6 This document is meant as a brief overview of some aspects of the new serial
7 driver. It is not complete, any questions you have should be directed to
10 The reference implementation is contained within amba_pl011.c.
14 Low Level Serial Hardware Driver
15 --------------------------------
17 The low level serial hardware driver is responsible for supplying port
18 information (defined by uart_port) and a set of control methods (defined
19 by uart_ops) to the core serial driver. The low level driver is also
20 responsible for handling interrupts for the port, and providing any
27 The serial core provides a few helper functions. This includes identifing
28 the correct port structure (via uart_get_console) and decoding command line
29 arguments (uart_parse_options).
31 There is also a helper function (uart_write_console) which performs a
32 character by character write, translating newlines to CRLF sequences.
33 Driver writers are recommended to use this function rather than implementing
40 It is the responsibility of the low level hardware driver to perform the
41 necessary locking using port->lock. There are some exceptions (which
42 are described in the uart_ops listing below.)
44 There are three locks. A per-port spinlock, a per-port tmpbuf semaphore,
45 and an overall semaphore.
47 From the core driver perspective, the port->lock locks the following
52 info->xmit.head (circ->head)
53 info->xmit.tail (circ->tail)
55 The low level driver is free to use this lock to provide any additional
58 The core driver uses the info->tmpbuf_sem lock to prevent multi-threaded
59 access to the info->tmpbuf bouncebuffer used for port writes.
61 The port_sem semaphore is used to protect against ports being added/
62 removed or reconfigured at inappropriate times. Since v2.6.27, this
63 semaphore has been the 'mutex' member of the tty_port struct, and
64 commonly referred to as the port mutex (or port->mutex).
70 The uart_ops structure is the main interface between serial_core and the
71 hardware specific driver. It contains all the methods to control the
75 This function tests whether the transmitter fifo and shifter
76 for the port described by 'port' is empty. If it is empty,
77 this function should return TIOCSER_TEMT, otherwise return 0.
78 If the port does not support this operation, then it should
82 Interrupts: caller dependent.
83 This call must not sleep
85 set_mctrl(port, mctrl)
86 This function sets the modem control lines for port described
87 by 'port' to the state described by mctrl. The relevant bits
89 - TIOCM_RTS RTS signal.
90 - TIOCM_DTR DTR signal.
91 - TIOCM_OUT1 OUT1 signal.
92 - TIOCM_OUT2 OUT2 signal.
93 - TIOCM_LOOP Set the port into loopback mode.
94 If the appropriate bit is set, the signal should be driven
95 active. If the bit is clear, the signal should be driven
98 Locking: port->lock taken.
99 Interrupts: locally disabled.
100 This call must not sleep
103 Returns the current state of modem control inputs. The state
104 of the outputs should not be returned, since the core keeps
105 track of their state. The state information should include:
106 - TIOCM_CAR state of DCD signal
107 - TIOCM_CTS state of CTS signal
108 - TIOCM_DSR state of DSR signal
109 - TIOCM_RI state of RI signal
110 The bit is set if the signal is currently driven active. If
111 the port does not support CTS, DCD or DSR, the driver should
112 indicate that the signal is permanently active. If RI is
113 not available, the signal should not be indicated as active.
115 Locking: port->lock taken.
116 Interrupts: locally disabled.
117 This call must not sleep
120 Stop transmitting characters. This might be due to the CTS
121 line becoming inactive or the tty layer indicating we want
122 to stop transmission due to an XOFF character.
124 The driver should stop transmitting characters as soon as
127 Locking: port->lock taken.
128 Interrupts: locally disabled.
129 This call must not sleep
132 Start transmitting characters.
134 Locking: port->lock taken.
135 Interrupts: locally disabled.
136 This call must not sleep
139 Transmit a high priority character, even if the port is stopped.
140 This is used to implement XON/XOFF flow control and tcflow(). If
141 the serial driver does not implement this function, the tty core
142 will append the character to the circular buffer and then call
143 start_tx() / stop_tx() to flush the data out.
145 Do not transmit if ch == '\0' (__DISABLED_CHAR).
148 Interrupts: caller dependent.
151 Stop receiving characters; the port is in the process of
154 Locking: port->lock taken.
155 Interrupts: locally disabled.
156 This call must not sleep
159 Enable the modem status interrupts.
161 This method may be called multiple times. Modem status
162 interrupts should be disabled when the shutdown method is
165 Locking: port->lock taken.
166 Interrupts: locally disabled.
167 This call must not sleep
170 Control the transmission of a break signal. If ctl is
171 nonzero, the break signal should be transmitted. The signal
172 should be terminated when another call is made with a zero
176 Interrupts: caller dependent.
177 This call must not sleep
180 Grab any interrupt resources and initialise any low level driver
181 state. Enable the port for reception. It should not activate
182 RTS nor DTR; this will be done via a separate call to set_mctrl.
184 This method will only be called when the port is initially opened.
186 Locking: port_sem taken.
187 Interrupts: globally disabled.
190 Disable the port, disable any break condition that may be in
191 effect, and free any interrupt resources. It should not disable
192 RTS nor DTR; this will have already been done via a separate
195 Drivers must not access port->info once this call has completed.
197 This method will only be called when there are no more users of
200 Locking: port_sem taken.
201 Interrupts: caller dependent.
204 Flush any write buffers, reset any DMA state and stop any
205 ongoing DMA transfers.
207 This will be called whenever the port->info->xmit circular
210 Locking: port->lock taken.
211 Interrupts: locally disabled.
212 This call must not sleep
214 set_termios(port,termios,oldtermios)
215 Change the port parameters, including word length, parity, stop
216 bits. Update read_status_mask and ignore_status_mask to indicate
217 the types of events we are interested in receiving. Relevant
218 termios->c_cflag bits are:
221 PARENB - parity enable
222 PARODD - odd parity (when PARENB is in force)
223 CREAD - enable reception of characters (if not set,
224 still receive characters from the port, but
226 CRTSCTS - if set, enable CTS status change reporting
227 CLOCAL - if not set, enable modem status change
229 Relevant termios->c_iflag bits are:
230 INPCK - enable frame and parity error events to be
231 passed to the TTY layer.
233 PARMRK - both of these enable break events to be
234 passed to the TTY layer.
236 IGNPAR - ignore parity and framing errors
237 IGNBRK - ignore break errors, If IGNPAR is also
238 set, ignore overrun errors as well.
239 The interaction of the iflag bits is as follows (parity error
240 given as an example):
241 Parity error INPCK IGNPAR
242 n/a 0 n/a character received, marked as
244 None 1 n/a character received, marked as
246 Yes 1 0 character received, marked as
248 Yes 1 1 character discarded
250 Other flags may be used (eg, xon/xoff characters) if your
251 hardware supports hardware "soft" flow control.
253 Locking: caller holds port->mutex
254 Interrupts: caller dependent.
255 This call must not sleep
257 pm(port,state,oldstate)
258 Perform any power management related activities on the specified
259 port. State indicates the new state (defined by
260 enum uart_pm_state), oldstate indicates the previous state.
262 This function should not be used to grab any resources.
264 This will be called when the port is initially opened and finally
265 closed, except when the port is also the system console. This
266 will occur even if CONFIG_PM is not set.
269 Interrupts: caller dependent.
272 Return a pointer to a string constant describing the specified
273 port, or return NULL, in which case the string 'unknown' is
277 Interrupts: caller dependent.
280 Release any memory and IO region resources currently in use by
284 Interrupts: caller dependent.
287 Request any memory and IO region resources required by the port.
288 If any fail, no resources should be registered when this function
289 returns, and it should return -EBUSY on failure.
292 Interrupts: caller dependent.
294 config_port(port,type)
295 Perform any autoconfiguration steps required for the port. `type`
296 contains a bit mask of the required configuration. UART_CONFIG_TYPE
297 indicates that the port requires detection and identification.
298 port->type should be set to the type found, or PORT_UNKNOWN if
299 no port was detected.
301 UART_CONFIG_IRQ indicates autoconfiguration of the interrupt signal,
302 which should be probed using standard kernel autoprobing techniques.
303 This is not necessary on platforms where ports have interrupts
304 internally hard wired (eg, system on a chip implementations).
307 Interrupts: caller dependent.
309 verify_port(port,serinfo)
310 Verify the new serial port information contained within serinfo is
311 suitable for this port type.
314 Interrupts: caller dependent.
317 Perform any port specific IOCTLs. IOCTL commands must be defined
318 using the standard numbering system found in <asm/ioctl.h>
321 Interrupts: caller dependent.
324 Called by kgdb to perform the minimal hardware initialization needed
325 to support poll_put_char() and poll_get_char(). Unlike ->startup()
326 this should not request interrupts.
328 Locking: tty_mutex and tty_port->mutex taken.
331 poll_put_char(port,ch)
332 Called by kgdb to write a single character directly to the serial
333 port. It can and should block until there is space in the TX FIFO.
336 Interrupts: caller dependent.
337 This call must not sleep
340 Called by kgdb to read a single character directly from the serial
341 port. If data is available, it should be returned; otherwise
342 the function should return NO_POLL_CHAR immediately.
345 Interrupts: caller dependent.
346 This call must not sleep
351 uart_update_timeout(port,cflag,baud)
352 Update the FIFO drain timeout, port->timeout, according to the
353 number of bits, parity, stop bits and baud rate.
355 Locking: caller is expected to take port->lock
358 uart_get_baud_rate(port,termios,old,min,max)
359 Return the numeric baud rate for the specified termios, taking
360 account of the special 38400 baud "kludge". The B0 baud rate
361 is mapped to 9600 baud.
363 If the baud rate is not within min..max, then if old is non-NULL,
364 the original baud rate will be tried. If that exceeds the
365 min..max constraint, 9600 baud will be returned. termios will
366 be updated to the baud rate in use.
368 Note: min..max must always allow 9600 baud to be selected.
370 Locking: caller dependent.
373 uart_get_divisor(port,baud)
374 Return the divsor (baud_base / baud) for the specified baud
375 rate, appropriately rounded.
377 If 38400 baud and custom divisor is selected, return the
378 custom divisor instead.
380 Locking: caller dependent.
383 uart_match_port(port1,port2)
384 This utility function can be used to determine whether two
385 uart_port structures describe the same port.
390 uart_write_wakeup(port)
391 A driver is expected to call this function when the number of
392 characters in the transmit buffer have dropped below a threshold.
394 Locking: port->lock should be held.
397 uart_register_driver(drv)
398 Register a uart driver with the core driver. We in turn register
399 with the tty layer, and initialise the core driver per-port state.
401 drv->port should be NULL, and the per-port structures should be
402 registered using uart_add_one_port after this call has succeeded.
407 uart_unregister_driver()
408 Remove all references to a driver from the core driver. The low
409 level driver must have removed all its ports via the
410 uart_remove_one_port() if it registered them with uart_add_one_port().
421 uart_remove_one_port()
426 It is intended some day to drop the 'unused' entries from uart_port, and
427 allow low level drivers to register their own individual uart_port's with
428 the core. This will allow drivers to use uart_port as a pointer to a
429 structure containing both the uart_port entry with their own extensions,
433 struct uart_port port;
437 Modem control lines via GPIO
438 ----------------------------
440 Some helpers are provided in order to set/get modem control lines via GPIO.
442 mctrl_gpio_init(port, idx):
443 This will get the {cts,rts,...}-gpios from device tree if they are
444 present and request them, set direction etc, and return an
445 allocated structure. devm_* functions are used, so there's no need
446 to call mctrl_gpio_free().
447 As this sets up the irq handling make sure to not handle changes to the
448 gpio input lines in your driver, too.
450 mctrl_gpio_free(dev, gpios):
451 This will free the requested gpios in mctrl_gpio_init().
452 As devm_* function are used, there's generally no need to call
455 mctrl_gpio_to_gpiod(gpios, gidx)
456 This returns the gpio structure associated to the modem line index.
458 mctrl_gpio_set(gpios, mctrl):
459 This will sets the gpios according to the mctrl state.
461 mctrl_gpio_get(gpios, mctrl):
462 This will update mctrl with the gpios values.
464 mctrl_gpio_enable_ms(gpios):
465 Enables irqs and handling of changes to the ms lines.
467 mctrl_gpio_disable_ms(gpios):
468 Disables irqs and handling of changes to the ms lines.