4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
52 LP Printer support is enabled.
53 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
54 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
55 These options have more detailed description inside of
56 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
57 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
58 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
59 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
60 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
61 MTD MTD support is enabled.
62 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
63 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
64 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
65 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
66 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
67 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel
68 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
69 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
70 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
71 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
72 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
73 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
74 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
75 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
76 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
77 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
78 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
79 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
81 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
82 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
83 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
84 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
85 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
86 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
87 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
88 USB USB support is enabled.
89 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
90 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
91 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
92 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
93 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
94 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
95 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
96 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
97 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
99 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
101 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
102 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
103 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
105 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
106 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
107 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
108 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
110 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
111 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
113 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
114 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
115 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
116 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
117 running once the system is up.
119 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
120 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
121 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
122 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
123 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
126 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
127 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
128 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
130 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86-64,i386]
131 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
132 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
133 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
134 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
135 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
136 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
137 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
138 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
140 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
142 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
144 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
145 1,0: use 1st APIC table
148 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
149 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
150 See Documentation/power/video.txt
152 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
153 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
155 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
156 ACPI will balance active IRQs
159 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
160 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
163 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
165 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
167 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
168 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
170 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
171 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
173 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
174 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
175 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
176 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
178 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
180 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
181 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
182 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
183 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
184 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
185 that require a timer override, but don't have
188 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI]
190 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
191 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
192 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
193 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_layer.
194 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
195 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable debug output
196 for specific parts of the ACPI subsystem:
197 0x01 utilities 0x02 hardware 0x04 events 0x08 tables
198 0x10 namespace 0x20 parser 0x40 dispatcher
199 0x80 executer 0x100 resources 0x200 acpica debugger
200 0x400 os services 0x800 acpica disassembler.
201 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
202 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
203 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
205 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI]
207 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
208 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
209 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
210 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_level.
211 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
212 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable different
213 debug output levels of the ACPI subsystem:
214 0x01 error 0x02 warn 0x04 init 0x08 debug object
215 0x10 info 0x20 init names 0x40 parse 0x80 load
216 0x100 dispatch 0x200 execute 0x400 names 0x800 operation region
217 0x1000 bfield 0x2000 tables 0x4000 values 0x8000 objects
218 0x10000 resources 0x20000 user requests 0x40000 package.
219 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
220 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
221 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
224 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
226 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
227 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
228 override platform specific driver.
229 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
231 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
232 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
233 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
234 and always returns good values.
236 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
237 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
238 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
239 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
240 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
242 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
243 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
244 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
247 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
248 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
251 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
257 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
259 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
260 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
262 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
263 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
264 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
267 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
270 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
273 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
276 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
278 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
279 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
281 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
283 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
284 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
285 connected to one of 16 gameports
286 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
289 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
291 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
292 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
293 APC and your system crashes randomly.
295 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
296 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
297 Change the amount of debugging information output
298 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
300 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
301 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
306 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
307 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
311 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
313 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
315 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
316 EzKey and similar keyboards
318 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
320 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
321 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
323 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
326 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
327 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
329 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
330 Use software keyboard repeat
334 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
335 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
337 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
340 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
342 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
344 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
345 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
346 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
347 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
349 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
350 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
351 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
352 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
354 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
360 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
361 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
363 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
364 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
367 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
368 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
370 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
372 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
373 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
374 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
375 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
376 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
377 This option provides an override for these situations.
380 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
381 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
383 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
385 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
386 Format: { "0" | "1" }
387 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
388 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
389 any implied execute protection).
390 1 -- check protection requested by application.
391 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
392 Value can be changed at runtime via
393 /selinux/checkreqprot.
395 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
397 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
398 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
399 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
400 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
402 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
404 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
405 with the name specified.
406 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
408 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
410 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
411 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
413 [IA-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
414 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
422 code_bytes [IA32] How many bytes of object code to print in an
429 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
430 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
431 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
433 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
437 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
439 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
441 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
443 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
447 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
448 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
450 condev= [HW,S390] console device
453 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
455 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
459 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
460 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
461 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
462 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
463 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
465 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
467 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
470 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
471 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
472 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
473 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
474 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
475 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
477 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
479 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
482 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
484 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
485 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
486 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
489 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
494 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
495 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
497 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
500 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
502 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
503 (one device per port)
504 Format: <port#>,<type>
505 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
507 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
510 [KNL] verbose self-tests
512 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
514 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
515 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
516 only useful to kernel developers.
519 Format: <area>[,<node>]
520 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
523 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
524 Change the default blue palette of the console.
525 This is a 16-member array composed of values
529 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
530 Change the default green palette of the console.
531 This is a 16-member array composed of values
535 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
536 Change the default red palette of the console.
537 This is a 16-member array composed of values
542 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
543 Default is 0 and by setting to 1, it enables UTF-8
544 mode for all newly opened or allocated terminals.
547 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
550 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
552 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
553 See drivers/char/README.epca and
554 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
556 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
558 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
560 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
566 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64,SH]
568 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
570 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
573 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
575 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
577 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
580 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
585 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
588 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
595 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
596 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
599 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
601 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
602 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
605 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
606 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
609 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
610 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
611 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
613 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
614 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
615 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
616 pass this option to capture kernel.
617 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
619 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
621 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
622 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
623 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
625 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
628 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
629 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
631 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
632 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
633 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
635 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
640 fail_make_request=[KNL]
641 General fault injection mechanism.
642 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
643 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
646 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
649 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
652 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
655 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
656 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
657 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
658 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
663 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
665 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
666 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
673 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
674 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
675 for IA-64, off otherwise.
676 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
678 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
680 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
681 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
683 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
684 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
686 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
687 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
688 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
689 size on bigger boxes.
691 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
692 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
696 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
698 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
700 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
701 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
702 keyboard and cannot control its state
703 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
704 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
705 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
706 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
708 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
711 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
712 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
713 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
714 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
718 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
719 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
721 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
722 does not match list of supported models.
724 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
725 (disabled by default)
726 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
729 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
730 See Documentation/mca.txt.
733 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
735 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
736 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
737 See Documentation/ide.txt.
739 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
740 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
741 See Documentation/ide.txt.
743 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
744 See Documentation/ide.txt.
747 Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait
748 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly improves the performance
749 of waking up a idle CPU, but will use a lot of power and make the system
750 run hot. Not recommended.
751 idle=mwait. On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but the kernel chose
752 to not use it because it doesn't save as much power as a normal idle
753 loop use the MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be the same
756 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
757 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
758 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
761 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
764 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
768 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
771 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
772 for working out where the kernel is dying during
775 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
777 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
782 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
783 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
784 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
787 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
789 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
790 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
792 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
793 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
795 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
797 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
799 Format: <port>,<port>....
802 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
803 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
807 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
808 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
809 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
813 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
815 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
817 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
819 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
821 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
822 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
823 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
824 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
825 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
826 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
827 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
829 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
830 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
831 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
832 suboptimal load balancer performance.
835 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
839 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
840 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
844 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
849 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
852 lapic_timer_c2_ok [IA-32,x86-64,APIC] trust the local apic timer in
855 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
856 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
858 legacy_serial.force [HW,IA-32,X86-64]
859 Probe for COM ports at legacy addresses even
860 if PNPBIOS or ACPI should describe them. This
861 is for working around firmware defects.
863 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
864 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
866 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
867 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
869 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
872 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
875 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
878 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
881 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
884 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
885 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
886 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
887 loglevels are defined as follows:
889 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
890 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
891 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
892 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
893 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
894 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
895 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
896 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
898 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
899 Format: { n | nk | nM }
900 n must be a power of two. The default size
901 is set in the kernel config file.
903 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
904 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
905 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
906 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
907 specified in addition to the ports) causes
908 attached printers to be reset. Using
909 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
910 to associate lp devices with, starting with
911 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
912 that lp device, or a parport name such as
913 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
914 port specification list means that device IDs
915 from each port should be examined, to see if
916 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
917 so, the driver will manage that printer.
918 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
921 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
922 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
923 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
924 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
925 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
926 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
927 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
928 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
929 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
930 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
931 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
935 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
937 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
938 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
940 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
941 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
943 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
944 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
945 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
947 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
951 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
953 Using "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
954 entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
955 A command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM>
956 is an integer greater than 0, limits the maximum number
957 of CPUs activated in SMP mode to <NUM>.
958 Using "maxcpus=1" on an SMP kernel is the trivial
959 case of an SMP kernel with only one CPU.
961 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
962 equal to this physical address is ignored.
964 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
965 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
968 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
969 Should be between 1 and 16384.
971 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
976 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
980 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
982 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
983 See Documentation/md.txt.
986 Format: <first>,<last>
987 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
989 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
990 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
991 to see the whole system memory or for test.
992 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
993 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
994 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
996 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
999 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
1000 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1001 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1002 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1005 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1006 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1007 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1009 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1010 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1011 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1013 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1014 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1015 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1017 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1018 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1023 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
1024 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
1025 This debugging option can be used to override the
1026 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
1027 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
1028 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
1029 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
1030 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
1031 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
1033 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
1034 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
1035 development purposes, not production environments.
1038 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
1040 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
1041 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
1042 increase verbosity of the detection process.
1043 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
1044 some more information, and 2 will be really
1045 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
1046 serial console attached to the system).
1049 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
1051 This debug option can be used to proportionally
1052 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
1053 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
1054 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
1055 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
1056 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
1057 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
1058 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
1061 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
1062 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
1063 development purposes, not production environments.
1066 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1067 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1068 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1069 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1071 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1072 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1073 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1074 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1079 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1080 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1082 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1083 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1086 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
1088 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1089 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1090 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1092 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1095 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1099 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1101 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1103 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1105 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1107 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1108 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1109 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1110 something different and driver-specific.
1111 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1115 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1117 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1118 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1120 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1121 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1122 channel should listen.
1124 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1125 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1128 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1130 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1131 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1134 noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1138 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1139 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1140 but will impact performance.
1144 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1145 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1147 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1150 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1151 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1155 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1157 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1161 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1162 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1163 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1165 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1166 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1167 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1171 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1172 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1175 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1176 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1177 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1178 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1179 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1182 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1183 Valid arguments: on, off
1186 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1188 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1189 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1191 no_timer_check [IA-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1192 broken timer IRQ sources.
1194 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1196 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1201 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1203 nolapic_timer [IA-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1205 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1206 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1208 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1210 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1212 noreplace-paravirt [IA-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1214 noreplace-smp [IA-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1215 with UP alternatives
1217 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1219 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1222 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1223 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1224 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1228 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1230 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1232 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1234 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1236 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1240 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1245 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1246 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1248 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1249 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1254 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1255 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1256 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1258 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1261 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1262 connected to, default is 0.
1264 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1265 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1268 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1269 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1270 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1271 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1272 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1273 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1274 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1275 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1276 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1277 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1278 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1279 are specified on the command line, starting
1282 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1283 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1284 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1285 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1286 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1287 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1288 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1290 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1291 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1294 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1297 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1298 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1299 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1304 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1305 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1307 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1308 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1309 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1310 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1311 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1312 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1313 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1314 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1315 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1316 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1318 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1320 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1322 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1323 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1324 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1325 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1326 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1327 done to get a device order compatible with
1329 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1330 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1331 on several machines and they hang the machine
1332 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1333 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1334 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1335 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1337 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1338 Use with caution as certain devices share
1339 address decoders between ROMs and other
1341 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1342 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1343 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1345 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1346 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1347 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1348 F0000h-100000h range.
1349 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1350 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1351 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1352 explicitly which ones they are.
1353 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1354 numbers ourselves, overriding
1355 whatever the firmware may have done.
1356 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1357 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1358 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1359 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1360 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1361 IRQ routing is enabled.
1362 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1363 or for PCI scanning.
1364 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1365 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1366 so this option is a temporary workaround
1367 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1368 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1369 just use the configuration from the
1370 bootloader. This is currently used on
1371 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1372 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1373 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1374 This might help on some broken boards which
1375 machine check when some devices' config space
1376 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1377 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1378 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1379 This sorting is done to get a device
1380 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1381 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1382 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1383 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1384 The default value is 256 bytes.
1385 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1386 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1387 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1389 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1392 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1394 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1397 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1400 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1403 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1405 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1406 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1408 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1409 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1410 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1416 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1419 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1422 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1424 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1425 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1428 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1430 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1432 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1433 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1434 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1435 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1436 statistical time based profiling.
1437 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1439 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1440 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1441 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1443 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1444 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1445 instead using the legacy FADT method
1447 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1449 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1451 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1452 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1453 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1455 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1456 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1459 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1460 psmouse.smartscroll=
1461 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1462 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1464 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1466 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1469 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1471 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1476 See Documentation/md.txt.
1478 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1479 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1481 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1482 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1484 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1485 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1486 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1488 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1489 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1491 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1492 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1494 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1495 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1499 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1500 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1502 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1503 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1504 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1506 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1510 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1513 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1514 during initialization.
1517 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1519 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1520 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1521 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1522 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1523 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1525 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1527 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1528 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1530 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1531 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1533 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1535 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1537 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1538 mount the root filesystem
1540 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1542 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1544 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1546 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1549 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1552 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1554 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1556 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1558 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1559 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1561 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1562 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1564 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1565 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1567 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1568 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1571 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1572 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1573 (flags are integer value)
1575 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1577 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1578 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1579 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1580 user space to do the scan.
1582 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1583 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1584 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1587 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1588 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1589 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1591 selinux_compat_net =
1592 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1593 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1594 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1595 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1596 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1597 Value can be changed at runtime via
1598 /selinux/compat_net.
1600 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1602 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1605 Maximal number of shapers.
1608 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1614 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1615 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1619 slub_debug [MM, SLUB]
1620 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the culprit
1621 if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling slub_debug
1622 creates guard zones around objects and poisons objects
1623 when not in use. Also tracks the last alloc / free.
1624 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1626 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
1627 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs. Setting
1628 this too high may cause fragmentation.
1629 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1631 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
1632 The minimum objects per slab. SLUB will increase the
1633 slab order up to slub_max_order to generate a
1634 sufficiently big slab to satisfy the number of objects.
1635 The higher the number of objects the smaller the overhead
1637 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1639 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
1640 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
1641 lower than slub_max_order
1642 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1644 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
1645 Disable merging of slabs of similar size. May be
1646 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
1647 allocs to different slabs.
1648 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1651 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1653 smp-alt-once [IA-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
1654 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
1656 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
1657 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
1658 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
1659 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
1660 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
1661 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
1662 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
1663 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
1664 1: Fast pin select (default)
1667 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1669 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1671 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1673 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1675 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1677 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1679 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1681 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1683 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1685 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1687 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1689 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1691 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1693 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1695 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1697 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1699 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1701 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1703 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1705 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1707 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1709 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1711 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1713 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1715 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1717 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1719 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1723 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1725 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1727 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1732 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1734 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1736 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1738 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1740 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1742 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1750 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1754 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1756 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1758 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1764 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1766 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1768 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1770 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1775 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1777 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1779 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1781 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1783 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1785 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1787 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1790 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1792 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1793 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1795 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1796 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1798 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1804 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1806 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1807 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1810 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1814 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1815 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1816 as the initial boot-console.
1817 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1820 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1823 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1827 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
1828 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
1829 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
1830 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
1831 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
1832 NFS server is running.
1834 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
1835 automatically using heuristics
1836 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
1837 percpu one pool for each CPU
1838 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
1839 to global on non-NUMA machines)
1841 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1845 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1846 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1848 sysrq_always_enabled
1850 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
1851 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
1852 Useful for debugging.
1855 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1859 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1860 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1862 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1864 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1865 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1868 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1869 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1872 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1875 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1876 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1880 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1882 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1884 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1885 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1887 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1888 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1890 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1891 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1893 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1894 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1903 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
1904 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
1905 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
1906 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
1907 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
1910 usbcore.autosuspend=
1911 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
1912 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
1913 is the time required before an idle device will be
1914 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
1915 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
1918 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1921 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
1922 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1923 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1925 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1926 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1928 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1929 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1930 Documentation/svga.txt.
1931 Use vga=ask for menu.
1932 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1933 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1935 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1936 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1937 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1938 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1941 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1944 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1947 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1950 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1951 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1954 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1957 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1960 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1962 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1963 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1965 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1967 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1969 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1970 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1972 unwind_debug=N N > 0 will enable dwarf2 unwinder debugging
1973 This is useful to get more information why
1974 you got a "dwarf2 unwinder stuck"
1976 ______________________________________________________________________
1980 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1981 Add more DRM drivers.