1 AMD64 specific boot options
3 There are many others (usually documented in driver documentation), but
4 only the AMD64 specific ones are listed here.
8 Please see Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck for sysfs runtime tunables.
13 Disable CMCI(Corrected Machine Check Interrupt) that
14 Intel processor supports. Usually this disablement is
15 not recommended, but it might be handy if your hardware
17 Note that you'll get more problems without CMCI than with
18 due to the shared banks, i.e. you might get duplicated
21 Don't make logs for corrected errors. All events reported
22 as corrected are silently cleared by OS.
23 This option will be useful if you have no interest in any
26 Disable features for corrected errors, e.g. polling timer
27 and CMCI. All events reported as corrected are not cleared
28 by OS and remained in its error banks.
29 Usually this disablement is not recommended, however if
30 there is an agent checking/clearing corrected errors
31 (e.g. BIOS or hardware monitoring applications), conflicting
32 with OS's error handling, and you cannot deactivate the agent,
33 then this option will be a help.
35 Enable logging of machine checks left over from booting.
36 Disabled by default on AMD because some BIOS leave bogus ones.
37 If your BIOS doesn't do that it's a good idea to enable though
38 to make sure you log even machine check events that result
39 in a reboot. On Intel systems it is enabled by default.
41 Disable boot machine check logging.
42 mce=tolerancelevel[,monarchtimeout] (number,number)
44 0: always panic on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
45 1: panic or SIGBUS on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
46 2: SIGBUS or log uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
47 3: never panic or SIGBUS, log all errors (for testing only)
49 Can be also set using sysfs which is preferable.
51 Sets the time in us to wait for other CPUs on machine checks. 0
53 mce=bios_cmci_threshold
54 Don't overwrite the bios-set CMCI threshold. This boot option
55 prevents Linux from overwriting the CMCI threshold set by the
56 bios. Without this option, Linux always sets the CMCI
57 threshold to 1. Enabling this may make memory predictive failure
58 analysis less effective if the bios sets thresholds for memory
59 errors since we will not see details for all errors.
61 nomce (for compatibility with i386): same as mce=off
63 Everything else is in sysfs now.
67 apic Use IO-APIC. Default
69 noapic Don't use the IO-APIC.
71 disableapic Don't use the local APIC
73 nolapic Don't use the local APIC (alias for i386 compatibility)
75 pirq=... See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt
77 noapictimer Don't set up the APIC timer
79 no_timer_check Don't check the IO-APIC timer. This can work around
80 problems with incorrect timer initialization on some boards.
82 Do APIC timer calibration using the pmtimer. Implies
83 apicmaintimer. Useful when your PIT timer is totally
89 Don't use the CPU time stamp counter to read the wall time.
90 This can be used to work around timing problems on multiprocessor systems
91 with not properly synchronized CPUs.
94 Don't use the HPET timer.
99 Don't do power saving in the idle loop using HLT, but poll for rescheduling
100 event. This will make the CPUs eat a lot more power, but may be useful
101 to get slightly better performance in multiprocessor benchmarks. It also
102 makes some profiling using performance counters more accurate.
103 Please note that on systems with MONITOR/MWAIT support (like Intel EM64T
104 CPUs) this option has no performance advantage over the normal idle loop.
105 It may also interact badly with hyperthreading.
109 reboot=b[ios] | t[riple] | k[bd] | a[cpi] | e[fi] [, [w]arm | [c]old]
110 bios Use the CPU reboot vector for warm reset
111 warm Don't set the cold reboot flag
112 cold Set the cold reboot flag
113 triple Force a triple fault (init)
114 kbd Use the keyboard controller. cold reset (default)
115 acpi Use the ACPI RESET_REG in the FADT. If ACPI is not configured or the
116 ACPI reset does not work, the reboot path attempts the reset using
117 the keyboard controller.
118 efi Use efi reset_system runtime service. If EFI is not configured or the
119 EFI reset does not work, the reboot path attempts the reset using
120 the keyboard controller.
122 Using warm reset will be much faster especially on big memory
123 systems because the BIOS will not go through the memory check.
124 Disadvantage is that not all hardware will be completely reinitialized
125 on reboot so there may be boot problems on some systems.
129 Don't stop other CPUs on reboot. This can make reboot more reliable
132 Non Executable Mappings
141 numa=off Only set up a single NUMA node spanning all memory.
143 numa=noacpi Don't parse the SRAT table for NUMA setup
146 If given as a memory unit, fills all system RAM with nodes of
147 size interleaved over physical nodes.
150 If given as an integer, fills all system RAM with N fake nodes
151 interleaved over physical nodes.
155 acpi=off Don't enable ACPI
156 acpi=ht Use ACPI boot table parsing, but don't enable ACPI
158 acpi=force Force ACPI on (currently not needed)
160 acpi=strict Disable out of spec ACPI workarounds.
162 acpi_sci={edge,level,high,low} Set up ACPI SCI interrupt.
164 acpi=noirq Don't route interrupts
166 acpi=nocmcff Disable firmware first mode for corrected errors. This
167 disables parsing the HEST CMC error source to check if
168 firmware has set the FF flag. This may result in
169 duplicate corrected error reports.
173 pci=off Don't use PCI
174 pci=conf1 Use conf1 access.
175 pci=conf2 Use conf2 access.
177 pci=assign-busses Assign busses
178 pci=irqmask=MASK Set PCI interrupt mask to MASK
179 pci=lastbus=NUMBER Scan up to NUMBER busses, no matter what the mptable says.
180 pci=noacpi Don't use ACPI to set up PCI interrupt routing.
182 IOMMU (input/output memory management unit)
184 Currently four x86-64 PCI-DMA mapping implementations exist:
186 1. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-nommu.c>: use no hardware/software IOMMU at all
187 (e.g. because you have < 3 GB memory).
188 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Disabling IOMMU"
190 2. <arch/x86/kernel/amd_gart_64.c>: AMD GART based hardware IOMMU.
191 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: using GART IOMMU"
193 3. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c> : Software IOMMU implementation. Used
194 e.g. if there is no hardware IOMMU in the system and it is need because
195 you have >3GB memory or told the kernel to us it (iommu=soft))
196 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering
199 4. <arch/x86_64/pci-calgary.c> : IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU. Used in IBM
200 pSeries and xSeries servers. This hardware IOMMU supports DMA address
201 mapping with memory protection, etc.
202 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using Calgary IOMMU"
204 iommu=[<size>][,noagp][,off][,force][,noforce][,leak[=<nr_of_leak_pages>]
205 [,memaper[=<order>]][,merge][,forcesac][,fullflush][,nomerge]
206 [,noaperture][,calgary]
208 General iommu options:
209 off Don't initialize and use any kind of IOMMU.
210 noforce Don't force hardware IOMMU usage when it is not needed.
212 force Force the use of the hardware IOMMU even when it is
213 not actually needed (e.g. because < 3 GB memory).
214 soft Use software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) (default for
215 Intel machines). This can be used to prevent the usage
216 of an available hardware IOMMU.
218 iommu options only relevant to the AMD GART hardware IOMMU:
219 <size> Set the size of the remapping area in bytes.
220 allowed Overwrite iommu off workarounds for specific chipsets.
221 fullflush Flush IOMMU on each allocation (default).
222 nofullflush Don't use IOMMU fullflush.
223 leak Turn on simple iommu leak tracing (only when
224 CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK is on). Default number of leak pages
226 memaper[=<order>] Allocate an own aperture over RAM with size 32MB<<order.
227 (default: order=1, i.e. 64MB)
228 merge Do scatter-gather (SG) merging. Implies "force"
230 nomerge Don't do scatter-gather (SG) merging.
231 noaperture Ask the IOMMU not to touch the aperture for AGP.
232 forcesac Force single-address cycle (SAC) mode for masks <40bits
234 noagp Don't initialize the AGP driver and use full aperture.
235 allowdac Allow double-address cycle (DAC) mode, i.e. DMA >4GB.
236 DAC is used with 32-bit PCI to push a 64-bit address in
237 two cycles. When off all DMA over >4GB is forced through
238 an IOMMU or software bounce buffering.
239 nodac Forbid DAC mode, i.e. DMA >4GB.
240 panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows.
241 calgary Use the Calgary IOMMU if it is available
243 iommu options only relevant to the software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) IOMMU
245 swiotlb=<pages>[,force]
246 <pages> Prereserve that many 128K pages for the software IO
248 force Force all IO through the software TLB.
250 Settings for the IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU currently found in IBM
251 pSeries and xSeries machines:
253 calgary=[64k,128k,256k,512k,1M,2M,4M,8M]
254 calgary=[translate_empty_slots]
255 calgary=[disable=<PCI bus number>]
256 panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows
258 64k,...,8M - Set the size of each PCI slot's translation table
259 when using the Calgary IOMMU. This is the size of the translation
260 table itself in main memory. The smallest table, 64k, covers an IO
261 space of 32MB; the largest, 8MB table, can cover an IO space of
262 4GB. Normally the kernel will make the right choice by itself.
264 translate_empty_slots - Enable translation even on slots that have
265 no devices attached to them, in case a device will be hotplugged
268 disable=<PCI bus number> - Disable translation on a given PHB. For
269 example, the built-in graphics adapter resides on the first bridge
270 (PCI bus number 0); if translation (isolation) is enabled on this
271 bridge, X servers that access the hardware directly from user
272 space might stop working. Use this option if you have devices that
273 are accessed from userspace directly on some PCI host bridge.
277 kstack=N Print N words from the kernel stack in oops dumps.
282 Do not use GB pages for kernel direct mappings.
284 Use GB pages for kernel direct mappings.