1 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
3 =====================================
4 Generic System Interconnect Subsystem
5 =====================================
10 This framework is designed to provide a standard kernel interface to control
11 the settings of the interconnects on an SoC. These settings can be throughput,
12 latency and priority between multiple interconnected devices or functional
13 blocks. This can be controlled dynamically in order to save power or provide
16 The interconnect bus is hardware with configurable parameters, which can be
17 set on a data path according to the requests received from various drivers.
18 An example of interconnect buses are the interconnects between various
19 components or functional blocks in chipsets. There can be multiple interconnects
20 on an SoC that can be multi-tiered.
22 Below is a simplified diagram of a real-world SoC interconnect bus topology.
26 +----------------+ +----------------+
27 | HW Accelerator |--->| M NoC |<---------------+
28 +----------------+ +----------------+ |
30 +-----+ +-------------+ V +------+ | |
31 | DDR | | +--------+ | PCIe | | |
32 +-----+ | | Slaves | +------+ | |
33 ^ ^ | +--------+ | | C NoC |
35 +------------------+ +------------------------+ | | +-----+
36 | |-->| |-->| |-->| CPU |
37 | |-->| |<--| | +-----+
38 | Mem NoC | | S NoC | +------------+
40 | |<--| |<------+ | | +--------+
41 +------------------+ +------------------------+ | | +-->| Slaves |
42 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | | +--------+
44 +------+ | +-----+ +-----+ +---------+ +----------------+ +--------+
45 | CPUs | | | GPU | | DSP | | Masters |-->| P NoC |-->| Slaves |
46 +------+ | +-----+ +-----+ +---------+ +----------------+ +--------+
55 Interconnect provider is the software definition of the interconnect hardware.
56 The interconnect providers on the above diagram are M NoC, S NoC, C NoC, P NoC
59 Interconnect node is the software definition of the interconnect hardware
60 port. Each interconnect provider consists of multiple interconnect nodes,
61 which are connected to other SoC components including other interconnect
62 providers. The point on the diagram where the CPUs connect to the memory is
63 called an interconnect node, which belongs to the Mem NoC interconnect provider.
65 Interconnect endpoints are the first or the last element of the path. Every
66 endpoint is a node, but not every node is an endpoint.
68 Interconnect path is everything between two endpoints including all the nodes
69 that have to be traversed to reach from a source to destination node. It may
70 include multiple master-slave pairs across several interconnect providers.
72 Interconnect consumers are the entities which make use of the data paths exposed
73 by the providers. The consumers send requests to providers requesting various
74 throughput, latency and priority. Usually the consumers are device drivers, that
75 send request based on their needs. An example for a consumer is a video decoder
76 that supports various formats and image sizes.
78 Interconnect providers
79 ----------------------
81 Interconnect provider is an entity that implements methods to initialize and
82 configure interconnect bus hardware. The interconnect provider drivers should
83 be registered with the interconnect provider core.
85 .. kernel-doc:: include/linux/interconnect-provider.h
87 Interconnect consumers
88 ----------------------
90 Interconnect consumers are the clients which use the interconnect APIs to
91 get paths between endpoints and set their bandwidth/latency/QoS requirements
92 for these interconnect paths. These interfaces are not currently
95 Interconnect debugfs interfaces
96 -------------------------------
98 Like several other subsystems interconnect will create some files for debugging
99 and introspection. Files in debugfs are not considered ABI so application
100 software shouldn't rely on format details change between kernel versions.
102 ``/sys/kernel/debug/interconnect/interconnect_summary``:
104 Show all interconnect nodes in the system with their aggregated bandwidth
105 request. Indented under each node show bandwidth requests from each device.
107 ``/sys/kernel/debug/interconnect/interconnect_graph``:
109 Show the interconnect graph in the graphviz dot format. It shows all
110 interconnect nodes and links in the system and groups together nodes from the
111 same provider as subgraphs. The format is human-readable and can also be piped
112 through dot to generate diagrams in many graphical formats::
114 $ cat /sys/kernel/debug/interconnect/interconnect_graph | \
115 dot -Tsvg > interconnect_graph.svg