi_driver(struct capi_driver *drvr)
287 register/unregister a driver with Kernel CAPI
291 int attach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
292 int detach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
294 register/unregister a device (controller) with Kernel CAPI
298 void capi_ctr_ready(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
299 void capi_ctr_down(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
301 signal controller ready/not ready
305 void capi_ctr_suspend_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
306 void capi_ctr_resume_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
308 signal suspend/resume
312 void capi_ctr_handle_message(struct capi_ctr * ctrlr, u16 applid,
315 pass a received CAPI message to Kernel CAPI
316 for forwarding to the specified application
319 6. Helper Functions and Macros
320 ==============================
322 Library functions (from <linux/isdn/capilli.h>):
326 void capilib_new_ncci(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
327 u32 ncci, u32 winsize)
328 void capilib_free_ncci(struct list_head *head, u16 applid, u32 ncci)
329 void capilib_release_appl(struct list_head *head, u16 applid)
330 void capilib_release(struct list_head *head)
331 void capilib_data_b3_conf(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
333 u16 capilib_data_b3_req(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
337 Macros to extract/set element values from/in a CAPI message header
338 (from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
340 ====================== ============================= ====================
341 Get Macro Set Macro Element (Type)
342 ====================== ============================= ====================
343 CAPIMSG_LEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETLEN(m, len) Total Length (u16)
344 CAPIMSG_APPID(m) CAPIMSG_SETAPPID(m, applid) ApplID (u16)
345 CAPIMSG_COMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETCOMMAND(m,cmd) Command (u8)
346 CAPIMSG_SUBCOMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETSUBCOMMAND(m, cmd) Subcommand (u8)
347 CAPIMSG_CMD(m) - Command*256
349 CAPIMSG_MSGID(m) CAPIMSG_SETMSGID(m, msgid) Message Number (u16)
351 CAPIMSG_CONTROL(m) CAPIMSG_SETCONTROL(m, contr) Controller/PLCI/NCCI
353 CAPIMSG_DATALEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETDATALEN(m, len) Data Length (u16)
354 ====================== ============================= ====================
357 Library functions for working with _cmsg structures
358 (from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
360 ``unsigned capi_cmsg2message(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)``
361 Assembles a CAPI 2.0 message from the parameters in ``*cmsg``,
362 storing the result in ``*msg``.
364 ``unsigned capi_message2cmsg(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)``
365 Disassembles the CAPI 2.0 message in ``*msg``, storing the parameters
368 ``unsigned capi_cmsg_header(_cmsg *cmsg, u16 ApplId, u8 Command, u8 Subcommand, u16 Messagenumber, u32 Controller)``
369 Fills the header part and address field of the _cmsg structure ``*cmsg``
370 with the given values, zeroing the remainder of the structure so only
371 parameters with non-default values need to be changed before sending
374 ``void capi_cmsg_answer(_cmsg *cmsg)``
375 Sets the low bit of the Subcommand field in ``*cmsg``, thereby
376 converting ``_REQ`` to ``_CONF`` and ``_IND`` to ``_RESP``.
378 ``char *capi_cmd2str(u8 Command, u8 Subcommand)``
379 Returns the CAPI 2.0 message name corresponding to the given command
380 and subcommand values, as a static ASCII string. The return value may
381 be NULL if the command/subcommand is not one of those defined in the
388 The module kernelcapi has a module parameter showcapimsgs controlling some
389 debugging output produced by the module. It can only be set when the module is
390 loaded, via a parameter "showcapimsgs=<n>" to the modprobe command, either on
391 the command line or in the configuration file.
393 If the lowest bit of showcapimsgs is set, kernelcapi logs controller and
394 application up and down events.
396 In addition, every registered CAPI controller has an associated traceflag
397 parameter controlling how CAPI messages sent from and to tha controller are
398 logged. The traceflag parameter is initialized with the value of the
399 showcapimsgs parameter when the controller is registered, but can later be
400 changed via the MANUFACTURER_REQ command KCAPI_CMD_TRACE.
402 If the value of traceflag is non-zero, CAPI messages are logged.
403 DATA_B3 messages are only logged if the value of traceflag is > 2.
405 If the lowest bit of traceflag is set, only the command/subcommand and message
406 length are logged. Otherwise, kernelcapi logs a readable representation of