4 Device drivers can read the current time using ktime_get() and the many
5 related functions declared in linux/timekeeping.h. As a rule of thumb,
6 using an accessor with a shorter name is preferred over one with a longer
7 name if both are equally fit for a particular use case.
9 Basic ktime_t based interfaces
10 ------------------------------
12 The recommended simplest form returns an opaque ktime_t, with variants
13 that return time for different clock references:
16 .. c:function:: ktime_t ktime_get( void )
20 Useful for reliable timestamps and measuring short time intervals
21 accurately. Starts at system boot time but stops during suspend.
23 .. c:function:: ktime_t ktime_get_boottime( void )
27 Like ktime_get(), but does not stop when suspended. This can be
28 used e.g. for key expiration times that need to be synchronized
29 with other machines across a suspend operation.
31 .. c:function:: ktime_t ktime_get_real( void )
35 Returns the time in relative to the UNIX epoch starting in 1970
36 using the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), same as gettimeofday()
37 user space. This is used for all timestamps that need to
38 persist across a reboot, like inode times, but should be avoided
39 for internal uses, since it can jump backwards due to a leap
40 second update, NTP adjustment settimeofday() operation from user
43 .. c:function:: ktime_t ktime_get_clocktai( void )
47 Like ktime_get_real(), but uses the International Atomic Time (TAI)
48 reference instead of UTC to avoid jumping on leap second updates.
49 This is rarely useful in the kernel.
51 .. c:function:: ktime_t ktime_get_raw( void )
55 Like ktime_get(), but runs at the same rate as the hardware
56 clocksource without (NTP) adjustments for clock drift. This is
57 also rarely needed in the kernel.
59 nanosecond, timespec64, and second output
60 -----------------------------------------
62 For all of the above, there are variants that return the time in a
63 different format depending on what is required by the user:
65 .. c:function:: u64 ktime_get_ns( void )
66 u64 ktime_get_boottime_ns( void )
67 u64 ktime_get_real_ns( void )
68 u64 ktime_get_clocktai_ns( void )
69 u64 ktime_get_raw_ns( void )
71 Same as the plain ktime_get functions, but returning a u64 number
72 of nanoseconds in the respective time reference, which may be
73 more convenient for some callers.
75 .. c:function:: void ktime_get_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
76 void ktime_get_boottime_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
77 void ktime_get_real_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
78 void ktime_get_clocktai_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
79 void ktime_get_raw_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
81 Same above, but returns the time in a 'struct timespec64', split
82 into seconds and nanoseconds. This can avoid an extra division
83 when printing the time, or when passing it into an external
84 interface that expects a 'timespec' or 'timeval' structure.
86 .. c:function:: time64_t ktime_get_seconds( void )
87 time64_t ktime_get_boottime_seconds( void )
88 time64_t ktime_get_real_seconds( void )
89 time64_t ktime_get_clocktai_seconds( void )
90 time64_t ktime_get_raw_seconds( void )
92 Return a coarse-grained version of the time as a scalar
93 time64_t. This avoids accessing the clock hardware and rounds
94 down the seconds to the full seconds of the last timer tick
95 using the respective reference.
97 Coarse and fast_ns access
98 -------------------------
100 Some additional variants exist for more specialized cases:
102 .. c:function:: ktime_t ktime_get_coarse( void )
103 ktime_t ktime_get_coarse_boottime( void )
104 ktime_t ktime_get_coarse_real( void )
105 ktime_t ktime_get_coarse_clocktai( void )
107 .. c:function:: u64 ktime_get_coarse_ns( void )
108 u64 ktime_get_coarse_boottime_ns( void )
109 u64 ktime_get_coarse_real_ns( void )
110 u64 ktime_get_coarse_clocktai_ns( void )
112 .. c:function:: void ktime_get_coarse_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
113 void ktime_get_coarse_boottime_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
114 void ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
115 void ktime_get_coarse_clocktai_ts64( struct timespec64 * )
117 These are quicker than the non-coarse versions, but less accurate,
118 corresponding to CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE and CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE
119 in user space, along with the equivalent boottime/tai/raw
120 timebase not available in user space.
122 The time returned here corresponds to the last timer tick, which
123 may be as much as 10ms in the past (for CONFIG_HZ=100), same as
124 reading the 'jiffies' variable. These are only useful when called
125 in a fast path and one still expects better than second accuracy,
126 but can't easily use 'jiffies', e.g. for inode timestamps.
127 Skipping the hardware clock access saves around 100 CPU cycles
128 on most modern machines with a reliable cycle counter, but
129 up to several microseconds on older hardware with an external
132 .. c:function:: u64 ktime_get_mono_fast_ns( void )
133 u64 ktime_get_raw_fast_ns( void )
134 u64 ktime_get_boot_fast_ns( void )
135 u64 ktime_get_real_fast_ns( void )
137 These variants are safe to call from any context, including from
138 a non-maskable interrupt (NMI) during a timekeeper update, and
139 while we are entering suspend with the clocksource powered down.
140 This is useful in some tracing or debugging code as well as
141 machine check reporting, but most drivers should never call them,
142 since the time is allowed to jump under certain conditions.
144 Deprecated time interfaces
145 --------------------------
147 Older kernels used some other interfaces that are now being phased out
148 but may appear in third-party drivers being ported here. In particular,
149 all interfaces returning a 'struct timeval' or 'struct timespec' have
150 been replaced because the tv_sec member overflows in year 2038 on 32-bit
151 architectures. These are the recommended replacements:
153 .. c:function:: void ktime_get_ts( struct timespec * )
155 Use ktime_get() or ktime_get_ts64() instead.
157 .. c:function:: void do_gettimeofday( struct timeval * )
158 void getnstimeofday( struct timespec * )
159 void getnstimeofday64( struct timespec64 * )
160 void ktime_get_real_ts( struct timespec * )
162 ktime_get_real_ts64() is a direct replacement, but consider using
163 monotonic time (ktime_get_ts64()) and/or a ktime_t based interface
164 (ktime_get()/ktime_get_real()).
166 .. c:function:: struct timespec current_kernel_time( void )
167 struct timespec64 current_kernel_time64( void )
168 struct timespec get_monotonic_coarse( void )
169 struct timespec64 get_monotonic_coarse64( void )
171 These are replaced by ktime_get_coarse_real_ts64() and
172 ktime_get_coarse_ts64(). However, A lot of code that wants
173 coarse-grained times can use the simple 'jiffies' instead, while
174 some drivers may actually want the higher resolution accessors
177 .. c:function:: struct timespec getrawmonotonic( void )
178 struct timespec64 getrawmonotonic64( void )
179 struct timespec timekeeping_clocktai( void )
180 struct timespec64 timekeeping_clocktai64( void )
181 struct timespec get_monotonic_boottime( void )
182 struct timespec64 get_monotonic_boottime64( void )
184 These are replaced by ktime_get_raw()/ktime_get_raw_ts64(),
185 ktime_get_clocktai()/ktime_get_clocktai_ts64() as well
186 as ktime_get_boottime()/ktime_get_boottime_ts64().
187 However, if the particular choice of clock source is not
188 important for the user, consider converting to
189 ktime_get()/ktime_get_ts64() instead for consistency.