4 This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of
5 software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels.
7 This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels
8 and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch,
9 Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the
12 Current Minimal Requirements
13 ============================
15 Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've
16 encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently
17 running, the suggested command should tell you.
19 Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally
20 running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all
21 systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example,
22 you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils.
24 o GNU C 3.2 # gcc --version
25 o GNU make 3.80 # make --version
26 o binutils 2.12 # ld -v
27 o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version
28 o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V
29 o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V
30 o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V
31 o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V
32 o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V
33 o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version
34 o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck
35 o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V
36 o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V
37 o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version
38 o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version
39 o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version
40 o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version
41 o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version
42 o udev 081 # udevd --version
43 o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version
44 o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version
45 o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V
46 o openssl & libcrypto 1.0.1k # openssl version
55 The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your
61 You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel.
66 Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for
67 assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile
68 your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent
74 You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std,
75 File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel.
80 You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher
86 Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and
87 crypto library to do key creation and signature generation.
89 You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is
90 enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3
100 DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev
101 (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/)
103 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun!
105 Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline
106 documentation via specially-formatted comments near their
107 definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the
108 SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook
109 files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript,
110 HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from
111 DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as
112 well as the desired DocBook stylesheets.
117 New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks,
118 support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition
119 types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies.
120 You'll probably want to upgrade.
125 If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the
126 ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't.
127 It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so
128 that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also
129 produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel
130 is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and
131 reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops
137 A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools
138 to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels.
143 These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that
144 mkinitrd be upgraded.
149 The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and
150 debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade.
155 The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system.
156 The following utilities are available:
157 o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check
158 and repair a JFS formatted partition.
159 o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition.
160 o other file system utilities are also available in this package.
165 The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x
166 (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working
167 versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and
168 reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms.
173 The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the
174 xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is
175 architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should
176 work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or
177 later is recommended, due to some significant improvements).
182 PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up
183 PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules
184 for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug
190 Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use
191 the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and
192 newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer
193 from the table above.
198 A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode,
199 accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using
200 udev you may need to:
203 mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184
204 chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode
206 as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to
207 get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this.
211 udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with
212 only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic
213 functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for
219 Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount
220 options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work.
228 If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably
229 consider using the network tools from ip-route2.
233 The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x
234 kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules
235 for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm.
240 The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to
241 enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP,
242 upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0.
244 If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp
245 which can be made by:
247 mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0
254 Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils
255 needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded.
260 In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know
261 about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This
262 information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client
263 mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs
264 would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab.
266 This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct
267 which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement
268 fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from
269 getting lots of old entries that never get removed.
271 With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd
272 when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give
273 appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the
274 dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about
275 currently active clients.
277 To enable this new functionality, you need to:
279 mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd
281 before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS
282 services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where
288 On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check
289 events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported
290 by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged.
292 Getting updated software
293 ========================
300 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/>
304 o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/>
308 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/>
312 o <https://www.openssl.org/>
319 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>
323 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/>
327 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/>
331 o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main>
335 o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz>
339 o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/>
343 o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/>
347 o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/>
351 o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/>
355 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/>
359 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/>
363 o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/>
367 o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/>
371 o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html>
375 o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse>
379 o <http://www.mcelog.org/>
386 o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/>
390 o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/>
394 o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14>
398 o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html>
402 o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/>
406 o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/>
410 o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/>