1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
7 * Based on bootsect.S and setup.S
8 * modified by more people than can be counted
10 * Rewritten as a common file by H. Peter Anvin (Apr 2007)
12 * BIG FAT NOTE: We're in real mode using 64k segments. Therefore segment
13 * addresses must be multiplied by 16 to obtain their respective linear
14 * addresses. To avoid confusion, linear addresses are written using leading
15 * hex while segment addresses are written as segment:offset.
19 #include <asm/segment.h>
21 #include <asm/page_types.h>
22 #include <asm/setup.h>
23 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
28 BOOTSEG = 0x07C0 /* original address of boot-sector */
29 SYSSEG = 0x1000 /* historical load address >> 4 */
32 #define SVGA_MODE ASK_VGA
40 .section ".bstext", "ax"
42 .global bootsect_start
44 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
49 # Normalize the start address
50 ljmp $BOOTSEG, $start2
61 movw $bugger_off_msg, %si
73 # Allow the user to press a key, then reboot
78 # int 0x19 should never return. In case it does anyway,
79 # invoke the BIOS reset code...
82 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
85 # Offset to the PE header.
88 #endif /* CONFIG_EFI_STUB */
90 .section ".bsdata", "a"
92 .ascii "Use a boot loader.\r\n"
94 .ascii "Remove disk and press any key to reboot...\r\n"
97 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
103 .set image_file_add_flags, IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE
104 .set pe_opt_magic, PE_OPT_MAGIC_PE32
105 .word IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386
107 .set image_file_add_flags, 0
108 .set pe_opt_magic, PE_OPT_MAGIC_PE32PLUS
109 .word IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64
111 .word section_count # nr_sections
112 .long 0 # TimeDateStamp
113 .long 0 # PointerToSymbolTable
114 .long 1 # NumberOfSymbols
115 .word section_table - optional_header # SizeOfOptionalHeader
116 .word IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE | \
117 image_file_add_flags | \
118 IMAGE_FILE_DEBUG_STRIPPED | \
119 IMAGE_FILE_LINE_NUMS_STRIPPED # Characteristics
123 .byte 0x02 # MajorLinkerVersion
124 .byte 0x14 # MinorLinkerVersion
126 # Filled in by build.c
129 .long 0 # SizeOfInitializedData
130 .long 0 # SizeOfUninitializedData
132 # Filled in by build.c
133 .long 0x0000 # AddressOfEntryPoint
135 .long 0x0200 # BaseOfCode
141 # PE specification requires ImageBase to be 64k aligned
142 .set image_base, (LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR + 0xffff) & ~0xffff
144 .long image_base # ImageBase
146 .quad image_base # ImageBase
148 .long 0x20 # SectionAlignment
149 .long 0x20 # FileAlignment
150 .word 0 # MajorOperatingSystemVersion
151 .word 0 # MinorOperatingSystemVersion
152 .word LINUX_EFISTUB_MAJOR_VERSION # MajorImageVersion
153 .word LINUX_EFISTUB_MINOR_VERSION # MinorImageVersion
154 .word 0 # MajorSubsystemVersion
155 .word 0 # MinorSubsystemVersion
156 .long 0 # Win32VersionValue
159 # The size of the bzImage is written in tools/build.c
161 .long 0 # SizeOfImage
163 .long 0x200 # SizeOfHeaders
165 .word IMAGE_SUBSYSTEM_EFI_APPLICATION # Subsystem (EFI application)
166 .word 0 # DllCharacteristics
168 .long 0 # SizeOfStackReserve
169 .long 0 # SizeOfStackCommit
170 .long 0 # SizeOfHeapReserve
171 .long 0 # SizeOfHeapCommit
173 .quad 0 # SizeOfStackReserve
174 .quad 0 # SizeOfStackCommit
175 .quad 0 # SizeOfHeapReserve
176 .quad 0 # SizeOfHeapCommit
178 .long 0 # LoaderFlags
179 .long (section_table - .) / 8 # NumberOfRvaAndSizes
181 .quad 0 # ExportTable
182 .quad 0 # ImportTable
183 .quad 0 # ResourceTable
184 .quad 0 # ExceptionTable
185 .quad 0 # CertificationTable
186 .quad 0 # BaseRelocationTable
191 # The offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
197 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
198 .long 0 # Size of initialized data
200 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
201 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
202 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
203 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
204 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
205 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | \
206 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
207 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | \
208 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES # Characteristics
211 # The EFI application loader requires a relocation section
212 # because EFI applications must be relocatable. The .reloc
213 # offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
220 .long 0 # SizeOfRawData
221 .long 0 # PointerToRawData
222 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
223 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
224 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
225 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
226 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | \
227 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
228 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE | \
229 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES # Characteristics
231 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_MIXED
233 # The offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
238 .long 0 # Size of initialized data
241 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
242 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
243 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
244 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
245 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | \
246 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
247 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE | \
248 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_1BYTES # Characteristics
252 # The offset & size fields are filled in by build.c.
259 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
260 .long 0 # Size of initialized data
262 .long 0x0 # startup_{32,64}
263 .long 0 # PointerToRelocations
264 .long 0 # PointerToLineNumbers
265 .word 0 # NumberOfRelocations
266 .word 0 # NumberOfLineNumbers
267 .long IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | \
268 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | \
269 IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | \
270 IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_16BYTES # Characteristics
272 .set section_count, (. - section_table) / 40
273 #endif /* CONFIG_EFI_STUB */
275 # Kernel attributes; used by setup. This is part 1 of the
276 # header, from the old boot sector.
278 .section ".header", "a"
280 sentinel: .byte 0xff, 0xff /* Used to detect broken loaders */
284 setup_sects: .byte 0 /* Filled in by build.c */
285 root_flags: .word ROOT_RDONLY
286 syssize: .long 0 /* Filled in by build.c */
287 ram_size: .word 0 /* Obsolete */
288 vid_mode: .word SVGA_MODE
289 root_dev: .word 0 /* Filled in by build.c */
290 boot_flag: .word 0xAA55
292 # offset 512, entry point
296 # Explicitly enter this as bytes, or the assembler
297 # tries to generate a 3-byte jump here, which causes
298 # everything else to push off to the wrong offset.
299 .byte 0xeb # short (2-byte) jump
300 .byte start_of_setup-1f
303 # Part 2 of the header, from the old setup.S
305 .ascii "HdrS" # header signature
306 .word 0x020f # header version number (>= 0x0105)
307 # or else old loadlin-1.5 will fail)
308 .globl realmode_swtch
309 realmode_swtch: .word 0, 0 # default_switch, SETUPSEG
310 start_sys_seg: .word SYSSEG # obsolete and meaningless, but just
311 # in case something decided to "use" it
312 .word kernel_version-512 # pointing to kernel version string
313 # above section of header is compatible
314 # with loadlin-1.5 (header v1.5). Don't
317 type_of_loader: .byte 0 # 0 means ancient bootloader, newer
318 # bootloaders know to change this.
319 # See Documentation/x86/boot.rst for
322 # flags, unused bits must be zero (RFU) bit within loadflags
324 .byte LOADED_HIGH # The kernel is to be loaded high
326 setup_move_size: .word 0x8000 # size to move, when setup is not
327 # loaded at 0x90000. We will move setup
328 # to 0x90000 then just before jumping
329 # into the kernel. However, only the
330 # loader knows how much data behind
331 # us also needs to be loaded.
333 code32_start: # here loaders can put a different
334 # start address for 32-bit code.
335 .long 0x100000 # 0x100000 = default for big kernel
337 ramdisk_image: .long 0 # address of loaded ramdisk image
338 # Here the loader puts the 32-bit
339 # address where it loaded the image.
340 # This only will be read by the kernel.
342 ramdisk_size: .long 0 # its size in bytes
347 heap_end_ptr: .word _end+STACK_SIZE-512
348 # (Header version 0x0201 or later)
349 # space from here (exclusive) down to
350 # end of setup code can be used by setup
351 # for local heap purposes.
354 .byte 0 # Extended boot loader version
356 .byte 0 # Extended boot loader type
358 cmd_line_ptr: .long 0 # (Header version 0x0202 or later)
359 # If nonzero, a 32-bit pointer
360 # to the kernel command line.
361 # The command line should be
362 # located between the start of
363 # setup and the end of low
364 # memory (0xa0000), or it may
365 # get overwritten before it
366 # gets read. If this field is
367 # used, there is no longer
368 # anything magical about the
369 # 0x90000 segment; the setup
370 # can be located anywhere in
371 # low memory 0x10000 or higher.
373 initrd_addr_max: .long 0x7fffffff
374 # (Header version 0x0203 or later)
375 # The highest safe address for
376 # the contents of an initrd
377 # The current kernel allows up to 4 GB,
378 # but leave it at 2 GB to avoid
379 # possible bootloader bugs.
381 kernel_alignment: .long CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN #physical addr alignment
382 #required for protected mode
384 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
385 relocatable_kernel: .byte 1
387 relocatable_kernel: .byte 0
389 min_alignment: .byte MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN_LG2 # minimum alignment
393 # define XLF0 XLF_KERNEL_64 /* 64-bit kernel */
398 #if defined(CONFIG_RELOCATABLE) && defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
399 /* kernel/boot_param/ramdisk could be loaded above 4g */
400 # define XLF1 XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G
405 #ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
406 # ifdef CONFIG_EFI_MIXED
407 # define XLF23 (XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_32|XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_64)
409 # ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
410 # define XLF23 XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_64 /* 64-bit EFI handover ok */
412 # define XLF23 XLF_EFI_HANDOVER_32 /* 32-bit EFI handover ok */
419 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(CONFIG_EFI) && defined(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE)
420 # define XLF4 XLF_EFI_KEXEC
426 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL
427 #define XLF56 (XLF_5LEVEL|XLF_5LEVEL_ENABLED)
429 #define XLF56 XLF_5LEVEL
435 .word XLF0 | XLF1 | XLF23 | XLF4 | XLF56
437 cmdline_size: .long COMMAND_LINE_SIZE-1 #length of the command line,
438 #added with boot protocol
441 hardware_subarch: .long 0 # subarchitecture, added with 2.07
442 # default to 0 for normal x86 PC
444 hardware_subarch_data: .quad 0
446 payload_offset: .long ZO_input_data
447 payload_length: .long ZO_z_input_len
449 setup_data: .quad 0 # 64-bit physical pointer to
450 # single linked list of
453 pref_address: .quad LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR # preferred load addr
456 # Getting to provably safe in-place decompression is hard. Worst case
457 # behaviours need to be analyzed. Here let's take the decompression of
458 # a gzip-compressed kernel as example, to illustrate it:
460 # The file layout of gzip compressed kernel is:
468 # compressed data blocks[N]
471 # ... resulting in +18 bytes overhead of uncompressed data.
473 # (For more information, please refer to RFC 1951 and RFC 1952.)
475 # Files divided into blocks
476 # 1 bit (last block flag)
477 # 2 bits (block type)
479 # 1 block occurs every 32K -1 bytes or when there 50% compression
480 # has been achieved. The smallest block type encoding is always used.
483 # 32 bits length in bytes.
490 # dynamic tree encoding.
494 # The buffer for decompression in place is the length of the uncompressed
495 # data, plus a small amount extra to keep the algorithm safe. The
496 # compressed data is placed at the end of the buffer. The output pointer
497 # is placed at the start of the buffer and the input pointer is placed
498 # where the compressed data starts. Problems will occur when the output
499 # pointer overruns the input pointer.
501 # The output pointer can only overrun the input pointer if the input
502 # pointer is moving faster than the output pointer. A condition only
503 # triggered by data whose compressed form is larger than the uncompressed
506 # The worst case at the block level is a growth of the compressed data
507 # of 5 bytes per 32767 bytes.
509 # The worst case internal to a compressed block is very hard to figure.
510 # The worst case can at least be bounded by having one bit that represents
511 # 32764 bytes and then all of the rest of the bytes representing the very
514 # All of which is enough to compute an amount of extra data that is required
515 # to be safe. To avoid problems at the block level allocating 5 extra bytes
516 # per 32767 bytes of data is sufficient. To avoid problems internal to a
517 # block adding an extra 32767 bytes (the worst case uncompressed block size)
518 # is sufficient, to ensure that in the worst case the decompressed data for
519 # block will stop the byte before the compressed data for a block begins.
520 # To avoid problems with the compressed data's meta information an extra 18
521 # bytes are needed. Leading to the formula:
523 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 32768 + 18
525 # Adding 8 bytes per 32K is a bit excessive but much easier to calculate.
526 # Adding 32768 instead of 32767 just makes for round numbers.
528 # Above analysis is for decompressing gzip compressed kernel only. Up to
529 # now 6 different decompressor are supported all together. And among them
530 # xz stores data in chunks and has maximum chunk of 64K. Hence safety
531 # margin should be updated to cover all decompressors so that we don't
532 # need to deal with each of them separately. Please check
533 # the description in lib/decompressor_xxx.c for specific information.
535 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 12) + 65536 + 128
537 # LZ4 is even worse: data that cannot be further compressed grows by 0.4%,
538 # or one byte per 256 bytes. OTOH, we can safely get rid of the +128 as
539 # the size-dependent part now grows so fast.
541 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 8) + 65536
543 # ZSTD compressed data grows by at most 3 bytes per 128K, and only has a 22
544 # byte fixed overhead but has a maximum block size of 128K, so it needs a
547 # extra_bytes = (uncompressed_size >> 8) + 131072
549 #define ZO_z_extra_bytes ((ZO_z_output_len >> 8) + 131072)
550 #if ZO_z_output_len > ZO_z_input_len
551 # define ZO_z_extract_offset (ZO_z_output_len + ZO_z_extra_bytes - \
554 # define ZO_z_extract_offset ZO_z_extra_bytes
558 * The extract_offset has to be bigger than ZO head section. Otherwise when
559 * the head code is running to move ZO to the end of the buffer, it will
560 * overwrite the head code itself.
562 #if (ZO__ehead - ZO_startup_32) > ZO_z_extract_offset
563 # define ZO_z_min_extract_offset ((ZO__ehead - ZO_startup_32 + 4095) & ~4095)
565 # define ZO_z_min_extract_offset ((ZO_z_extract_offset + 4095) & ~4095)
568 #define ZO_INIT_SIZE (ZO__end - ZO_startup_32 + ZO_z_min_extract_offset)
570 #define VO_INIT_SIZE (VO__end - VO__text)
571 #if ZO_INIT_SIZE > VO_INIT_SIZE
572 # define INIT_SIZE ZO_INIT_SIZE
574 # define INIT_SIZE VO_INIT_SIZE
577 init_size: .long INIT_SIZE # kernel initialization size
578 handover_offset: .long 0 # Filled in by build.c
579 kernel_info_offset: .long 0 # Filled in by build.c
581 # End of setup header #####################################################
583 .section ".entrytext", "ax"
590 # Apparently some ancient versions of LILO invoked the kernel with %ss != %ds,
591 # which happened to work by accident for the old code. Recalculate the stack
592 # pointer if %ss is invalid. Otherwise leave it alone, LOADLIN sets up the
593 # stack behind its own code, so we can't blindly put it directly past the heap.
596 cmpw %ax, %dx # %ds == %ss?
598 je 2f # -> assume %sp is reasonably set
600 # Invalid %ss, make up a new stack
602 testb $CAN_USE_HEAP, loadflags
604 movw heap_end_ptr, %dx
605 1: addw $STACK_SIZE, %dx
607 xorw %dx, %dx # Prevent wraparound
609 2: # Now %dx should point to the end of our stack space
610 andw $~3, %dx # dword align (might as well...)
612 movw $0xfffc, %dx # Make sure we're not zero
614 movzwl %dx, %esp # Clear upper half of %esp
615 sti # Now we should have a working stack
617 # We will have entered with %cs = %ds+0x20, normalize %cs so
618 # it is on par with the other segments.
624 # Check signature at end of setup
625 cmpl $0x5a5aaa55, setup_sig
629 movw $__bss_start, %di
636 # Jump to C code (should not return)
639 # Setup corrupt somehow...
641 movl $setup_corrupt, %eax
653 .section ".initdata", "a"
656 .string "No setup signature found...\n"