4 * Copyright (C) 1998,2000 Rik van Riel
5 * Thanks go out to Claus Fischer for some serious inspiration and
6 * for goading me into coding this file...
7 * Copyright (C) 2010 Google, Inc.
8 * Rewritten by David Rientjes
10 * The routines in this file are used to kill a process when
11 * we're seriously out of memory. This gets called from __alloc_pages()
12 * in mm/page_alloc.c when we really run out of memory.
14 * Since we won't call these routines often (on a well-configured
15 * machine) this file will double as a 'coding guide' and a signpost
16 * for newbie kernel hackers. It features several pointers to major
17 * kernel subsystems and hints as to where to find out what things do.
20 #include <linux/oom.h>
22 #include <linux/err.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
25 #include <linux/swap.h>
26 #include <linux/timex.h>
27 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
28 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/notifier.h>
31 #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
32 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
33 #include <linux/security.h>
34 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
36 int sysctl_panic_on_oom
;
37 int sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task
;
38 int sysctl_oom_dump_tasks
= 1;
39 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(zone_scan_lock
);
42 * test_set_oom_score_adj() - set current's oom_score_adj and return old value
43 * @new_val: new oom_score_adj value
45 * Sets the oom_score_adj value for current to @new_val with proper
46 * synchronization and returns the old value. Usually used to temporarily
47 * set a value, save the old value in the caller, and then reinstate it later.
49 int test_set_oom_score_adj(int new_val
)
51 struct sighand_struct
*sighand
= current
->sighand
;
54 spin_lock_irq(&sighand
->siglock
);
55 old_val
= current
->signal
->oom_score_adj
;
56 if (new_val
!= old_val
) {
57 if (new_val
== OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN
)
58 atomic_inc(¤t
->mm
->oom_disable_count
);
59 else if (old_val
== OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN
)
60 atomic_dec(¤t
->mm
->oom_disable_count
);
61 current
->signal
->oom_score_adj
= new_val
;
63 spin_unlock_irq(&sighand
->siglock
);
70 * has_intersects_mems_allowed() - check task eligiblity for kill
71 * @tsk: task struct of which task to consider
72 * @mask: nodemask passed to page allocator for mempolicy ooms
74 * Task eligibility is determined by whether or not a candidate task, @tsk,
75 * shares the same mempolicy nodes as current if it is bound by such a policy
76 * and whether or not it has the same set of allowed cpuset nodes.
78 static bool has_intersects_mems_allowed(struct task_struct
*tsk
,
79 const nodemask_t
*mask
)
81 struct task_struct
*start
= tsk
;
86 * If this is a mempolicy constrained oom, tsk's
87 * cpuset is irrelevant. Only return true if its
88 * mempolicy intersects current, otherwise it may be
91 if (mempolicy_nodemask_intersects(tsk
, mask
))
95 * This is not a mempolicy constrained oom, so only
96 * check the mems of tsk's cpuset.
98 if (cpuset_mems_allowed_intersects(current
, tsk
))
101 } while_each_thread(start
, tsk
);
106 static bool has_intersects_mems_allowed(struct task_struct
*tsk
,
107 const nodemask_t
*mask
)
111 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
114 * The process p may have detached its own ->mm while exiting or through
115 * use_mm(), but one or more of its subthreads may still have a valid
116 * pointer. Return p, or any of its subthreads with a valid ->mm, with
119 struct task_struct
*find_lock_task_mm(struct task_struct
*p
)
121 struct task_struct
*t
= p
;
128 } while_each_thread(p
, t
);
133 /* return true if the task is not adequate as candidate victim task. */
134 static bool oom_unkillable_task(struct task_struct
*p
,
135 const struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
137 if (is_global_init(p
))
139 if (p
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
)
142 /* When mem_cgroup_out_of_memory() and p is not member of the group */
143 if (mem
&& !task_in_mem_cgroup(p
, mem
))
146 /* p may not have freeable memory in nodemask */
147 if (!has_intersects_mems_allowed(p
, nodemask
))
154 * oom_badness - heuristic function to determine which candidate task to kill
155 * @p: task struct of which task we should calculate
156 * @totalpages: total present RAM allowed for page allocation
158 * The heuristic for determining which task to kill is made to be as simple and
159 * predictable as possible. The goal is to return the highest value for the
160 * task consuming the most memory to avoid subsequent oom failures.
162 unsigned int oom_badness(struct task_struct
*p
, struct mem_cgroup
*mem
,
163 const nodemask_t
*nodemask
, unsigned long totalpages
)
167 if (oom_unkillable_task(p
, mem
, nodemask
))
170 p
= find_lock_task_mm(p
);
175 * Shortcut check for a thread sharing p->mm that is OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN
176 * so the entire heuristic doesn't need to be executed for something
177 * that cannot be killed.
179 if (atomic_read(&p
->mm
->oom_disable_count
)) {
185 * The memory controller may have a limit of 0 bytes, so avoid a divide
186 * by zero, if necessary.
192 * The baseline for the badness score is the proportion of RAM that each
193 * task's rss, pagetable and swap space use.
195 points
= get_mm_rss(p
->mm
) + p
->mm
->nr_ptes
;
196 points
+= get_mm_counter(p
->mm
, MM_SWAPENTS
);
199 points
/= totalpages
;
203 * Root processes get 3% bonus, just like the __vm_enough_memory()
204 * implementation used by LSMs.
206 if (has_capability_noaudit(p
, CAP_SYS_ADMIN
))
210 * /proc/pid/oom_score_adj ranges from -1000 to +1000 such that it may
211 * either completely disable oom killing or always prefer a certain
214 points
+= p
->signal
->oom_score_adj
;
217 * Never return 0 for an eligible task that may be killed since it's
218 * possible that no single user task uses more than 0.1% of memory and
219 * no single admin tasks uses more than 3.0%.
223 return (points
< 1000) ? points
: 1000;
227 * Determine the type of allocation constraint.
230 static enum oom_constraint
constrained_alloc(struct zonelist
*zonelist
,
231 gfp_t gfp_mask
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
,
232 unsigned long *totalpages
)
236 enum zone_type high_zoneidx
= gfp_zone(gfp_mask
);
237 bool cpuset_limited
= false;
240 /* Default to all available memory */
241 *totalpages
= totalram_pages
+ total_swap_pages
;
244 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
246 * Reach here only when __GFP_NOFAIL is used. So, we should avoid
247 * to kill current.We have to random task kill in this case.
248 * Hopefully, CONSTRAINT_THISNODE...but no way to handle it, now.
250 if (gfp_mask
& __GFP_THISNODE
)
251 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
254 * This is not a __GFP_THISNODE allocation, so a truncated nodemask in
255 * the page allocator means a mempolicy is in effect. Cpuset policy
256 * is enforced in get_page_from_freelist().
258 if (nodemask
&& !nodes_subset(node_states
[N_HIGH_MEMORY
], *nodemask
)) {
259 *totalpages
= total_swap_pages
;
260 for_each_node_mask(nid
, *nodemask
)
261 *totalpages
+= node_spanned_pages(nid
);
262 return CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY
;
265 /* Check this allocation failure is caused by cpuset's wall function */
266 for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone
, z
, zonelist
,
267 high_zoneidx
, nodemask
)
268 if (!cpuset_zone_allowed_softwall(zone
, gfp_mask
))
269 cpuset_limited
= true;
271 if (cpuset_limited
) {
272 *totalpages
= total_swap_pages
;
273 for_each_node_mask(nid
, cpuset_current_mems_allowed
)
274 *totalpages
+= node_spanned_pages(nid
);
275 return CONSTRAINT_CPUSET
;
277 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
280 static enum oom_constraint
constrained_alloc(struct zonelist
*zonelist
,
281 gfp_t gfp_mask
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
,
282 unsigned long *totalpages
)
284 *totalpages
= totalram_pages
+ total_swap_pages
;
285 return CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
290 * Simple selection loop. We chose the process with the highest
291 * number of 'points'. We expect the caller will lock the tasklist.
293 * (not docbooked, we don't want this one cluttering up the manual)
295 static struct task_struct
*select_bad_process(unsigned int *ppoints
,
296 unsigned long totalpages
, struct mem_cgroup
*mem
,
297 const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
299 struct task_struct
*g
, *p
;
300 struct task_struct
*chosen
= NULL
;
303 do_each_thread(g
, p
) {
308 if (oom_unkillable_task(p
, mem
, nodemask
))
312 * This task already has access to memory reserves and is
313 * being killed. Don't allow any other task access to the
316 * Note: this may have a chance of deadlock if it gets
317 * blocked waiting for another task which itself is waiting
318 * for memory. Is there a better alternative?
320 if (test_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_MEMDIE
))
321 return ERR_PTR(-1UL);
325 if (p
->flags
& PF_EXITING
) {
327 * If p is the current task and is in the process of
328 * releasing memory, we allow the "kill" to set
329 * TIF_MEMDIE, which will allow it to gain access to
330 * memory reserves. Otherwise, it may stall forever.
332 * The loop isn't broken here, however, in case other
333 * threads are found to have already been oom killed.
340 * If this task is not being ptraced on exit,
341 * then wait for it to finish before killing
342 * some other task unnecessarily.
344 if (!(task_ptrace(p
->group_leader
) &
346 return ERR_PTR(-1UL);
350 points
= oom_badness(p
, mem
, nodemask
, totalpages
);
351 if (points
> *ppoints
) {
355 } while_each_thread(g
, p
);
361 * dump_tasks - dump current memory state of all system tasks
362 * @mem: current's memory controller, if constrained
363 * @nodemask: nodemask passed to page allocator for mempolicy ooms
365 * Dumps the current memory state of all eligible tasks. Tasks not in the same
366 * memcg, not in the same cpuset, or bound to a disjoint set of mempolicy nodes
368 * State information includes task's pid, uid, tgid, vm size, rss, cpu, oom_adj
369 * value, oom_score_adj value, and name.
371 * Call with tasklist_lock read-locked.
373 static void dump_tasks(const struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
375 struct task_struct
*p
;
376 struct task_struct
*task
;
378 pr_info("[ pid ] uid tgid total_vm rss cpu oom_adj oom_score_adj name\n");
379 for_each_process(p
) {
380 if (oom_unkillable_task(p
, mem
, nodemask
))
383 task
= find_lock_task_mm(p
);
386 * This is a kthread or all of p's threads have already
387 * detached their mm's. There's no need to report
388 * them; they can't be oom killed anyway.
393 pr_info("[%5d] %5d %5d %8lu %8lu %3u %3d %5d %s\n",
394 task
->pid
, task_uid(task
), task
->tgid
,
395 task
->mm
->total_vm
, get_mm_rss(task
->mm
),
396 task_cpu(task
), task
->signal
->oom_adj
,
397 task
->signal
->oom_score_adj
, task
->comm
);
402 static void dump_header(struct task_struct
*p
, gfp_t gfp_mask
, int order
,
403 struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
406 pr_warning("%s invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x%x, order=%d, "
407 "oom_adj=%d, oom_score_adj=%d\n",
408 current
->comm
, gfp_mask
, order
, current
->signal
->oom_adj
,
409 current
->signal
->oom_score_adj
);
410 cpuset_print_task_mems_allowed(current
);
411 task_unlock(current
);
413 mem_cgroup_print_oom_info(mem
, p
);
414 show_mem(SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES
);
415 if (sysctl_oom_dump_tasks
)
416 dump_tasks(mem
, nodemask
);
419 #define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))
420 static int oom_kill_task(struct task_struct
*p
, struct mem_cgroup
*mem
)
422 struct task_struct
*q
;
423 struct mm_struct
*mm
;
425 p
= find_lock_task_mm(p
);
429 /* mm cannot be safely dereferenced after task_unlock(p) */
432 pr_err("Killed process %d (%s) total-vm:%lukB, anon-rss:%lukB, file-rss:%lukB\n",
433 task_pid_nr(p
), p
->comm
, K(p
->mm
->total_vm
),
434 K(get_mm_counter(p
->mm
, MM_ANONPAGES
)),
435 K(get_mm_counter(p
->mm
, MM_FILEPAGES
)));
439 * Kill all processes sharing p->mm in other thread groups, if any.
440 * They don't get access to memory reserves or a higher scheduler
441 * priority, though, to avoid depletion of all memory or task
442 * starvation. This prevents mm->mmap_sem livelock when an oom killed
443 * task cannot exit because it requires the semaphore and its contended
444 * by another thread trying to allocate memory itself. That thread will
445 * now get access to memory reserves since it has a pending fatal
449 if (q
->mm
== mm
&& !same_thread_group(q
, p
)) {
450 task_lock(q
); /* Protect ->comm from prctl() */
451 pr_err("Kill process %d (%s) sharing same memory\n",
452 task_pid_nr(q
), q
->comm
);
454 force_sig(SIGKILL
, q
);
457 set_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_MEMDIE
);
458 force_sig(SIGKILL
, p
);
464 static int oom_kill_process(struct task_struct
*p
, gfp_t gfp_mask
, int order
,
465 unsigned int points
, unsigned long totalpages
,
466 struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
,
469 struct task_struct
*victim
= p
;
470 struct task_struct
*child
;
471 struct task_struct
*t
= p
;
472 unsigned int victim_points
= 0;
474 if (printk_ratelimit())
475 dump_header(p
, gfp_mask
, order
, mem
, nodemask
);
478 * If the task is already exiting, don't alarm the sysadmin or kill
479 * its children or threads, just set TIF_MEMDIE so it can die quickly
481 if (p
->flags
& PF_EXITING
) {
482 set_tsk_thread_flag(p
, TIF_MEMDIE
);
487 pr_err("%s: Kill process %d (%s) score %d or sacrifice child\n",
488 message
, task_pid_nr(p
), p
->comm
, points
);
492 * If any of p's children has a different mm and is eligible for kill,
493 * the one with the highest badness() score is sacrificed for its
494 * parent. This attempts to lose the minimal amount of work done while
495 * still freeing memory.
498 list_for_each_entry(child
, &t
->children
, sibling
) {
499 unsigned int child_points
;
501 if (child
->mm
== p
->mm
)
504 * oom_badness() returns 0 if the thread is unkillable
506 child_points
= oom_badness(child
, mem
, nodemask
,
508 if (child_points
> victim_points
) {
510 victim_points
= child_points
;
513 } while_each_thread(p
, t
);
515 return oom_kill_task(victim
, mem
);
519 * Determines whether the kernel must panic because of the panic_on_oom sysctl.
521 static void check_panic_on_oom(enum oom_constraint constraint
, gfp_t gfp_mask
,
522 int order
, const nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
524 if (likely(!sysctl_panic_on_oom
))
526 if (sysctl_panic_on_oom
!= 2) {
528 * panic_on_oom == 1 only affects CONSTRAINT_NONE, the kernel
529 * does not panic for cpuset, mempolicy, or memcg allocation
532 if (constraint
!= CONSTRAINT_NONE
)
535 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
536 dump_header(NULL
, gfp_mask
, order
, NULL
, nodemask
);
537 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
538 panic("Out of memory: %s panic_on_oom is enabled\n",
539 sysctl_panic_on_oom
== 2 ? "compulsory" : "system-wide");
542 #ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR
543 void mem_cgroup_out_of_memory(struct mem_cgroup
*mem
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
546 unsigned int points
= 0;
547 struct task_struct
*p
;
550 * If current has a pending SIGKILL, then automatically select it. The
551 * goal is to allow it to allocate so that it may quickly exit and free
554 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
)) {
555 set_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
);
559 check_panic_on_oom(CONSTRAINT_MEMCG
, gfp_mask
, 0, NULL
);
560 limit
= mem_cgroup_get_limit(mem
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
561 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
563 p
= select_bad_process(&points
, limit
, mem
, NULL
);
564 if (!p
|| PTR_ERR(p
) == -1UL)
567 if (oom_kill_process(p
, gfp_mask
, 0, points
, limit
, mem
, NULL
,
568 "Memory cgroup out of memory"))
571 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
575 static BLOCKING_NOTIFIER_HEAD(oom_notify_list
);
577 int register_oom_notifier(struct notifier_block
*nb
)
579 return blocking_notifier_chain_register(&oom_notify_list
, nb
);
581 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(register_oom_notifier
);
583 int unregister_oom_notifier(struct notifier_block
*nb
)
585 return blocking_notifier_chain_unregister(&oom_notify_list
, nb
);
587 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unregister_oom_notifier
);
590 * Try to acquire the OOM killer lock for the zones in zonelist. Returns zero
591 * if a parallel OOM killing is already taking place that includes a zone in
592 * the zonelist. Otherwise, locks all zones in the zonelist and returns 1.
594 int try_set_zonelist_oom(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
600 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
601 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, gfp_zone(gfp_mask
)) {
602 if (zone_is_oom_locked(zone
)) {
608 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, gfp_zone(gfp_mask
)) {
610 * Lock each zone in the zonelist under zone_scan_lock so a
611 * parallel invocation of try_set_zonelist_oom() doesn't succeed
614 zone_set_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
618 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
623 * Clears the ZONE_OOM_LOCKED flag for all zones in the zonelist so that failed
624 * allocation attempts with zonelists containing them may now recall the OOM
625 * killer, if necessary.
627 void clear_zonelist_oom(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, gfp_t gfp_mask
)
632 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
633 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone
, z
, zonelist
, gfp_zone(gfp_mask
)) {
634 zone_clear_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
636 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
640 * Try to acquire the oom killer lock for all system zones. Returns zero if a
641 * parallel oom killing is taking place, otherwise locks all zones and returns
644 static int try_set_system_oom(void)
649 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
650 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
651 if (zone_is_oom_locked(zone
)) {
655 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
656 zone_set_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
658 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
663 * Clears ZONE_OOM_LOCKED for all system zones so that failed allocation
664 * attempts or page faults may now recall the oom killer, if necessary.
666 static void clear_system_oom(void)
670 spin_lock(&zone_scan_lock
);
671 for_each_populated_zone(zone
)
672 zone_clear_flag(zone
, ZONE_OOM_LOCKED
);
673 spin_unlock(&zone_scan_lock
);
677 * out_of_memory - kill the "best" process when we run out of memory
678 * @zonelist: zonelist pointer
679 * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
680 * @order: amount of memory being requested as a power of 2
681 * @nodemask: nodemask passed to page allocator
683 * If we run out of memory, we have the choice between either
684 * killing a random task (bad), letting the system crash (worse)
685 * OR try to be smart about which process to kill. Note that we
686 * don't have to be perfect here, we just have to be good.
688 void out_of_memory(struct zonelist
*zonelist
, gfp_t gfp_mask
,
689 int order
, nodemask_t
*nodemask
)
691 const nodemask_t
*mpol_mask
;
692 struct task_struct
*p
;
693 unsigned long totalpages
;
694 unsigned long freed
= 0;
696 enum oom_constraint constraint
= CONSTRAINT_NONE
;
699 blocking_notifier_call_chain(&oom_notify_list
, 0, &freed
);
701 /* Got some memory back in the last second. */
705 * If current has a pending SIGKILL, then automatically select it. The
706 * goal is to allow it to allocate so that it may quickly exit and free
709 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
)) {
710 set_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
);
715 * Check if there were limitations on the allocation (only relevant for
716 * NUMA) that may require different handling.
718 constraint
= constrained_alloc(zonelist
, gfp_mask
, nodemask
,
720 mpol_mask
= (constraint
== CONSTRAINT_MEMORY_POLICY
) ? nodemask
: NULL
;
721 check_panic_on_oom(constraint
, gfp_mask
, order
, mpol_mask
);
723 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
724 if (sysctl_oom_kill_allocating_task
&&
725 !oom_unkillable_task(current
, NULL
, nodemask
) &&
726 current
->mm
&& !atomic_read(¤t
->mm
->oom_disable_count
)) {
728 * oom_kill_process() needs tasklist_lock held. If it returns
729 * non-zero, current could not be killed so we must fallback to
732 if (!oom_kill_process(current
, gfp_mask
, order
, 0, totalpages
,
734 "Out of memory (oom_kill_allocating_task)"))
739 p
= select_bad_process(&points
, totalpages
, NULL
, mpol_mask
);
740 if (PTR_ERR(p
) == -1UL)
743 /* Found nothing?!?! Either we hang forever, or we panic. */
745 dump_header(NULL
, gfp_mask
, order
, NULL
, mpol_mask
);
746 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
747 panic("Out of memory and no killable processes...\n");
750 if (oom_kill_process(p
, gfp_mask
, order
, points
, totalpages
, NULL
,
751 nodemask
, "Out of memory"))
755 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
758 * Give "p" a good chance of killing itself before we
759 * retry to allocate memory unless "p" is current
761 if (killed
&& !test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
))
762 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
766 * The pagefault handler calls here because it is out of memory, so kill a
767 * memory-hogging task. If a populated zone has ZONE_OOM_LOCKED set, a parallel
768 * oom killing is already in progress so do nothing. If a task is found with
769 * TIF_MEMDIE set, it has been killed so do nothing and allow it to exit.
771 void pagefault_out_of_memory(void)
773 if (try_set_system_oom()) {
774 out_of_memory(NULL
, 0, 0, NULL
);
777 if (!test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE
))
778 schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);