1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
2 /*****************************************************************************/
5 * baycom_ser_hdx.c -- baycom ser12 halfduplex radio modem driver.
7 * Copyright (C) 1996-2000 Thomas Sailer (sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch)
9 * Please note that the GPL allows you to use the driver, NOT the radio.
10 * In order to use the radio, you need a license from the communications
11 * authority of your country.
15 * ser12: This is a very simple 1200 baud AFSK modem. The modem consists only
16 * of a modulator/demodulator chip, usually a TI TCM3105. The computer
17 * is responsible for regenerating the receiver bit clock, as well as
18 * for handling the HDLC protocol. The modem connects to a serial port,
19 * hence the name. Since the serial port is not used as an async serial
20 * port, the kernel driver for serial ports cannot be used, and this
21 * driver only supports standard serial hardware (8250, 16450, 16550A)
23 * Command line options (insmod command line)
25 * mode ser12 hardware DCD
27 * ser12@ hardware/software DCD, i.e. no explicit DCD signal but hardware
28 * mutes audio input to the modem
29 * ser12+ hardware DCD, inverted signal at DCD pin
30 * iobase base address of the port; common values are 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8
31 * irq interrupt line of the port; common values are 4,3
34 * 0.1 26.06.1996 Adapted from baycom.c and made network driver interface
35 * 18.10.1996 Changed to new user space access routines (copy_{to,from}_user)
36 * 0.3 26.04.1997 init code/data tagged
37 * 0.4 08.07.1997 alternative ser12 decoding algorithm (uses delta CTS ints)
38 * 0.5 11.11.1997 ser12/par96 split into separate files
39 * 0.6 14.04.1998 cleanups
40 * 0.7 03.08.1999 adapt to Linus' new __setup/__initcall
41 * 0.8 10.08.1999 use module_init/module_exit
42 * 0.9 12.02.2000 adapted to softnet driver interface
43 * 0.10 03.07.2000 fix interface name handling
46 /*****************************************************************************/
48 #include <linux/capability.h>
49 #include <linux/module.h>
50 #include <linux/ioport.h>
51 #include <linux/string.h>
52 #include <linux/init.h>
53 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
54 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
56 #include <linux/hdlcdrv.h>
57 #include <linux/baycom.h>
58 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
60 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
64 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
66 static const char bc_drvname
[] = "baycom_ser_hdx";
67 static const char bc_drvinfo
[] = KERN_INFO
"baycom_ser_hdx: (C) 1996-2000 Thomas Sailer, HB9JNX/AE4WA\n"
68 "baycom_ser_hdx: version 0.10\n";
70 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
74 static struct net_device
*baycom_device
[NR_PORTS
];
76 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
78 #define RBR(iobase) (iobase+0)
79 #define THR(iobase) (iobase+0)
80 #define IER(iobase) (iobase+1)
81 #define IIR(iobase) (iobase+2)
82 #define FCR(iobase) (iobase+2)
83 #define LCR(iobase) (iobase+3)
84 #define MCR(iobase) (iobase+4)
85 #define LSR(iobase) (iobase+5)
86 #define MSR(iobase) (iobase+6)
87 #define SCR(iobase) (iobase+7)
88 #define DLL(iobase) (iobase+0)
89 #define DLM(iobase) (iobase+1)
91 #define SER12_EXTENT 8
93 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
95 * Information that need to be kept for each board.
99 struct hdlcdrv_state hdrv
;
107 struct modem_state_ser12
{
108 unsigned char tx_bit
;
109 int dcd_sum0
, dcd_sum1
, dcd_sum2
;
110 unsigned char last_sample
;
111 unsigned char last_rxbit
;
112 unsigned int dcd_shreg
;
113 unsigned int dcd_time
;
114 unsigned int bit_pll
;
115 unsigned char interm_sample
;
121 unsigned long last_jiffies
;
123 unsigned last_intcnt
;
127 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
130 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
132 static inline void baycom_int_freq(struct baycom_state
*bc
)
135 unsigned long cur_jiffies
= jiffies
;
137 * measure the interrupt frequency
139 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_intcnt
++;
140 if (time_after_eq(cur_jiffies
, bc
->debug_vals
.last_jiffies
+ HZ
)) {
141 bc
->debug_vals
.last_jiffies
= cur_jiffies
;
142 bc
->debug_vals
.last_intcnt
= bc
->debug_vals
.cur_intcnt
;
143 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_intcnt
= 0;
144 bc
->debug_vals
.last_pllcorr
= bc
->debug_vals
.cur_pllcorr
;
145 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_pllcorr
= 0;
147 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
150 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
152 * ===================== SER12 specific routines =========================
155 static inline void ser12_set_divisor(struct net_device
*dev
,
156 unsigned char divisor
)
158 outb(0x81, LCR(dev
->base_addr
)); /* DLAB = 1 */
159 outb(divisor
, DLL(dev
->base_addr
));
160 outb(0, DLM(dev
->base_addr
));
161 outb(0x01, LCR(dev
->base_addr
)); /* word length = 6 */
163 * make sure the next interrupt is generated;
164 * 0 must be used to power the modem; the modem draws its
165 * power from the TxD line
167 outb(0x00, THR(dev
->base_addr
));
169 * it is important not to set the divider while transmitting;
170 * this reportedly makes some UARTs generating interrupts
171 * in the hundredthousands per second region
172 * Reported by: Ignacio.Arenaza@studi.epfl.ch (Ignacio Arenaza Nuno)
176 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
179 * must call the TX arbitrator every 10ms
181 #define SER12_ARB_DIVIDER(bc) (bc->opt_dcd ? 24 : 36)
183 #define SER12_DCD_INTERVAL(bc) (bc->opt_dcd ? 12 : 240)
185 static inline void ser12_tx(struct net_device
*dev
, struct baycom_state
*bc
)
187 /* one interrupt per channel bit */
188 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 12);
190 * first output the last bit (!) then call HDLC transmitter,
191 * since this may take quite long
193 outb(0x0e | (!!bc
->modem
.ser12
.tx_bit
), MCR(dev
->base_addr
));
194 if (bc
->modem
.shreg
<= 1)
195 bc
->modem
.shreg
= 0x10000 | hdlcdrv_getbits(&bc
->hdrv
);
196 bc
->modem
.ser12
.tx_bit
= !(bc
->modem
.ser12
.tx_bit
^
197 (bc
->modem
.shreg
& 1));
198 bc
->modem
.shreg
>>= 1;
201 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
203 static inline void ser12_rx(struct net_device
*dev
, struct baycom_state
*bc
)
209 cur_s
= inb(MSR(dev
->base_addr
)) & 0x10; /* the CTS line */
210 hdlcdrv_channelbit(&bc
->hdrv
, cur_s
);
211 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
= (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
<< 1) |
212 (cur_s
!= bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_sample
);
213 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_sample
= cur_s
;
214 if(bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 1) {
216 unsigned int dcdspos
, dcdsneg
;
218 dcdspos
= dcdsneg
= 0;
219 dcdspos
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 1) & 1);
220 if (!(bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 0x7ffffffe))
222 dcdsneg
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 2) & 1);
223 dcdsneg
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 3) & 1);
224 dcdsneg
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 4) & 1);
226 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
+= 16*dcdspos
- dcdsneg
;
228 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
--;
230 if(!bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_time
) {
231 hdlcdrv_setdcd(&bc
->hdrv
, (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
+
232 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum1
+
233 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum2
) < 0);
234 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum2
= bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum1
;
235 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum1
= bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
;
236 /* offset to ensure DCD off on silent input */
237 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
= 2;
238 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_time
= SER12_DCD_INTERVAL(bc
);
240 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_time
--;
243 * PLL code for the improved software DCD algorithm
245 if (bc
->modem
.ser12
.interm_sample
) {
247 * intermediate sample; set timing correction to normal
249 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 4);
252 * do PLL correction and call HDLC receiver
254 switch (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 7) {
255 case 1: /* transition too late */
256 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 5);
258 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_pllcorr
++;
259 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
261 case 4: /* transition too early */
262 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 3);
264 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_pllcorr
--;
265 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
268 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 4);
271 bc
->modem
.shreg
>>= 1;
272 if (bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_sample
==
273 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_rxbit
)
274 bc
->modem
.shreg
|= 0x10000;
275 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_rxbit
=
276 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_sample
;
278 if (++bc
->modem
.ser12
.interm_sample
>= 3)
279 bc
->modem
.ser12
.interm_sample
= 0;
283 if (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 1) {
284 unsigned int dcdspos
, dcdsneg
;
286 dcdspos
= dcdsneg
= 0;
287 dcdspos
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 1) & 1);
288 dcdspos
+= (!(bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 0x7ffffffe))
290 dcdsneg
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 2) & 1);
291 dcdsneg
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 3) & 1);
292 dcdsneg
+= ((bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
>> 4) & 1);
294 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
+= 16*dcdspos
- dcdsneg
;
298 * PLL algorithm for the hardware squelch DCD algorithm
300 if (bc
->modem
.ser12
.interm_sample
) {
302 * intermediate sample; set timing correction to normal
304 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 6);
307 * do PLL correction and call HDLC receiver
309 switch (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 3) {
310 case 1: /* transition too late */
311 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 7);
313 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_pllcorr
++;
314 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
316 case 2: /* transition too early */
317 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 5);
319 bc
->debug_vals
.cur_pllcorr
--;
320 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
323 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, 6);
326 bc
->modem
.shreg
>>= 1;
327 if (bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_sample
==
328 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_rxbit
)
329 bc
->modem
.shreg
|= 0x10000;
330 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_rxbit
=
331 bc
->modem
.ser12
.last_sample
;
333 bc
->modem
.ser12
.interm_sample
= !bc
->modem
.ser12
.interm_sample
;
337 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
-= (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_shreg
& 1);
339 outb(0x0d, MCR(dev
->base_addr
)); /* transmitter off */
340 if (bc
->modem
.shreg
& 1) {
341 hdlcdrv_putbits(&bc
->hdrv
, bc
->modem
.shreg
>> 1);
342 bc
->modem
.shreg
= 0x10000;
344 if(!bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_time
) {
346 hdlcdrv_setdcd(&bc
->hdrv
, !((inb(MSR(dev
->base_addr
)) ^ bc
->opt_dcd
) & 0x80));
348 hdlcdrv_setdcd(&bc
->hdrv
, (bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
+
349 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum1
+
350 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum2
) < 0);
351 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum2
= bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum1
;
352 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum1
= bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
;
353 /* offset to ensure DCD off on silent input */
354 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_sum0
= 2;
355 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_time
= SER12_DCD_INTERVAL(bc
);
357 bc
->modem
.ser12
.dcd_time
--;
360 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
362 static irqreturn_t
ser12_interrupt(int irq
, void *dev_id
)
364 struct net_device
*dev
= (struct net_device
*)dev_id
;
365 struct baycom_state
*bc
= netdev_priv(dev
);
368 if (!dev
|| !bc
|| bc
->hdrv
.magic
!= HDLCDRV_MAGIC
)
371 if ((iir
= inb(IIR(dev
->base_addr
))) & 1)
377 inb(LSR(dev
->base_addr
));
381 inb(RBR(dev
->base_addr
));
386 * check if transmitter active
388 if (hdlcdrv_ptt(&bc
->hdrv
))
392 bc
->modem
.arb_divider
--;
394 outb(0x00, THR(dev
->base_addr
));
398 inb(MSR(dev
->base_addr
));
401 iir
= inb(IIR(dev
->base_addr
));
402 } while (!(iir
& 1));
403 if (bc
->modem
.arb_divider
<= 0) {
404 bc
->modem
.arb_divider
= SER12_ARB_DIVIDER(bc
);
406 hdlcdrv_arbitrate(dev
, &bc
->hdrv
);
409 hdlcdrv_transmitter(dev
, &bc
->hdrv
);
410 hdlcdrv_receiver(dev
, &bc
->hdrv
);
415 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
417 enum uart
{ c_uart_unknown
, c_uart_8250
,
418 c_uart_16450
, c_uart_16550
, c_uart_16550A
};
419 static const char *uart_str
[] = {
420 "unknown", "8250", "16450", "16550", "16550A"
423 static enum uart
ser12_check_uart(unsigned int iobase
)
425 unsigned char b1
,b2
,b3
;
427 enum uart uart_tab
[] =
428 { c_uart_16450
, c_uart_unknown
, c_uart_16550
, c_uart_16550A
};
430 b1
= inb(MCR(iobase
));
431 outb(b1
| 0x10, MCR(iobase
)); /* loopback mode */
432 b2
= inb(MSR(iobase
));
433 outb(0x1a, MCR(iobase
));
434 b3
= inb(MSR(iobase
)) & 0xf0;
435 outb(b1
, MCR(iobase
)); /* restore old values */
436 outb(b2
, MSR(iobase
));
438 return c_uart_unknown
;
441 outb(0x01, FCR(iobase
)); /* enable FIFOs */
442 u
= uart_tab
[(inb(IIR(iobase
)) >> 6) & 3];
443 if (u
== c_uart_16450
) {
444 outb(0x5a, SCR(iobase
));
445 b1
= inb(SCR(iobase
));
446 outb(0xa5, SCR(iobase
));
447 b2
= inb(SCR(iobase
));
448 if ((b1
!= 0x5a) || (b2
!= 0xa5))
454 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
456 static int ser12_open(struct net_device
*dev
)
458 struct baycom_state
*bc
= netdev_priv(dev
);
463 if (!dev
->base_addr
|| dev
->base_addr
> 0x1000-SER12_EXTENT
||
464 dev
->irq
< 2 || dev
->irq
> 15)
466 if (!request_region(dev
->base_addr
, SER12_EXTENT
, "baycom_ser12"))
468 memset(&bc
->modem
, 0, sizeof(bc
->modem
));
469 bc
->hdrv
.par
.bitrate
= 1200;
470 if ((u
= ser12_check_uart(dev
->base_addr
)) == c_uart_unknown
) {
471 release_region(dev
->base_addr
, SER12_EXTENT
);
474 outb(0, FCR(dev
->base_addr
)); /* disable FIFOs */
475 outb(0x0d, MCR(dev
->base_addr
));
476 outb(0, IER(dev
->base_addr
));
477 if (request_irq(dev
->irq
, ser12_interrupt
, IRQF_SHARED
,
478 "baycom_ser12", dev
)) {
479 release_region(dev
->base_addr
, SER12_EXTENT
);
483 * enable transmitter empty interrupt
485 outb(2, IER(dev
->base_addr
));
487 * set the SIO to 6 Bits/character and 19200 or 28800 baud, so that
488 * we get exactly (hopefully) 2 or 3 interrupts per radio symbol,
489 * depending on the usage of the software DCD routine
491 ser12_set_divisor(dev
, bc
->opt_dcd
? 6 : 4);
492 printk(KERN_INFO
"%s: ser12 at iobase 0x%lx irq %u uart %s\n",
493 bc_drvname
, dev
->base_addr
, dev
->irq
, uart_str
[u
]);
497 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
499 static int ser12_close(struct net_device
*dev
)
501 struct baycom_state
*bc
= netdev_priv(dev
);
508 outb(0, IER(dev
->base_addr
));
509 outb(1, MCR(dev
->base_addr
));
510 free_irq(dev
->irq
, dev
);
511 release_region(dev
->base_addr
, SER12_EXTENT
);
512 printk(KERN_INFO
"%s: close ser12 at iobase 0x%lx irq %u\n",
513 bc_drvname
, dev
->base_addr
, dev
->irq
);
517 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
519 * ===================== hdlcdrv driver interface =========================
522 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
524 static int baycom_ioctl(struct net_device
*dev
, struct ifreq
*ifr
,
525 struct hdlcdrv_ioctl
*hi
, int cmd
);
527 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
529 static const struct hdlcdrv_ops ser12_ops
= {
530 .drvname
= bc_drvname
,
531 .drvinfo
= bc_drvinfo
,
533 .close
= ser12_close
,
534 .ioctl
= baycom_ioctl
,
537 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
539 static int baycom_setmode(struct baycom_state
*bc
, const char *modestr
)
541 if (strchr(modestr
, '*'))
543 else if (strchr(modestr
, '+'))
545 else if (strchr(modestr
, '@'))
552 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
554 static int baycom_ioctl(struct net_device
*dev
, struct ifreq
*ifr
,
555 struct hdlcdrv_ioctl
*hi
, int cmd
)
557 struct baycom_state
*bc
;
558 struct baycom_ioctl bi
;
563 bc
= netdev_priv(dev
);
564 BUG_ON(bc
->hdrv
.magic
!= HDLCDRV_MAGIC
);
566 if (cmd
!= SIOCDEVPRIVATE
)
572 case HDLCDRVCTL_GETMODE
:
573 strcpy(hi
->data
.modename
, "ser12");
574 if (bc
->opt_dcd
<= 0)
575 strcat(hi
->data
.modename
, (!bc
->opt_dcd
) ? "*" : (bc
->opt_dcd
== -2) ? "@" : "+");
576 if (copy_to_user(ifr
->ifr_data
, hi
, sizeof(struct hdlcdrv_ioctl
)))
580 case HDLCDRVCTL_SETMODE
:
581 if (netif_running(dev
) || !capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN
))
583 hi
->data
.modename
[sizeof(hi
->data
.modename
)-1] = '\0';
584 return baycom_setmode(bc
, hi
->data
.modename
);
586 case HDLCDRVCTL_MODELIST
:
587 strcpy(hi
->data
.modename
, "ser12");
588 if (copy_to_user(ifr
->ifr_data
, hi
, sizeof(struct hdlcdrv_ioctl
)))
592 case HDLCDRVCTL_MODEMPARMASK
:
593 return HDLCDRV_PARMASK_IOBASE
| HDLCDRV_PARMASK_IRQ
;
597 if (copy_from_user(&bi
, ifr
->ifr_data
, sizeof(bi
)))
604 case BAYCOMCTL_GETDEBUG
:
605 bi
.data
.dbg
.debug1
= bc
->hdrv
.ptt_keyed
;
606 bi
.data
.dbg
.debug2
= bc
->debug_vals
.last_intcnt
;
607 bi
.data
.dbg
.debug3
= bc
->debug_vals
.last_pllcorr
;
609 #endif /* BAYCOM_DEBUG */
612 if (copy_to_user(ifr
->ifr_data
, &bi
, sizeof(bi
)))
618 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
621 * command line settable parameters
623 static char *mode
[NR_PORTS
] = { "ser12*", };
624 static int iobase
[NR_PORTS
] = { 0x3f8, };
625 static int irq
[NR_PORTS
] = { 4, };
627 module_param_array(mode
, charp
, NULL
, 0);
628 MODULE_PARM_DESC(mode
, "baycom operating mode; * for software DCD");
629 module_param_hw_array(iobase
, int, ioport
, NULL
, 0);
630 MODULE_PARM_DESC(iobase
, "baycom io base address");
631 module_param_hw_array(irq
, int, irq
, NULL
, 0);
632 MODULE_PARM_DESC(irq
, "baycom irq number");
634 MODULE_AUTHOR("Thomas M. Sailer, sailer@ife.ee.ethz.ch, hb9jnx@hb9w.che.eu");
635 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Baycom ser12 half duplex amateur radio modem driver");
636 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
638 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
640 static int __init
init_baycomserhdx(void)
647 * register net devices
649 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_PORTS
; i
++) {
650 struct net_device
*dev
;
651 struct baycom_state
*bc
;
652 char ifname
[IFNAMSIZ
];
654 sprintf(ifname
, "bcsh%d", i
);
659 iobase
[i
] = irq
[i
] = 0;
661 dev
= hdlcdrv_register(&ser12_ops
,
662 sizeof(struct baycom_state
),
663 ifname
, iobase
[i
], irq
[i
], 0);
667 bc
= netdev_priv(dev
);
668 if (set_hw
&& baycom_setmode(bc
, mode
[i
]))
671 baycom_device
[i
] = dev
;
679 static void __exit
cleanup_baycomserhdx(void)
683 for(i
= 0; i
< NR_PORTS
; i
++) {
684 struct net_device
*dev
= baycom_device
[i
];
687 hdlcdrv_unregister(dev
);
691 module_init(init_baycomserhdx
);
692 module_exit(cleanup_baycomserhdx
);
694 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
699 * format: baycom_ser_hdx=io,irq,mode
700 * mode: ser12 hardware DCD
701 * ser12* software DCD
702 * ser12@ hardware/software DCD, i.e. no explicit DCD signal but hardware
703 * mutes audio input to the modem
704 * ser12+ hardware DCD, inverted signal at DCD pin
707 static int __init
baycom_ser_hdx_setup(char *str
)
709 static unsigned nr_dev
;
712 if (nr_dev
>= NR_PORTS
)
714 str
= get_options(str
, 3, ints
);
718 iobase
[nr_dev
] = ints
[1];
719 irq
[nr_dev
] = ints
[2];
724 __setup("baycom_ser_hdx=", baycom_ser_hdx_setup
);
727 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */