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2 HIDRAW - Raw Access to USB and Bluetooth Human Interface Devices
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5 The hidraw driver provides a raw interface to USB and Bluetooth Human
6 Interface Devices (HIDs). It differs from hiddev in that reports sent and
7 received are not parsed by the HID parser, but are sent to and received from
10 Hidraw should be used if the userspace application knows exactly how to
11 communicate with the hardware device, and is able to construct the HID
12 reports manually. This is often the case when making userspace drivers for
15 Hidraw is also useful for communicating with non-conformant HID devices
16 which send and receive data in a way that is inconsistent with their report
17 descriptors. Because hiddev parses reports which are sent and received
18 through it, checking them against the device's report descriptor, such
19 communication with these non-conformant devices is impossible using hiddev.
20 Hidraw is the only alternative, short of writing a custom kernel driver, for
21 these non-conformant devices.
23 A benefit of hidraw is that its use by userspace applications is independent
24 of the underlying hardware type. Currently, Hidraw is implemented for USB
25 and Bluetooth. In the future, as new hardware bus types are developed which
26 use the HID specification, hidraw will be expanded to add support for these
29 Hidraw uses a dynamic major number, meaning that udev should be relied on to
30 create hidraw device nodes. Udev will typically create the device nodes
31 directly under /dev (eg: /dev/hidraw0). As this location is distribution-
32 and udev rule-dependent, applications should use libudev to locate hidraw
33 devices attached to the system. There is a tutorial on libudev with a
36 http://www.signal11.us/oss/udev/
43 read() will read a queued report received from the HID device. On USB
44 devices, the reports read using read() are the reports sent from the device
45 on the INTERRUPT IN endpoint. By default, read() will block until there is
46 a report available to be read. read() can be made non-blocking, by passing
47 the O_NONBLOCK flag to open(), or by setting the O_NONBLOCK flag using
50 On a device which uses numbered reports, the first byte of the returned data
51 will be the report number; the report data follows, beginning in the second
52 byte. For devices which do not use numbered reports, the report data
53 will begin at the first byte.
57 The write() function will write a report to the device. For USB devices, if
58 the device has an INTERRUPT OUT endpoint, the report will be sent on that
59 endpoint. If it does not, the report will be sent over the control endpoint,
60 using a SET_REPORT transfer.
62 The first byte of the buffer passed to write() should be set to the report
63 number. If the device does not use numbered reports, the first byte should
64 be set to 0. The report data itself should begin at the second byte.
68 Hidraw supports the following ioctls:
71 Get Report Descriptor Size
73 This ioctl will get the size of the device's report descriptor.
78 This ioctl returns the device's report descriptor using a
79 hidraw_report_descriptor struct. Make sure to set the size field of the
80 hidraw_report_descriptor struct to the size returned from HIDIOCGRDESCSIZE.
85 This ioctl will return a hidraw_devinfo struct containing the bus type, the
86 vendor ID (VID), and product ID (PID) of the device. The bus type can be one
94 which are defined in uapi/linux/input.h.
99 This ioctl returns a string containing the vendor and product strings of
100 the device. The returned string is Unicode, UTF-8 encoded.
105 This ioctl returns a string representing the physical address of the device.
106 For USB devices, the string contains the physical path to the device (the
107 USB controller, hubs, ports, etc). For Bluetooth devices, the string
108 contains the hardware (MAC) address of the device.
111 Send a Feature Report
113 This ioctl will send a feature report to the device. Per the HID
114 specification, feature reports are always sent using the control endpoint.
115 Set the first byte of the supplied buffer to the report number. For devices
116 which do not use numbered reports, set the first byte to 0. The report data
117 begins in the second byte. Make sure to set len accordingly, to one more
118 than the length of the report (to account for the report number).
123 This ioctl will request a feature report from the device using the control
124 endpoint. The first byte of the supplied buffer should be set to the report
125 number of the requested report. For devices which do not use numbered
126 reports, set the first byte to 0. The returned report buffer will contain the
127 report number in the first byte, followed by the report data read from the
128 device. For devices which do not use numbered reports, the report data will
129 begin at the first byte of the returned buffer.
134 This ioctl will send an input report to the device, using the control endpoint.
135 In most cases, setting an input HID report on a device is meaningless and has
136 no effect, but some devices may choose to use this to set or reset an initial
137 state of a report. The format of the buffer issued with this report is identical
138 to that of HIDIOCSFEATURE.
143 This ioctl will request an input report from the device using the control
144 endpoint. This is slower on most devices where a dedicated In endpoint exists
145 for regular input reports, but allows the host to request the value of a
146 specific report number. Typically, this is used to request the initial states of
147 an input report of a device, before an application listens for normal reports via
148 the regular device read() interface. The format of the buffer issued with this report
149 is identical to that of HIDIOCGFEATURE.
152 Send an Output Report
154 This ioctl will send an output report to the device, using the control endpoint.
155 This is slower on most devices where a dedicated Out endpoint exists for regular
156 output reports, but is added for completeness. Typically, this is used to set
157 the initial states of an output report of a device, before an application sends
158 updates via the regular device write() interface. The format of the buffer issued
159 with this report is identical to that of HIDIOCSFEATURE.
164 This ioctl will request an output report from the device using the control
165 endpoint. Typically, this is used to retrive the initial state of
166 an output report of a device, before an application updates it as necessary either
167 via a HIDIOCSOUTPUT request, or the regular device write() interface. The format
168 of the buffer issued with this report is identical to that of HIDIOCGFEATURE.
172 In samples/, find hid-example.c, which shows examples of read(), write(),
173 and all the ioctls for hidraw. The code may be used by anyone for any
174 purpose, and can serve as a starting point for developing applications using
179 Alan Ott <alan@signal11.us>, Signal 11 Software