1 Developing Cipher Algorithms
2 ============================
4 Registering And Unregistering Transformation
5 --------------------------------------------
7 There are three distinct types of registration functions in the Crypto
8 API. One is used to register a generic cryptographic transformation,
9 while the other two are specific to HASH transformations and
10 COMPRESSion. We will discuss the latter two in a separate chapter, here
11 we will only look at the generic ones.
13 Before discussing the register functions, the data structure to be
14 filled with each, struct crypto_alg, must be considered -- see below
15 for a description of this data structure.
17 The generic registration functions can be found in
18 include/linux/crypto.h and their definition can be seen below. The
19 former function registers a single transformation, while the latter
20 works on an array of transformation descriptions. The latter is useful
21 when registering transformations in bulk, for example when a driver
22 implements multiple transformations.
26 int crypto_register_alg(struct crypto_alg *alg);
27 int crypto_register_algs(struct crypto_alg *algs, int count);
30 The counterparts to those functions are listed below.
34 int crypto_unregister_alg(struct crypto_alg *alg);
35 int crypto_unregister_algs(struct crypto_alg *algs, int count);
38 Notice that both registration and unregistration functions do return a
39 value, so make sure to handle errors. A return code of zero implies
40 success. Any return code < 0 implies an error.
42 The bulk registration/unregistration functions register/unregister each
43 transformation in the given array of length count. They handle errors as
46 - crypto_register_algs() succeeds if and only if it successfully
47 registers all the given transformations. If an error occurs partway
48 through, then it rolls back successful registrations before returning
49 the error code. Note that if a driver needs to handle registration
50 errors for individual transformations, then it will need to use the
51 non-bulk function crypto_register_alg() instead.
53 - crypto_unregister_algs() tries to unregister all the given
54 transformations, continuing on error. It logs errors and always
57 Single-Block Symmetric Ciphers [CIPHER]
58 ---------------------------------------
60 Example of transformations: aes, arc4, ...
62 This section describes the simplest of all transformation
63 implementations, that being the CIPHER type used for symmetric ciphers.
64 The CIPHER type is used for transformations which operate on exactly one
65 block at a time and there are no dependencies between blocks at all.
67 Registration specifics
68 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
70 The registration of [CIPHER] algorithm is specific in that struct
71 crypto_alg field .cra_type is empty. The .cra_u.cipher has to be
72 filled in with proper callbacks to implement this transformation.
74 See struct cipher_alg below.
76 Cipher Definition With struct cipher_alg
77 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
79 Struct cipher_alg defines a single block cipher.
81 Here are schematics of how these functions are called when operated from
82 other part of the kernel. Note that the .cia_setkey() call might happen
83 before or after any of these schematics happen, but must not happen
84 during any of these are in-flight.
88 KEY ---. PLAINTEXT ---.
90 .cia_setkey() -> .cia_encrypt()
95 Please note that a pattern where .cia_setkey() is called multiple times
101 KEY1 --. PLAINTEXT1 --. KEY2 --. PLAINTEXT2 --.
103 .cia_setkey() -> .cia_encrypt() -> .cia_setkey() -> .cia_encrypt()
105 '---> CIPHERTEXT1 '---> CIPHERTEXT2
111 Example of transformations: cbc(aes), ecb(arc4), ...
113 This section describes the multi-block cipher transformation
114 implementations. The multi-block ciphers are used for transformations
115 which operate on scatterlists of data supplied to the transformation
116 functions. They output the result into a scatterlist of data as well.
118 Registration Specifics
119 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
121 The registration of multi-block cipher algorithms is one of the most
122 standard procedures throughout the crypto API.
124 Note, if a cipher implementation requires a proper alignment of data,
125 the caller should use the functions of crypto_skcipher_alignmask() to
126 identify a memory alignment mask. The kernel crypto API is able to
127 process requests that are unaligned. This implies, however, additional
128 overhead as the kernel crypto API needs to perform the realignment of
129 the data which may imply moving of data.
131 Cipher Definition With struct blkcipher_alg and ablkcipher_alg
132 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
134 Struct blkcipher_alg defines a synchronous block cipher whereas struct
135 ablkcipher_alg defines an asynchronous block cipher.
137 Please refer to the single block cipher description for schematics of
138 the block cipher usage.
140 Specifics Of Asynchronous Multi-Block Cipher
141 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
143 There are a couple of specifics to the asynchronous interface.
145 First of all, some of the drivers will want to use the Generic
146 ScatterWalk in case the hardware needs to be fed separate chunks of the
147 scatterlist which contains the plaintext and will contain the
148 ciphertext. Please refer to the ScatterWalk interface offered by the
149 Linux kernel scatter / gather list implementation.
154 Example of transformations: crc32, md5, sha1, sha256,...
156 Registering And Unregistering The Transformation
157 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
159 There are multiple ways to register a HASH transformation, depending on
160 whether the transformation is synchronous [SHASH] or asynchronous
161 [AHASH] and the amount of HASH transformations we are registering. You
162 can find the prototypes defined in include/crypto/internal/hash.h:
166 int crypto_register_ahash(struct ahash_alg *alg);
168 int crypto_register_shash(struct shash_alg *alg);
169 int crypto_register_shashes(struct shash_alg *algs, int count);
172 The respective counterparts for unregistering the HASH transformation
177 int crypto_unregister_ahash(struct ahash_alg *alg);
179 int crypto_unregister_shash(struct shash_alg *alg);
180 int crypto_unregister_shashes(struct shash_alg *algs, int count);
183 Cipher Definition With struct shash_alg and ahash_alg
184 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
186 Here are schematics of how these functions are called when operated from
187 other part of the kernel. Note that the .setkey() call might happen
188 before or after any of these schematics happen, but must not happen
189 during any of these are in-flight. Please note that calling .init()
190 followed immediately by .finish() is also a perfectly valid
197 .init() -> .update() -> .final() ! .update() might not be called
198 ^ | | at all in this scenario.
201 II) DATA -----------.-----------.
203 .init() -> .update() -> .finup() ! .update() may not be called
204 ^ | | at all in this scenario.
207 III) DATA -----------.
209 .digest() ! The entire process is handled
210 | by the .digest() call.
211 '---------------> HASH
214 Here is a schematic of how the .export()/.import() functions are called
215 when used from another part of the kernel.
220 v v ! .update() may not be called
221 .setkey() -> .init() -> .update() -> .export() at all in this scenario.
223 '-----' '--> PARTIAL_HASH
225 ----------- other transformations happen here -----------
227 PARTIAL_HASH--. DATA1--.
229 .import -> .update() -> .final() ! .update() may not be called
230 ^ | | at all in this scenario.
233 PARTIAL_HASH--. DATA2-.
237 '---------------> HASH2
240 Specifics Of Asynchronous HASH Transformation
241 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
243 Some of the drivers will want to use the Generic ScatterWalk in case the
244 implementation needs to be fed separate chunks of the scatterlist which
245 contains the input data. The buffer containing the resulting hash will
246 always be properly aligned to .cra_alignmask so there is no need to