1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 =========================================
4 KUnit - Unit Testing for the Linux Kernel
5 =========================================
20 KUnit is a lightweight unit testing and mocking framework for the Linux kernel.
22 KUnit is heavily inspired by JUnit, Python's unittest.mock, and
23 Googletest/Googlemock for C++. KUnit provides facilities for defining unit test
24 cases, grouping related test cases into test suites, providing common
25 infrastructure for running tests, and much more.
27 KUnit consists of a kernel component, which provides a set of macros for easily
28 writing unit tests. Tests written against KUnit will run on kernel boot if
29 built-in, or when loaded if built as a module. These tests write out results to
30 the kernel log in `TAP <https://testanything.org/>`_ format.
32 To make running these tests (and reading the results) easier, KUnit offers
33 :doc:`kunit_tool <kunit-tool>`, which builds a `User Mode Linux
34 <http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net>`_ kernel, runs it, and parses the test
35 results. This provides a quick way of running KUnit tests during development,
36 without requiring a virtual machine or separate hardware.
38 Get started now: :doc:`start`
43 A unit test is supposed to test a single unit of code in isolation, hence the
44 name. A unit test should be the finest granularity of testing and as such should
45 allow all possible code paths to be tested in the code under test; this is only
46 possible if the code under test is very small and does not have any external
47 dependencies outside of the test's control like hardware.
49 KUnit provides a common framework for unit tests within the kernel.
51 KUnit tests can be run on most architectures, and most tests are architecture
52 independent. All built-in KUnit tests run on kernel startup. Alternatively,
53 KUnit and KUnit tests can be built as modules and tests will run when the test
58 KUnit can also run tests without needing a virtual machine or actual
59 hardware under User Mode Linux. User Mode Linux is a Linux architecture,
60 like ARM or x86, which compiles the kernel as a Linux executable. KUnit
61 can be used with UML either by building with ``ARCH=um`` (like any other
62 architecture), or by using :doc:`kunit_tool <kunit-tool>`.
64 KUnit is fast. Excluding build time, from invocation to completion KUnit can run
65 several dozen tests in only 10 to 20 seconds; this might not sound like a big
66 deal to some people, but having such fast and easy to run tests fundamentally
67 changes the way you go about testing and even writing code in the first place.
68 Linus himself said in his `git talk at Google
69 <https://gist.github.com/lorn/1272686/revisions#diff-53c65572127855f1b003db4064a94573R874>`_:
71 "... a lot of people seem to think that performance is about doing the
72 same thing, just doing it faster, and that is not true. That is not what
73 performance is all about. If you can do something really fast, really
74 well, people will start using it differently."
76 In this context Linus was talking about branching and merging,
77 but this point also applies to testing. If your tests are slow, unreliable, are
78 difficult to write, and require a special setup or special hardware to run,
79 then you wait a lot longer to write tests, and you wait a lot longer to run
80 tests; this means that tests are likely to break, unlikely to test a lot of
81 things, and are unlikely to be rerun once they pass. If your tests are really
82 fast, you run them all the time, every time you make a change, and every time
83 someone sends you some code. Why trust that someone ran all their tests
84 correctly on every change when you can just run them yourself in less time than
85 it takes to read their test log?
90 * :doc:`start` - for new users of KUnit
91 * :doc:`usage` - for a more detailed explanation of KUnit features
92 * :doc:`api/index` - for the list of KUnit APIs used for testing
93 * :doc:`kunit-tool` - for more information on the kunit_tool helper script
94 * :doc:`faq` - for answers to some common questions about KUnit