1 GPIO Sysfs Interface for Userspace
2 ==================================
4 THIS ABI IS DEPRECATED, THE ABI DOCUMENTATION HAS BEEN MOVED TO
5 Documentation/ABI/obsolete/sysfs-gpio AND NEW USERSPACE CONSUMERS
6 ARE SUPPOSED TO USE THE CHARACTER DEVICE ABI. THIS OLD SYSFS ABI WILL
7 NOT BE DEVELOPED (NO NEW FEATURES), IT WILL JUST BE MAINTAINED.
9 Refer to the examples in tools/gpio/* for an introduction to the new
10 character device ABI. Also see the userspace header in
11 include/uapi/linux/gpio.h
13 The deprecated sysfs ABI
14 ------------------------
15 Platforms which use the "gpiolib" implementors framework may choose to
16 configure a sysfs user interface to GPIOs. This is different from the
17 debugfs interface, since it provides control over GPIO direction and
18 value instead of just showing a gpio state summary. Plus, it could be
19 present on production systems without debugging support.
21 Given appropriate hardware documentation for the system, userspace could
22 know for example that GPIO #23 controls the write protect line used to
23 protect boot loader segments in flash memory. System upgrade procedures
24 may need to temporarily remove that protection, first importing a GPIO,
25 then changing its output state, then updating the code before re-enabling
26 the write protection. In normal use, GPIO #23 would never be touched,
27 and the kernel would have no need to know about it.
29 Again depending on appropriate hardware documentation, on some systems
30 userspace GPIO can be used to determine system configuration data that
31 standard kernels won't know about. And for some tasks, simple userspace
32 GPIO drivers could be all that the system really needs.
34 DO NOT ABUSE SYSFS TO CONTROL HARDWARE THAT HAS PROPER KERNEL DRIVERS.
35 PLEASE READ THE DOCUMENT NAMED "drivers-on-gpio.txt" IN THIS DOCUMENTATION
36 DIRECTORY TO AVOID REINVENTING KERNEL WHEELS IN USERSPACE. I MEAN IT.
41 There are three kinds of entries in /sys/class/gpio:
43 - Control interfaces used to get userspace control over GPIOs;
45 - GPIOs themselves; and
47 - GPIO controllers ("gpio_chip" instances).
49 That's in addition to standard files including the "device" symlink.
51 The control interfaces are write-only:
55 "export" ... Userspace may ask the kernel to export control of
56 a GPIO to userspace by writing its number to this file.
58 Example: "echo 19 > export" will create a "gpio19" node
59 for GPIO #19, if that's not requested by kernel code.
61 "unexport" ... Reverses the effect of exporting to userspace.
63 Example: "echo 19 > unexport" will remove a "gpio19"
64 node exported using the "export" file.
66 GPIO signals have paths like /sys/class/gpio/gpio42/ (for GPIO #42)
67 and have the following read/write attributes:
69 /sys/class/gpio/gpioN/
71 "direction" ... reads as either "in" or "out". This value may
72 normally be written. Writing as "out" defaults to
73 initializing the value as low. To ensure glitch free
74 operation, values "low" and "high" may be written to
75 configure the GPIO as an output with that initial value.
77 Note that this attribute *will not exist* if the kernel
78 doesn't support changing the direction of a GPIO, or
79 it was exported by kernel code that didn't explicitly
80 allow userspace to reconfigure this GPIO's direction.
82 "value" ... reads as either 0 (low) or 1 (high). If the GPIO
83 is configured as an output, this value may be written;
84 any nonzero value is treated as high.
86 If the pin can be configured as interrupt-generating interrupt
87 and if it has been configured to generate interrupts (see the
88 description of "edge"), you can poll(2) on that file and
89 poll(2) will return whenever the interrupt was triggered. If
90 you use poll(2), set the events POLLPRI and POLLERR. If you
91 use select(2), set the file descriptor in exceptfds. After
92 poll(2) returns, either lseek(2) to the beginning of the sysfs
93 file and read the new value or close the file and re-open it
96 "edge" ... reads as either "none", "rising", "falling", or
97 "both". Write these strings to select the signal edge(s)
98 that will make poll(2) on the "value" file return.
100 This file exists only if the pin can be configured as an
101 interrupt generating input pin.
103 "active_low" ... reads as either 0 (false) or 1 (true). Write
104 any nonzero value to invert the value attribute both
105 for reading and writing. Existing and subsequent
106 poll(2) support configuration via the edge attribute
107 for "rising" and "falling" edges will follow this
110 GPIO controllers have paths like /sys/class/gpio/gpiochip42/ (for the
111 controller implementing GPIOs starting at #42) and have the following
112 read-only attributes:
114 /sys/class/gpio/gpiochipN/
116 "base" ... same as N, the first GPIO managed by this chip
118 "label" ... provided for diagnostics (not always unique)
120 "ngpio" ... how many GPIOs this manages (N to N + ngpio - 1)
122 Board documentation should in most cases cover what GPIOs are used for
123 what purposes. However, those numbers are not always stable; GPIOs on
124 a daughtercard might be different depending on the base board being used,
125 or other cards in the stack. In such cases, you may need to use the
126 gpiochip nodes (possibly in conjunction with schematics) to determine
127 the correct GPIO number to use for a given signal.
130 Exporting from Kernel code
131 --------------------------
132 Kernel code can explicitly manage exports of GPIOs which have already been
133 requested using gpio_request():
135 /* export the GPIO to userspace */
136 int gpiod_export(struct gpio_desc *desc, bool direction_may_change);
138 /* reverse gpio_export() */
139 void gpiod_unexport(struct gpio_desc *desc);
141 /* create a sysfs link to an exported GPIO node */
142 int gpiod_export_link(struct device *dev, const char *name,
143 struct gpio_desc *desc);
145 After a kernel driver requests a GPIO, it may only be made available in
146 the sysfs interface by gpiod_export(). The driver can control whether the
147 signal direction may change. This helps drivers prevent userspace code
148 from accidentally clobbering important system state.
150 This explicit exporting can help with debugging (by making some kinds
151 of experiments easier), or can provide an always-there interface that's
152 suitable for documenting as part of a board support package.
154 After the GPIO has been exported, gpiod_export_link() allows creating
155 symlinks from elsewhere in sysfs to the GPIO sysfs node. Drivers can
156 use this to provide the interface under their own device in sysfs with