1 This document provides background reading for memory models and related
2 tools. These documents are aimed at kernel hackers who are interested
6 Hardware manuals and models
7 ===========================
9 o SPARC International Inc. (Ed.). 1994. "The SPARC Architecture
10 Reference Manual Version 9". SPARC International Inc.
12 o Compaq Computer Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Alpha Architecture
13 Reference Manual". Compaq Computer Corporation.
15 o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "A Formal Specification of Intel
16 Itanium Processor Family Memory Ordering". Intel Corporation.
18 o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures
19 Software Developer’s Manual". Intel Corporation.
21 o Peter Sewell, Susmit Sarkar, Scott Owens, Francesco Zappa Nardelli,
22 and Magnus O. Myreen. 2010. "x86-TSO: A Rigorous and Usable
23 Programmer's Model for x86 Multiprocessors". Commun. ACM 53, 7
24 (July, 2010), 89-97. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1785414.1785443
26 o IBM Corporation (Ed.). 2009. "Power ISA Version 2.06". IBM
29 o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2009. "ARM Barrier Litmus Tests and Cookbook".
32 o Susmit Sarkar, Peter Sewell, Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and
33 Derek Williams. 2011. "Understanding POWER Multiprocessors". In
34 Proceedings of the 32Nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming
35 Language Design and Implementation (PLDI ’11). ACM, New York,
38 o Susmit Sarkar, Kayvan Memarian, Scott Owens, Mark Batty,
39 Peter Sewell, Luc Maranget, Jade Alglave, and Derek Williams.
40 2012. "Synchronising C/C++ and POWER". In Proceedings of the 33rd
41 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and
42 Implementation (PLDI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 311-322.
44 o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2014. "ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8,
45 for ARMv8-A architecture profile)". ARM Ltd.
47 o Imagination Technologies, LTD. 2015. "MIPS(R) Architecture
48 For Programmers, Volume II-A: The MIPS64(R) Instruction,
49 Set Reference Manual". Imagination Technologies,
50 LTD. https://imgtec.com/?do-download=4302.
52 o Shaked Flur, Kathryn E. Gray, Christopher Pulte, Susmit
53 Sarkar, Ali Sezgin, Luc Maranget, Will Deacon, and Peter
54 Sewell. 2016. "Modelling the ARMv8 Architecture, Operationally:
55 Concurrency and ISA". In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM
56 SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages
57 (POPL ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 608–621.
59 o Shaked Flur, Susmit Sarkar, Christopher Pulte, Kyndylan Nienhuis,
60 Luc Maranget, Kathryn E. Gray, Ali Sezgin, Mark Batty, and Peter
61 Sewell. 2017. "Mixed-size Concurrency: ARM, POWER, C/C++11,
62 and SC". In Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on
63 Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2017). ACM, New York,
66 o Christopher Pulte, Shaked Flur, Will Deacon, Jon French,
67 Susmit Sarkar, and Peter Sewell. 2018. "Simplifying ARM concurrency:
68 multicopy-atomic axiomatic and operational models for ARMv8". In
69 Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 2, Issue
70 POPL, Article No. 19. ACM, New York, NY, USA.
73 Linux-kernel memory model
74 =========================
76 o Jade Alglave, Will Deacon, Boqun Feng, David Howells, Daniel
77 Lustig, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, Nicholas
78 Piggin, Alan Stern, Akira Yokosawa, and Peter Zijlstra.
79 2019. "Calibrating your fear of big bad optimizing compilers"
80 Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/799218/
82 o Jade Alglave, Will Deacon, Boqun Feng, David Howells, Daniel
83 Lustig, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, Nicholas
84 Piggin, Alan Stern, Akira Yokosawa, and Peter Zijlstra.
85 2019. "Who's afraid of a big bad optimizing compiler?"
86 Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/793253/
88 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
89 Alan Stern. 2018. "Frightening small children and disconcerting
90 grown-ups: Concurrency in the Linux kernel". In Proceedings of
91 the 23rd International Conference on Architectural Support for
92 Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2018). ACM,
93 New York, NY, USA, 405-418. Webpage: http://diy.inria.fr/linux/.
95 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
96 Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 1)"
97 Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/718628/
99 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
100 Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 2)"
101 Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/720550/
103 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
104 Alan Stern. 2017-2019. "A Formal Model of Linux-Kernel Memory
105 Ordering" (backup material for the LWN articles)
106 https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/LWNLinuxMM/
112 o Daniel Jackson. 2002. "Alloy: A Lightweight Object Modelling
113 Notation". ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 11, 2 (April 2002),
114 256–290. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/505145.505149
116 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and Michael Tautschnig. 2014. "Herding
117 Cats: Modelling, Simulation, Testing, and Data Mining for Weak
118 Memory". ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 36, 2, Article 7 (July
119 2014), 7:1–7:74 pages.
121 o Jade Alglave, Patrick Cousot, and Luc Maranget. 2016. "Syntax and
122 semantics of the weak consistency model specification language
123 cat". CoRR abs/1608.07531 (2016). https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.07531
126 Memory-model comparisons
127 ========================
129 o Paul E. McKenney, Ulrich Weigand, Andrea Parri, and Boqun
130 Feng. 2018. "Linux-Kernel Memory Model". (27 September 2018).
131 http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0124r6.html.