1 Generic Thermal Sysfs driver How To
2 ===================================
4 Written by Sujith Thomas <sujith.thomas@intel.com>, Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com>
6 Updated: 2 January 2008
8 Copyright (c) 2008 Intel Corporation
13 The generic thermal sysfs provides a set of interfaces for thermal zone
14 devices (sensors) and thermal cooling devices (fan, processor...) to register
15 with the thermal management solution and to be a part of it.
17 This how-to focuses on enabling new thermal zone and cooling devices to
18 participate in thermal management.
19 This solution is platform independent and any type of thermal zone devices
20 and cooling devices should be able to make use of the infrastructure.
22 The main task of the thermal sysfs driver is to expose thermal zone attributes
23 as well as cooling device attributes to the user space.
24 An intelligent thermal management application can make decisions based on
25 inputs from thermal zone attributes (the current temperature and trip point
26 temperature) and throttle appropriate devices.
28 [0-*] denotes any positive number starting from 0
29 [1-*] denotes any positive number starting from 1
31 1. thermal sysfs driver interface functions
33 1.1 thermal zone device interface
34 1.1.1 struct thermal_zone_device *thermal_zone_device_register(char *type,
35 int trips, int mask, void *devdata,
36 struct thermal_zone_device_ops *ops,
37 const struct thermal_zone_params *tzp,
38 int passive_delay, int polling_delay))
40 This interface function adds a new thermal zone device (sensor) to
41 /sys/class/thermal folder as thermal_zone[0-*]. It tries to bind all the
42 thermal cooling devices registered at the same time.
44 type: the thermal zone type.
45 trips: the total number of trip points this thermal zone supports.
46 mask: Bit string: If 'n'th bit is set, then trip point 'n' is writeable.
47 devdata: device private data
48 ops: thermal zone device call-backs.
49 .bind: bind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
50 .unbind: unbind the thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device.
51 .get_temp: get the current temperature of the thermal zone.
52 .get_mode: get the current mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
53 - "enabled" means the kernel thermal management is enabled.
54 - "disabled" will prevent kernel thermal driver action upon trip points
55 so that user applications can take charge of thermal management.
56 .set_mode: set the mode (enabled/disabled) of the thermal zone.
57 .get_trip_type: get the type of certain trip point.
58 .get_trip_temp: get the temperature above which the certain trip point
60 .set_emul_temp: set the emulation temperature which helps in debugging
61 different threshold temperature points.
62 tzp: thermal zone platform parameters.
63 passive_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when
64 performing passive cooling.
65 polling_delay: number of milliseconds to wait between polls when checking
66 whether trip points have been crossed (0 for interrupt driven systems).
69 1.1.2 void thermal_zone_device_unregister(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
71 This interface function removes the thermal zone device.
72 It deletes the corresponding entry form /sys/class/thermal folder and
73 unbind all the thermal cooling devices it uses.
75 1.1.3 struct thermal_zone_device *thermal_zone_of_sensor_register(
76 struct device *dev, int sensor_id, void *data,
77 const struct thermal_zone_of_device_ops *ops)
79 This interface adds a new sensor to a DT thermal zone.
80 This function will search the list of thermal zones described in
81 device tree and look for the zone that refer to the sensor device
82 pointed by dev->of_node as temperature providers. For the zone
83 pointing to the sensor node, the sensor will be added to the DT
86 The parameters for this interface are:
87 dev: Device node of sensor containing valid node pointer in
89 sensor_id: a sensor identifier, in case the sensor IP has more
91 data: a private pointer (owned by the caller) that will be
92 passed back, when a temperature reading is needed.
93 ops: struct thermal_zone_of_device_ops *.
95 get_temp: a pointer to a function that reads the
96 sensor temperature. This is mandatory
97 callback provided by sensor driver.
98 get_trend: a pointer to a function that reads the
99 sensor temperature trend.
100 set_emul_temp: a pointer to a function that sets
101 sensor emulated temperature.
102 The thermal zone temperature is provided by the get_temp() function
103 pointer of thermal_zone_of_device_ops. When called, it will
104 have the private pointer @data back.
106 It returns error pointer if fails otherwise valid thermal zone device
107 handle. Caller should check the return handle with IS_ERR() for finding
108 whether success or not.
110 1.1.4 void thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister(struct device *dev,
111 struct thermal_zone_device *tzd)
113 This interface unregisters a sensor from a DT thermal zone which was
114 successfully added by interface thermal_zone_of_sensor_register().
115 This function removes the sensor callbacks and private data from the
116 thermal zone device registered with thermal_zone_of_sensor_register()
117 interface. It will also silent the zone by remove the .get_temp() and
118 get_trend() thermal zone device callbacks.
120 1.1.5 struct thermal_zone_device *devm_thermal_zone_of_sensor_register(
121 struct device *dev, int sensor_id,
122 void *data, const struct thermal_zone_of_device_ops *ops)
124 This interface is resource managed version of
125 thermal_zone_of_sensor_register().
126 All details of thermal_zone_of_sensor_register() described in
127 section 1.1.3 is applicable here.
128 The benefit of using this interface to register sensor is that it
129 is not require to explicitly call thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister()
130 in error path or during driver unbinding as this is done by driver
133 1.1.6 void devm_thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister(struct device *dev,
134 struct thermal_zone_device *tzd)
136 This interface is resource managed version of
137 thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister().
138 All details of thermal_zone_of_sensor_unregister() described in
139 section 1.1.4 is applicable here.
140 Normally this function will not need to be called and the resource
141 management code will ensure that the resource is freed.
143 1.2 thermal cooling device interface
144 1.2.1 struct thermal_cooling_device *thermal_cooling_device_register(char *name,
145 void *devdata, struct thermal_cooling_device_ops *)
147 This interface function adds a new thermal cooling device (fan/processor/...)
148 to /sys/class/thermal/ folder as cooling_device[0-*]. It tries to bind itself
149 to all the thermal zone devices register at the same time.
150 name: the cooling device name.
151 devdata: device private data.
152 ops: thermal cooling devices call-backs.
153 .get_max_state: get the Maximum throttle state of the cooling device.
154 .get_cur_state: get the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
155 .set_cur_state: set the Current throttle state of the cooling device.
157 1.2.2 void thermal_cooling_device_unregister(struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev)
159 This interface function remove the thermal cooling device.
160 It deletes the corresponding entry form /sys/class/thermal folder and
161 unbind itself from all the thermal zone devices using it.
163 1.3 interface for binding a thermal zone device with a thermal cooling device
164 1.3.1 int thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
165 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev,
166 unsigned long upper, unsigned long lower, unsigned int weight);
168 This interface function bind a thermal cooling device to the certain trip
169 point of a thermal zone device.
170 This function is usually called in the thermal zone device .bind callback.
171 tz: the thermal zone device
172 cdev: thermal cooling device
173 trip: indicates which trip point the cooling devices is associated with
174 in this thermal zone.
175 upper:the Maximum cooling state for this trip point.
176 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no upper limit,
177 and the cooling device can be in max_state.
178 lower:the Minimum cooling state can be used for this trip point.
179 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT means no lower limit,
180 and the cooling device can be in cooling state 0.
181 weight: the influence of this cooling device in this thermal
182 zone. See 1.4.1 below for more information.
184 1.3.2 int thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device(struct thermal_zone_device *tz,
185 int trip, struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev);
187 This interface function unbind a thermal cooling device from the certain
188 trip point of a thermal zone device. This function is usually called in
189 the thermal zone device .unbind callback.
190 tz: the thermal zone device
191 cdev: thermal cooling device
192 trip: indicates which trip point the cooling devices is associated with
193 in this thermal zone.
195 1.4 Thermal Zone Parameters
196 1.4.1 struct thermal_bind_params
197 This structure defines the following parameters that are used to bind
198 a zone with a cooling device for a particular trip point.
199 .cdev: The cooling device pointer
200 .weight: The 'influence' of a particular cooling device on this
201 zone. This is relative to the rest of the cooling
202 devices. For example, if all cooling devices have a
203 weight of 1, then they all contribute the same. You can
204 use percentages if you want, but it's not mandatory. A
205 weight of 0 means that this cooling device doesn't
206 contribute to the cooling of this zone unless all cooling
207 devices have a weight of 0. If all weights are 0, then
208 they all contribute the same.
209 .trip_mask:This is a bit mask that gives the binding relation between
210 this thermal zone and cdev, for a particular trip point.
211 If nth bit is set, then the cdev and thermal zone are bound
213 .limits: This is an array of cooling state limits. Must have exactly
214 2 * thermal_zone.number_of_trip_points. It is an array consisting
215 of tuples <lower-state upper-state> of state limits. Each trip
216 will be associated with one state limit tuple when binding.
217 A NULL pointer means <THERMAL_NO_LIMITS THERMAL_NO_LIMITS>
218 on all trips. These limits are used when binding a cdev to a
220 .match: This call back returns success(0) if the 'tz and cdev' need to
221 be bound, as per platform data.
222 1.4.2 struct thermal_zone_params
223 This structure defines the platform level parameters for a thermal zone.
224 This data, for each thermal zone should come from the platform layer.
225 This is an optional feature where some platforms can choose not to
227 .governor_name: Name of the thermal governor used for this zone
228 .no_hwmon: a boolean to indicate if the thermal to hwmon sysfs interface
229 is required. when no_hwmon == false, a hwmon sysfs interface
230 will be created. when no_hwmon == true, nothing will be done.
231 In case the thermal_zone_params is NULL, the hwmon interface
232 will be created (for backward compatibility).
233 .num_tbps: Number of thermal_bind_params entries for this zone
234 .tbp: thermal_bind_params entries
236 2. sysfs attributes structure
241 Thermal sysfs attributes will be represented under /sys/class/thermal.
242 Hwmon sysfs I/F extension is also available under /sys/class/hwmon
243 if hwmon is compiled in or built as a module.
245 Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
246 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
247 |---type: Type of the thermal zone
248 |---temp: Current temperature
249 |---mode: Working mode of the thermal zone
250 |---policy: Thermal governor used for this zone
251 |---available_policies: Available thermal governors for this zone
252 |---trip_point_[0-*]_temp: Trip point temperature
253 |---trip_point_[0-*]_type: Trip point type
254 |---trip_point_[0-*]_hyst: Hysteresis value for this trip point
255 |---emul_temp: Emulated temperature set node
256 |---sustainable_power: Sustainable dissipatable power
257 |---k_po: Proportional term during temperature overshoot
258 |---k_pu: Proportional term during temperature undershoot
259 |---k_i: PID's integral term in the power allocator gov
260 |---k_d: PID's derivative term in the power allocator
261 |---integral_cutoff: Offset above which errors are accumulated
262 |---slope: Slope constant applied as linear extrapolation
263 |---offset: Offset constant applied as linear extrapolation
265 Thermal cooling device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
266 /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device[0-*]:
267 |---type: Type of the cooling device(processor/fan/...)
268 |---max_state: Maximum cooling state of the cooling device
269 |---cur_state: Current cooling state of the cooling device
272 Then next two dynamic attributes are created/removed in pairs. They represent
273 the relationship between a thermal zone and its associated cooling device.
274 They are created/removed for each successful execution of
275 thermal_zone_bind_cooling_device/thermal_zone_unbind_cooling_device.
277 /sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone[0-*]:
278 |---cdev[0-*]: [0-*]th cooling device in current thermal zone
279 |---cdev[0-*]_trip_point: Trip point that cdev[0-*] is associated with
280 |---cdev[0-*]_weight: Influence of the cooling device in
283 Besides the thermal zone device sysfs I/F and cooling device sysfs I/F,
284 the generic thermal driver also creates a hwmon sysfs I/F for each _type_
285 of thermal zone device. E.g. the generic thermal driver registers one hwmon
286 class device and build the associated hwmon sysfs I/F for all the registered
289 /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon[0-*]:
290 |---name: The type of the thermal zone devices
291 |---temp[1-*]_input: The current temperature of thermal zone [1-*]
292 |---temp[1-*]_critical: The critical trip point of thermal zone [1-*]
294 Please read Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface for additional information.
296 ***************************
297 * Thermal zone attributes *
298 ***************************
301 Strings which represent the thermal zone type.
302 This is given by thermal zone driver as part of registration.
303 E.g: "acpitz" indicates it's an ACPI thermal device.
304 In order to keep it consistent with hwmon sys attribute; this should
305 be a short, lowercase string, not containing spaces nor dashes.
309 Current temperature as reported by thermal zone (sensor).
310 Unit: millidegree Celsius
314 One of the predefined values in [enabled, disabled].
315 This file gives information about the algorithm that is currently
316 managing the thermal zone. It can be either default kernel based
317 algorithm or user space application.
318 enabled = enable Kernel Thermal management.
319 disabled = Preventing kernel thermal zone driver actions upon
320 trip points so that user application can take full
321 charge of the thermal management.
325 One of the various thermal governors used for a particular zone.
329 Available thermal governors which can be used for a particular zone.
332 trip_point_[0-*]_temp
333 The temperature above which trip point will be fired.
334 Unit: millidegree Celsius
337 trip_point_[0-*]_type
338 Strings which indicate the type of the trip point.
339 E.g. it can be one of critical, hot, passive, active[0-*] for ACPI
343 trip_point_[0-*]_hyst
344 The hysteresis value for a trip point, represented as an integer
349 Sysfs link to the thermal cooling device node where the sys I/F
350 for cooling device throttling control represents.
354 The trip point with which cdev[0-*] is associated in this thermal
355 zone; -1 means the cooling device is not associated with any trip
360 The influence of cdev[0-*] in this thermal zone. This value
361 is relative to the rest of cooling devices in the thermal
362 zone. For example, if a cooling device has a weight double
363 than that of other, it's twice as effective in cooling the
368 Attribute is only present for zones in which the passive cooling
369 policy is not supported by native thermal driver. Default is zero
370 and can be set to a temperature (in millidegrees) to enable a
371 passive trip point for the zone. Activation is done by polling with
372 an interval of 1 second.
373 Unit: millidegrees Celsius
374 Valid values: 0 (disabled) or greater than 1000
378 Interface to set the emulated temperature method in thermal zone
379 (sensor). After setting this temperature, the thermal zone may pass
380 this temperature to platform emulation function if registered or
381 cache it locally. This is useful in debugging different temperature
382 threshold and its associated cooling action. This is write only node
383 and writing 0 on this node should disable emulation.
384 Unit: millidegree Celsius
387 WARNING: Be careful while enabling this option on production systems,
388 because userland can easily disable the thermal policy by simply
389 flooding this sysfs node with low temperature values.
392 An estimate of the sustained power that can be dissipated by
393 the thermal zone. Used by the power allocator governor. For
394 more information see Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
399 The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
400 controller during temperature overshoot. Temperature overshoot
401 is when the current temperature is above the "desired
402 temperature" trip point. For more information see
403 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
407 The proportional term of the power allocator governor's PID
408 controller during temperature undershoot. Temperature undershoot
409 is when the current temperature is below the "desired
410 temperature" trip point. For more information see
411 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
415 The integral term of the power allocator governor's PID
416 controller. This term allows the PID controller to compensate
417 for long term drift. For more information see
418 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
422 The derivative term of the power allocator governor's PID
423 controller. For more information see
424 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
428 Temperature offset from the desired temperature trip point
429 above which the integral term of the power allocator
430 governor's PID controller starts accumulating errors. For
431 example, if integral_cutoff is 0, then the integral term only
432 accumulates error when temperature is above the desired
433 temperature trip point. For more information see
434 Documentation/thermal/power_allocator.txt
435 Unit: millidegree Celsius
439 The slope constant used in a linear extrapolation model
440 to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
441 raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
442 the usage of these values.
446 The offset constant used in a linear extrapolation model
447 to determine a hotspot temperature based off the sensor's
448 raw readings. It is up to the device driver to determine
449 the usage of these values.
452 *****************************
453 * Cooling device attributes *
454 *****************************
457 String which represents the type of device, e.g:
458 - for generic ACPI: should be "Fan", "Processor" or "LCD"
459 - for memory controller device on intel_menlow platform:
460 should be "Memory controller".
464 The maximum permissible cooling state of this cooling device.
468 The current cooling state of this cooling device.
469 The value can any integer numbers between 0 and max_state:
470 - cur_state == 0 means no cooling
471 - cur_state == max_state means the maximum cooling.
474 3. A simple implementation
476 ACPI thermal zone may support multiple trip points like critical, hot,
477 passive, active. If an ACPI thermal zone supports critical, passive,
478 active[0] and active[1] at the same time, it may register itself as a
479 thermal_zone_device (thermal_zone1) with 4 trip points in all.
480 It has one processor and one fan, which are both registered as
481 thermal_cooling_device. Both are considered to have the same
482 effectiveness in cooling the thermal zone.
484 If the processor is listed in _PSL method, and the fan is listed in _AL0
485 method, the sys I/F structure will be built like this:
493 |---policy: step_wise
494 |---available_policies: step_wise fair_share
495 |---trip_point_0_temp: 100000
496 |---trip_point_0_type: critical
497 |---trip_point_1_temp: 80000
498 |---trip_point_1_type: passive
499 |---trip_point_2_temp: 70000
500 |---trip_point_2_type: active0
501 |---trip_point_3_temp: 60000
502 |---trip_point_3_type: active1
503 |---cdev0: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device0
504 |---cdev0_trip_point: 1 /* cdev0 can be used for passive */
505 |---cdev0_weight: 1024
506 |---cdev1: --->/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device3
507 |---cdev1_trip_point: 2 /* cdev1 can be used for active[0]*/
508 |---cdev1_weight: 1024
524 |---temp1_input: 37000
525 |---temp1_crit: 100000
527 4. Event Notification
529 The framework includes a simple notification mechanism, in the form of a
530 netlink event. Netlink socket initialization is done during the _init_
531 of the framework. Drivers which intend to use the notification mechanism
532 just need to call thermal_generate_netlink_event() with two arguments viz
533 (originator, event). The originator is a pointer to struct thermal_zone_device
534 from where the event has been originated. An integer which represents the
535 thermal zone device will be used in the message to identify the zone. The
536 event will be one of:{THERMAL_AUX0, THERMAL_AUX1, THERMAL_CRITICAL,
537 THERMAL_DEV_FAULT}. Notification can be sent when the current temperature
538 crosses any of the configured thresholds.
540 5. Export Symbol APIs:
543 This function returns the trend of a thermal zone, i.e the rate of change
544 of temperature of the thermal zone. Ideally, the thermal sensor drivers
545 are supposed to implement the callback. If they don't, the thermal
546 framework calculated the trend by comparing the previous and the current
549 5.2:get_thermal_instance:
550 This function returns the thermal_instance corresponding to a given
551 {thermal_zone, cooling_device, trip_point} combination. Returns NULL
552 if such an instance does not exist.
554 5.3:thermal_notify_framework:
555 This function handles the trip events from sensor drivers. It starts
556 throttling the cooling devices according to the policy configured.
557 For CRITICAL and HOT trip points, this notifies the respective drivers,
558 and does actual throttling for other trip points i.e ACTIVE and PASSIVE.
559 The throttling policy is based on the configured platform data; if no
560 platform data is provided, this uses the step_wise throttling policy.
562 5.4:thermal_cdev_update:
563 This function serves as an arbitrator to set the state of a cooling
564 device. It sets the cooling device to the deepest cooling state if