1 .. -*- coding: utf-8; mode: rst -*-
3 ********************************
4 Detailed Colorspace Descriptions
5 ********************************
10 Colorspace SMPTE 170M (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M)
11 =================================================
13 The :ref:`smpte170m` standard defines the colorspace used by NTSC and
14 PAL and by SDTV in general. The default transfer function is
15 ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
16 ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited
17 range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference
22 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
24 .. flat-table:: SMPTE 170M Chromaticities
41 * - White Reference (D65)
46 The red, green and blue chromaticities are also often referred to as the
47 SMPTE C set, so this colorspace is sometimes called SMPTE C as well.
49 The transfer function defined for SMPTE 170M is the same as the one
54 L' = -1.099(-L)^{0.45} + 0.099 \text{, for } L \le-0.018
56 L' = 4.5L \text{, for } -0.018 < L < 0.018
58 L' = 1.099L^{0.45} - 0.099 \text{, for } L \ge 0.018
60 Inverse Transfer function:
64 L = -\left( \frac{L' - 0.099}{-1.099} \right) ^{\frac{1}{0.45}} \text{, for } L' \le -0.081
66 L = \frac{L'}{4.5} \text{, for } -0.081 < L' < 0.081
68 L = \left(\frac{L' + 0.099}{1.099}\right)^{\frac{1}{0.45} } \text{, for } L' \ge 0.081
70 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
71 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
75 Y' = 0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B'
77 Cb = -0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B'
79 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B'
81 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
82 [-0.5…0.5]. This conversion to Y'CbCr is identical to the one defined in
83 the :ref:`itu601` standard and this colorspace is sometimes called
84 BT.601 as well, even though BT.601 does not mention any color primaries.
86 The default quantization is limited range, but full range is possible
92 Colorspace Rec. 709 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_REC709)
93 ============================================
95 The :ref:`itu709` standard defines the colorspace used by HDTV in
96 general. The default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The
97 default Y'CbCr encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709``. The default Y'CbCr
98 quantization is limited range. The chromaticities of the primary colors
99 and the white reference are:
103 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
105 .. flat-table:: Rec. 709 Chromaticities
122 * - White Reference (D65)
127 The full name of this standard is Rec. ITU-R BT.709-5.
129 Transfer function. Normally L is in the range [0…1], but for the
130 extended gamut xvYCC encoding values outside that range are allowed.
134 L' = -1.099(-L)^{0.45} + 0.099 \text{, for } L \le -0.018
136 L' = 4.5L \text{, for } -0.018 < L < 0.018
138 L' = 1.099L^{0.45} - 0.099 \text{, for } L \ge 0.018
140 Inverse Transfer function:
144 L = -\left( \frac{L' - 0.099}{-1.099} \right)^\frac{1}{0.45} \text{, for } L' \le -0.081
146 L = \frac{L'}{4.5}\text{, for } -0.081 < L' < 0.081
148 L = \left(\frac{L' + 0.099}{1.099}\right)^{\frac{1}{0.45} } \text{, for } L' \ge 0.081
150 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
151 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709`` encoding:
155 Y' = 0.2126R' + 0.7152G' + 0.0722B'
157 Cb = -0.1146R' - 0.3854G' + 0.5B'
159 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4542G' - 0.0458B'
161 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
164 The default quantization is limited range, but full range is possible
165 although rarely seen.
167 The ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709`` encoding described above is the default for
168 this colorspace, but it can be overridden with ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``,
169 in which case the BT.601 Y'CbCr encoding is used.
171 Two additional extended gamut Y'CbCr encodings are also possible with
174 The xvYCC 709 encoding (``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV709``, :ref:`xvycc`) is
175 similar to the Rec. 709 encoding, but it allows for R', G' and B' values
176 that are outside the range [0…1]. The resulting Y', Cb and Cr values are
181 Y' = \frac{219}{256} * (0.2126R' + 0.7152G' + 0.0722B') + \frac{16}{256}
183 Cb = \frac{224}{256} * (-0.1146R' - 0.3854G' + 0.5B')
185 Cr = \frac{224}{256} * (0.5R' - 0.4542G' - 0.0458B')
187 The xvYCC 601 encoding (``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601``, :ref:`xvycc`) is
188 similar to the BT.601 encoding, but it allows for R', G' and B' values
189 that are outside the range [0…1]. The resulting Y', Cb and Cr values are
194 Y' = \frac{219}{256} * (0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B') + \frac{16}{256}
196 Cb = \frac{224}{256} * (-0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B')
198 Cr = \frac{224}{256} * (0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B')
200 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
201 [-0.5…0.5]. The non-standard xvYCC 709 or xvYCC 601 encodings can be
202 used by selecting ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV709`` or ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601``.
203 The xvYCC encodings always use full range quantization.
208 Colorspace sRGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB)
209 ======================================
211 The :ref:`srgb` standard defines the colorspace used by most webcams
212 and computer graphics. The default transfer function is
213 ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
214 ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is full range.
215 The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference are:
219 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
221 .. flat-table:: sRGB Chromaticities
238 * - White Reference (D65)
243 These chromaticities are identical to the Rec. 709 colorspace.
245 Transfer function. Note that negative values for L are only used by the
250 L' = -1.055(-L)^{\frac{1}{2.4} } + 0.055\text{, for }L < -0.0031308
252 L' = 12.92L\text{, for }-0.0031308 \le L \le 0.0031308
254 L' = 1.055L ^{\frac{1}{2.4} } - 0.055\text{, for }0.0031308 < L \le 1
256 Inverse Transfer function:
260 L = -((-L' + 0.055) / 1.055) ^{2.4}\text{, for }L' < -0.04045
262 L = L' / 12.92\text{, for }-0.04045 \le L' \le 0.04045
264 L = ((L' + 0.055) / 1.055) ^{2.4}\text{, for }L' > 0.04045
266 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
267 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding as defined by :ref:`sycc`:
271 Y' = 0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B'
273 Cb = -0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B'
275 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B'
277 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
278 [-0.5…0.5]. This transform is identical to one defined in SMPTE
279 170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is full range.
284 Colorspace Adobe RGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_ADOBERGB)
285 ===============================================
287 The :ref:`adobergb` standard defines the colorspace used by computer
288 graphics that use the AdobeRGB colorspace. This is also known as the
289 :ref:`oprgb` standard. The default transfer function is
290 ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_ADOBERGB``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
291 ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is full
292 range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference
297 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
299 .. flat-table:: Adobe RGB Chromaticities
316 * - White Reference (D65)
326 L' = L ^{\frac{1}{2.19921875}}
328 Inverse Transfer function:
332 L = L'^{(2.19921875)}
334 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
335 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
339 Y' = 0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B'
341 Cb = -0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B'
343 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B'
345 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
346 [-0.5…0.5]. This transform is identical to one defined in SMPTE
347 170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is full range.
352 Colorspace BT.2020 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT2020)
353 ===========================================
355 The :ref:`itu2020` standard defines the colorspace used by Ultra-high
356 definition television (UHDTV). The default transfer function is
357 ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
358 ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020``. The default R'G'B' quantization is limited
359 range (!), and so is the default Y'CbCr quantization. The chromaticities
360 of the primary colors and the white reference are:
364 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
366 .. flat-table:: BT.2020 Chromaticities
383 * - White Reference (D65)
389 Transfer function (same as Rec. 709):
393 L' = 4.5L\text{, for }0 \le L < 0.018
395 L' = 1.099L ^{0.45} - 0.099\text{, for } 0.018 \le L \le 1
397 Inverse Transfer function:
401 L = L' / 4.5\text{, for } L' < 0.081
403 L = \left( \frac{L' + 0.099}{1.099}\right) ^{\frac{1}{0.45} }\text{, for } L' \ge 0.081
405 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
406 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020`` encoding:
410 Y' = 0.2627R' + 0.6780G' + 0.0593B'
412 Cb = -0.1396R' - 0.3604G' + 0.5B'
414 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4598G' - 0.0402B'
416 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
417 [-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range.
419 There is also an alternate constant luminance R'G'B' to Yc'CbcCrc
420 (``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020_CONST_LUM``) encoding:
428 Yc' = (0.2627R + 0.6780G + 0.0593B)'& \\
430 &Cbc = (B' - Yc') / 1.9404 \\
432 &Cbc = (B' - Yc') / 1.5816 \\
434 &Crc = (R' - Y') / 1.7184 \\
436 &Crc = (R' - Y') / 0.9936
439 Yc' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cbc and Crc are clamped to the
440 range [-0.5…0.5]. The Yc'CbcCrc quantization is limited range.
445 Colorspace DCI-P3 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_DCI_P3)
446 ==========================================
448 The :ref:`smpte431` standard defines the colorspace used by cinema
449 projectors that use the DCI-P3 colorspace. The default transfer function
450 is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_DCI_P3``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
451 ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited range.
455 Note that this colorspace standard does not specify a
456 Y'CbCr encoding since it is not meant to be encoded to Y'CbCr. So this
457 default Y'CbCr encoding was picked because it is the HDTV encoding.
459 The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference are:
463 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
465 .. flat-table:: DCI-P3 Chromaticities
492 L' = L^{\frac{1}{2.6}}
494 Inverse Transfer function:
500 Y'CbCr encoding is not specified. V4L2 defaults to Rec. 709.
505 Colorspace SMPTE 240M (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE240M)
506 =================================================
508 The :ref:`smpte240m` standard was an interim standard used during the
509 early days of HDTV (1988-1998). It has been superseded by Rec. 709. The
510 default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE240M``. The default
511 Y'CbCr encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SMPTE240M``. The default Y'CbCr
512 quantization is limited range. The chromaticities of the primary colors
513 and the white reference are:
517 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
519 .. flat-table:: SMPTE 240M Chromaticities
536 * - White Reference (D65)
541 These chromaticities are identical to the SMPTE 170M colorspace.
547 L' = 4L\text{, for } 0 \le L < 0.0228
549 L' = 1.1115L ^{0.45} - 0.1115\text{, for } 0.0228 \le L \le 1
551 Inverse Transfer function:
555 L = \frac{L'}{4}\text{, for } 0 \le L' < 0.0913
557 L = \left( \frac{L' + 0.1115}{1.1115}\right) ^{\frac{1}{0.45} }\text{, for } L' \ge 0.0913
559 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
560 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SMPTE240M`` encoding:
564 Y' = 0.2122R' + 0.7013G' + 0.0865B'
566 Cb = -0.1161R' - 0.3839G' + 0.5B'
568 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4451G' - 0.0549B'
570 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the
571 range [-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range.
576 Colorspace NTSC 1953 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M)
577 ===================================================
579 This standard defines the colorspace used by NTSC in 1953. In practice
580 this colorspace is obsolete and SMPTE 170M should be used instead. The
581 default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr
582 encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is
583 limited range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white
588 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
590 .. flat-table:: NTSC 1953 Chromaticities
607 * - White Reference (C)
614 This colorspace uses Illuminant C instead of D65 as the white
615 reference. To correctly convert an image in this colorspace to another
616 that uses D65 you need to apply a chromatic adaptation algorithm such as
619 The transfer function was never properly defined for NTSC 1953. The Rec.
620 709 transfer function is recommended in the literature:
624 L' = 4.5L\text{, for } 0 \le L < 0.018
626 L' = 1.099L ^{0.45} - 0.099\text{, for } 0.018 \le L \le 1
628 Inverse Transfer function:
632 L = \frac{L'}{4.5} \text{, for } L' < 0.081
634 L = \left( \frac{L' + 0.099}{1.099}\right) ^{\frac{1}{0.45} }\text{, for } L' \ge 0.081
636 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
637 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
641 Y' = 0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B'
643 Cb = -0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B'
645 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B'
647 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
648 [-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. This transform is
649 identical to one defined in SMPTE 170M/BT.601.
654 Colorspace EBU Tech. 3213 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG)
655 =========================================================
657 The :ref:`tech3213` standard defines the colorspace used by PAL/SECAM
658 in 1975. In practice this colorspace is obsolete and SMPTE 170M should
659 be used instead. The default transfer function is
660 ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
661 ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited
662 range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference
667 .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}|
669 .. flat-table:: EBU Tech. 3213 Chromaticities
686 * - White Reference (D65)
692 The transfer function was never properly defined for this colorspace.
693 The Rec. 709 transfer function is recommended in the literature:
697 L' = 4.5L\text{, for } 0 \le L < 0.018
699 L' = 1.099L ^{0.45} - 0.099\text{, for } 0.018 \le L \le 1
701 Inverse Transfer function:
705 L = \frac{L'}{4.5} \text{, for } L' < 0.081
707 L = \left(\frac{L' + 0.099}{1.099} \right) ^{\frac{1}{0.45} }\text{, for } L' \ge 0.081
709 The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
710 the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
714 Y' = 0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B'
716 Cb = -0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B'
718 Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B'
720 Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
721 [-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. This transform is
722 identical to one defined in SMPTE 170M/BT.601.
727 Colorspace JPEG (V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG)
728 ======================================
730 This colorspace defines the colorspace used by most (Motion-)JPEG
731 formats. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white
732 reference are identical to sRGB. The transfer function use is
733 ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB``. The Y'CbCr encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``
734 with full range quantization where Y' is scaled to [0…255] and Cb/Cr are
735 scaled to [-128…128] and then clipped to [-128…127].
739 The JPEG standard does not actually store colorspace
740 information. So if something other than sRGB is used, then the driver
741 will have to set that information explicitly. Effectively
742 ``V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG`` can be considered to be an abbreviation for
743 ``V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB``, ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` and
744 ``V4L2_QUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE``.