3 * Copyright (C) 1995-1996 Gary Thomas (gdt@linuxppc.org)
5 * Rewritten by Cort Dougan (cort@cs.nmt.edu) for PReP
6 * Copyright (C) 1996 Cort Dougan <cort@cs.nmt.edu>
7 * Adapted for Power Macintosh by Paul Mackerras.
8 * Low-level exception handlers and MMU support
9 * rewritten by Paul Mackerras.
10 * Copyright (C) 1996 Paul Mackerras.
12 * Adapted for 64bit PowerPC by Dave Engebretsen, Peter Bergner, and
13 * Mike Corrigan {engebret|bergner|mikejc}@us.ibm.com
15 * This file contains the entry point for the 64-bit kernel along
16 * with some early initialization code common to all 64-bit powerpc
19 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
20 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
21 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
22 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
25 #include <linux/threads.h>
29 #include <asm/ppc_asm.h>
30 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
32 #include <asm/cputable.h>
33 #include <asm/setup.h>
34 #include <asm/hvcall.h>
35 #include <asm/iseries/lpar_map.h>
36 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
37 #include <asm/firmware.h>
38 #include <asm/page_64.h>
39 #include <asm/irqflags.h>
40 #include <asm/kvm_book3s_asm.h>
41 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
43 /* The physical memory is laid out such that the secondary processor
44 * spin code sits at 0x0000...0x00ff. On server, the vectors follow
45 * using the layout described in exceptions-64s.S
49 * Entering into this code we make the following assumptions:
51 * For pSeries or server processors:
52 * 1. The MMU is off & open firmware is running in real mode.
53 * 2. The kernel is entered at __start
54 * -or- For OPAL entry:
55 * 1. The MMU is off, processor in HV mode, primary CPU enters at 0
56 * with device-tree in gpr3. We also get OPAL base in r8 and
57 * entry in r9 for debugging purposes
58 * 2. Secondary processors enter at 0x60 with PIR in gpr3
61 * 1. The MMU is on (as it always is for iSeries)
62 * 2. The kernel is entered at system_reset_iSeries
64 * For Book3E processors:
65 * 1. The MMU is on running in AS0 in a state defined in ePAPR
66 * 2. The kernel is entered at __start
73 /* NOP this out unconditionally */
75 b .__start_initialization_multiplatform
78 /* Catch branch to 0 in real mode */
81 /* Secondary processors spin on this value until it becomes nonzero.
82 * When it does it contains the real address of the descriptor
83 * of the function that the cpu should jump to to continue
86 .globl __secondary_hold_spinloop
87 __secondary_hold_spinloop:
90 /* Secondary processors write this value with their cpu # */
91 /* after they enter the spin loop immediately below. */
92 .globl __secondary_hold_acknowledge
93 __secondary_hold_acknowledge:
96 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_ISERIES
98 * At offset 0x20, there is a pointer to iSeries LPAR data.
99 * This is required by the hypervisor
102 .llong hvReleaseData-KERNELBASE
103 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_ISERIES */
105 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
106 /* This flag is set to 1 by a loader if the kernel should run
107 * at the loaded address instead of the linked address. This
108 * is used by kexec-tools to keep the the kdump kernel in the
109 * crash_kernel region. The loader is responsible for
110 * observing the alignment requirement.
112 /* Do not move this variable as kexec-tools knows about it. */
116 .long 0x72756e30 /* "run0" -- relocate to 0 by default */
121 * The following code is used to hold secondary processors
122 * in a spin loop after they have entered the kernel, but
123 * before the bulk of the kernel has been relocated. This code
124 * is relocated to physical address 0x60 before prom_init is run.
125 * All of it must fit below the first exception vector at 0x100.
126 * Use .globl here not _GLOBAL because we want __secondary_hold
127 * to be the actual text address, not a descriptor.
129 .globl __secondary_hold
131 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
134 mtmsrd r24 /* RI on */
136 /* Grab our physical cpu number */
139 /* Tell the master cpu we're here */
140 /* Relocation is off & we are located at an address less */
141 /* than 0x100, so only need to grab low order offset. */
142 std r24,__secondary_hold_acknowledge-_stext(0)
145 /* All secondary cpus wait here until told to start. */
146 100: ld r4,__secondary_hold_spinloop-_stext(0)
150 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) || defined(CONFIG_KEXEC)
151 ld r4,0(r4) /* deref function descriptor */
155 /* Make sure that patched code is visible */
162 /* This value is used to mark exception frames on the stack. */
165 .tc ID_72656773_68657265[TC],0x7265677368657265
169 * On server, we include the exception vectors code here as it
170 * relies on absolute addressing which is only possible within
171 * this compilation unit
173 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S
174 #include "exceptions-64s.S"
177 _GLOBAL(generic_secondary_thread_init)
180 /* turn on 64-bit mode */
183 /* get a valid TOC pointer, wherever we're mapped at */
186 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
187 /* Book3E initialization */
189 bl .book3e_secondary_thread_init
191 b generic_secondary_common_init
194 * On pSeries and most other platforms, secondary processors spin
195 * in the following code.
196 * At entry, r3 = this processor's number (physical cpu id)
198 * On Book3E, r4 = 1 to indicate that the initial TLB entry for
199 * this core already exists (setup via some other mechanism such
200 * as SCOM before entry).
202 _GLOBAL(generic_secondary_smp_init)
206 /* turn on 64-bit mode */
209 /* get a valid TOC pointer, wherever we're mapped at */
212 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
213 /* Book3E initialization */
216 bl .book3e_secondary_core_init
219 generic_secondary_common_init:
220 /* Set up a paca value for this processor. Since we have the
221 * physical cpu id in r24, we need to search the pacas to find
222 * which logical id maps to our physical one.
224 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r13, paca) /* Load paca pointer */
225 ld r13,0(r13) /* Get base vaddr of paca array */
227 addi r13,r13,PACA_SIZE /* know r13 if used accidentally */
228 b .kexec_wait /* wait for next kernel if !SMP */
230 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r7, nr_cpu_ids) /* Load nr_cpu_ids address */
231 lwz r7,0(r7) /* also the max paca allocated */
232 li r5,0 /* logical cpu id */
233 1: lhz r6,PACAHWCPUID(r13) /* Load HW procid from paca */
234 cmpw r6,r24 /* Compare to our id */
236 addi r13,r13,PACA_SIZE /* Loop to next PACA on miss */
238 cmpw r5,r7 /* Check if more pacas exist */
241 mr r3,r24 /* not found, copy phys to r3 */
242 b .kexec_wait /* next kernel might do better */
245 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
246 addi r12,r13,PACA_EXTLB /* and TLB exc frame in another */
247 mtspr SPRN_SPRG_TLB_EXFRAME,r12
250 /* From now on, r24 is expected to be logical cpuid */
253 /* See if we need to call a cpu state restore handler */
254 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r23, cur_cpu_spec)
256 ld r23,CPU_SPEC_RESTORE(r23)
263 3: LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, spinning_secondaries) /* Decrement spinning_secondaries */
271 lbz r23,PACAPROCSTART(r13) /* Test if this processor should */
274 beq 4b /* Loop until told to go */
276 sync /* order paca.run and cur_cpu_spec */
277 isync /* In case code patching happened */
279 /* Create a temp kernel stack for use before relocation is on. */
280 ld r1,PACAEMERGSP(r13)
281 subi r1,r1,STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD
288 * Assumes we're mapped EA == RA if the MMU is on.
290 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S
293 andi. r0,r3,MSR_IR|MSR_DR
301 b . /* prevent speculative execution */
306 * Here is our main kernel entry point. We support currently 2 kind of entries
307 * depending on the value of r5.
309 * r5 != NULL -> OF entry, we go to prom_init, "legacy" parameter content
312 * r5 == NULL -> kexec style entry. r3 is a physical pointer to the
313 * DT block, r4 is a physical pointer to the kernel itself
316 _GLOBAL(__start_initialization_multiplatform)
317 /* Make sure we are running in 64 bits mode */
320 /* Get TOC pointer (current runtime address) */
323 /* find out where we are now */
325 0: mflr r26 /* r26 = runtime addr here */
326 addis r26,r26,(_stext - 0b)@ha
327 addi r26,r26,(_stext - 0b)@l /* current runtime base addr */
330 * Are we booted from a PROM Of-type client-interface ?
334 b .__boot_from_prom /* yes -> prom */
336 /* Save parameters */
339 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_EARLY_DEBUG_OPAL
340 /* Save OPAL entry */
345 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
346 bl .start_initialization_book3e
347 b .__after_prom_start
349 /* Setup some critical 970 SPRs before switching MMU off */
352 cmpwi r0,0x39 /* 970 */
354 cmpwi r0,0x3c /* 970FX */
356 cmpwi r0,0x44 /* 970MP */
358 cmpwi r0,0x45 /* 970GX */
360 1: bl .__cpu_preinit_ppc970
363 /* Switch off MMU if not already off */
365 b .__after_prom_start
366 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E */
368 _INIT_STATIC(__boot_from_prom)
369 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE
370 /* Save parameters */
378 * Align the stack to 16-byte boundary
379 * Depending on the size and layout of the ELF sections in the initial
380 * boot binary, the stack pointer may be unaligned on PowerMac
384 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
385 /* Relocate code for where we are now */
390 /* Restore parameters */
397 /* Do all of the interaction with OF client interface */
400 #endif /* #CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE */
402 /* We never return. We also hit that trap if trying to boot
403 * from OF while CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE isn't selected */
406 _STATIC(__after_prom_start)
407 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
408 /* process relocations for the final address of the kernel */
409 lis r25,PAGE_OFFSET@highest /* compute virtual base of kernel */
411 lwz r7,__run_at_load-_stext(r26)
412 cmplwi cr0,r7,1 /* flagged to stay where we are ? */
420 * We need to run with _stext at physical address PHYSICAL_START.
421 * This will leave some code in the first 256B of
422 * real memory, which are reserved for software use.
424 * Note: This process overwrites the OF exception vectors.
426 li r3,0 /* target addr */
427 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
428 tovirt(r3,r3) /* on booke, we already run at PAGE_OFFSET */
430 mr. r4,r26 /* In some cases the loader may */
431 beq 9f /* have already put us at zero */
432 li r6,0x100 /* Start offset, the first 0x100 */
433 /* bytes were copied earlier. */
434 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
435 tovirt(r6,r6) /* on booke, we already run at PAGE_OFFSET */
438 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
440 * Check if the kernel has to be running as relocatable kernel based on the
441 * variable __run_at_load, if it is set the kernel is treated as relocatable
442 * kernel, otherwise it will be moved to PHYSICAL_START
444 lwz r7,__run_at_load-_stext(r26)
448 li r5,__end_interrupts - _stext /* just copy interrupts */
452 lis r5,(copy_to_here - _stext)@ha
453 addi r5,r5,(copy_to_here - _stext)@l /* # bytes of memory to copy */
455 bl .copy_and_flush /* copy the first n bytes */
456 /* this includes the code being */
458 addis r8,r3,(4f - _stext)@ha /* Jump to the copy of this code */
459 addi r8,r8,(4f - _stext)@l /* that we just made */
463 p_end: .llong _end - _stext
465 4: /* Now copy the rest of the kernel up to _end */
466 addis r5,r26,(p_end - _stext)@ha
467 ld r5,(p_end - _stext)@l(r5) /* get _end */
468 5: bl .copy_and_flush /* copy the rest */
470 9: b .start_here_multiplatform
473 * Copy routine used to copy the kernel to start at physical address 0
474 * and flush and invalidate the caches as needed.
475 * r3 = dest addr, r4 = source addr, r5 = copy limit, r6 = start offset
476 * on exit, r3, r4, r5 are unchanged, r6 is updated to be >= r5.
478 * Note: this routine *only* clobbers r0, r6 and lr
480 _GLOBAL(copy_and_flush)
483 4: li r0,8 /* Use the smallest common */
484 /* denominator cache line */
485 /* size. This results in */
486 /* extra cache line flushes */
487 /* but operation is correct. */
488 /* Can't get cache line size */
489 /* from NACA as it is being */
492 mtctr r0 /* put # words/line in ctr */
493 3: addi r6,r6,8 /* copy a cache line */
497 dcbst r6,r3 /* write it to memory */
499 icbi r6,r3 /* flush the icache line */
511 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_PMAC
513 * On PowerMac, secondary processors starts from the reset vector, which
514 * is temporarily turned into a call to one of the functions below.
519 .globl __secondary_start_pmac_0
520 __secondary_start_pmac_0:
521 /* NB the entries for cpus 0, 1, 2 must each occupy 8 bytes. */
531 _GLOBAL(pmac_secondary_start)
532 /* turn on 64-bit mode */
537 rldimi r3,r0,40,23 /* clear bit 23 (rm_ci) */
544 /* get TOC pointer (real address) */
547 /* Copy some CPU settings from CPU 0 */
548 bl .__restore_cpu_ppc970
550 /* pSeries do that early though I don't think we really need it */
553 mtmsrd r3 /* RI on */
555 /* Set up a paca value for this processor. */
556 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r4,paca) /* Load paca pointer */
557 ld r4,0(r4) /* Get base vaddr of paca array */
558 mulli r13,r24,PACA_SIZE /* Calculate vaddr of right paca */
559 add r13,r13,r4 /* for this processor. */
560 SET_PACA(r13) /* Save vaddr of paca in an SPRG*/
562 /* Mark interrupts soft and hard disabled (they might be enabled
563 * in the PACA when doing hotplug)
566 stb r0,PACASOFTIRQEN(r13)
567 stb r0,PACAHARDIRQEN(r13)
569 /* Create a temp kernel stack for use before relocation is on. */
570 ld r1,PACAEMERGSP(r13)
571 subi r1,r1,STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD
575 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_PMAC */
578 * This function is called after the master CPU has released the
579 * secondary processors. The execution environment is relocation off.
580 * The paca for this processor has the following fields initialized at
582 * 1. Processor number
583 * 2. Segment table pointer (virtual address)
584 * On entry the following are set:
585 * r1 = stack pointer. vaddr for iSeries, raddr (temp stack) for pSeries
586 * r24 = cpu# (in Linux terms)
587 * r13 = paca virtual address
588 * SPRG_PACA = paca virtual address
593 .globl __secondary_start
595 /* Set thread priority to MEDIUM */
598 /* Initialize the kernel stack. Just a repeat for iSeries. */
599 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, current_set)
600 sldi r28,r24,3 /* get current_set[cpu#] */
602 addi r14,r14,THREAD_SIZE-STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD
603 std r14,PACAKSAVE(r13)
605 /* Do early setup for that CPU (stab, slb, hash table pointer) */
606 bl .early_setup_secondary
609 * setup the new stack pointer, but *don't* use this until
614 /* Clear backchain so we get nice backtraces */
618 /* enable MMU and jump to start_secondary */
619 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, .start_secondary_prolog)
620 LOAD_REG_IMMEDIATE(r4, MSR_KERNEL)
621 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_ISERIES
625 stb r8,PACAHARDIRQEN(r13)
626 END_FW_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(FW_FEATURE_ISERIES)
629 stb r7,PACAHARDIRQEN(r13)
630 END_FW_FTR_SECTION_IFCLR(FW_FEATURE_ISERIES)
631 stb r7,PACASOFTIRQEN(r13)
636 b . /* prevent speculative execution */
639 * Running with relocation on at this point. All we want to do is
640 * zero the stack back-chain pointer and get the TOC virtual address
641 * before going into C code.
643 _GLOBAL(start_secondary_prolog)
646 std r3,0(r1) /* Zero the stack frame pointer */
650 * Reset stack pointer and call start_secondary
651 * to continue with online operation when woken up
652 * from cede in cpu offline.
654 _GLOBAL(start_secondary_resume)
655 ld r1,PACAKSAVE(r13) /* Reload kernel stack pointer */
657 std r3,0(r1) /* Zero the stack frame pointer */
663 * This subroutine clobbers r11 and r12
665 _GLOBAL(enable_64b_mode)
666 mfmsr r11 /* grab the current MSR */
667 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
668 oris r11,r11,0x8000 /* CM bit set, we'll set ICM later */
670 #else /* CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E */
671 li r12,(MSR_64BIT | MSR_ISF)@highest
680 * This puts the TOC pointer into r2, offset by 0x8000 (as expected
681 * by the toolchain). It computes the correct value for wherever we
682 * are running at the moment, using position-independent code.
684 _GLOBAL(relative_toc)
688 ld r2,(p_toc - 0b)(r11)
693 p_toc: .llong __toc_start + 0x8000 - 0b
696 * This is where the main kernel code starts.
698 _INIT_STATIC(start_here_multiplatform)
699 /* set up the TOC (real address) */
702 /* Clear out the BSS. It may have been done in prom_init,
703 * already but that's irrelevant since prom_init will soon
704 * be detached from the kernel completely. Besides, we need
705 * to clear it now for kexec-style entry.
707 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r11,__bss_stop)
708 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r8,__bss_start)
709 sub r11,r11,r8 /* bss size */
710 addi r11,r11,7 /* round up to an even double word */
711 srdi. r11,r11,3 /* shift right by 3 */
715 mtctr r11 /* zero this many doublewords */
720 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_EARLY_DEBUG_OPAL
721 /* Setup OPAL entry */
726 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
729 mtmsrd r6 /* RI on */
732 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
733 /* Save the physical address we're running at in kernstart_addr */
734 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r4, kernstart_addr)
739 /* The following gets the stack set up with the regs */
740 /* pointing to the real addr of the kernel stack. This is */
741 /* all done to support the C function call below which sets */
742 /* up the htab. This is done because we have relocated the */
743 /* kernel but are still running in real mode. */
745 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3,init_thread_union)
747 /* set up a stack pointer */
748 addi r1,r3,THREAD_SIZE
750 stdu r0,-STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD(r1)
752 /* Do very early kernel initializations, including initial hash table,
753 * stab and slb setup before we turn on relocation. */
755 /* Restore parameters passed from prom_init/kexec */
757 bl .early_setup /* also sets r13 and SPRG_PACA */
759 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, .start_here_common)
764 b . /* prevent speculative execution */
766 /* This is where all platforms converge execution */
767 _INIT_GLOBAL(start_here_common)
768 /* relocation is on at this point */
769 std r1,PACAKSAVE(r13)
771 /* Load the TOC (virtual address) */
776 /* Load up the kernel context */
779 stb r5,PACASOFTIRQEN(r13) /* Soft Disabled */
780 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_ISERIES
783 ori r5,r5,MSR_EE /* Hard Enabled on iSeries*/
786 END_FW_FTR_SECTION_IFSET(FW_FEATURE_ISERIES)
788 stb r5,PACAHARDIRQEN(r13) /* Hard Disabled on others */
796 * We put a few things here that have to be page-aligned.
797 * This stuff goes at the beginning of the bss, which is page-aligned.
803 .globl empty_zero_page
807 .globl swapper_pg_dir
809 .space PGD_TABLE_SIZE